Spawning and hatching performance of the silvery black porgy Sparidentex hasta under hypersaline conditions

Abu Al Abyad island is characterized by harsh environmental conditions. A preliminary trial conducted at the island to investigate the spawning and hatching performance of the blue finned sea bream Sparidentex hasta indicated that the fish can be successfully bred at high salinity levels exceeding 50 ppt

Spawning and hatching performance of the silvery black porgy Sparidentex hasta under hypersaline conditions

Abu Al Abyad island is characterized by harsh environmental conditions. A preliminary trial conducted at the island to investigate the spawning and hatching performance of the blue finned sea bream Sparidentex hasta indicated that the fish can be successfully bred at high salinity levels exceeding 50 ppt.Salinity tolerance, Spawning, Hatching, United Arab Emirates, Sparidentex hasta

Nanostructure Zinc Oxide with Cobalt Dopant by PLD for Gas Sensor Applications

The present paper is based on study of polycrystalline ZnO:Co thin films deposited on glass substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique using pulsed Nd-YAG laser with wavelength ( = 532 nm) and duration (7 ns) and energy fluence (1.4 J/cm 2) with different doping (1 wt. %, 3 wt. % and 5 wt. %). The X-Ray diffraction patterns of the films showed that the ZnO films and ZnO:Co films exhibit wurtzite crystal structure and high crystalline quality. The root mean square (RMS) surface roughness of Co doped ZnO thin films was estimated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) found to be 50.95 nm, 55.78 nm, 56.94 nm and 67.88 nm for pure,1 wt. %, 3 wt. % and 5 wt. % Co doping concentrations respectively. Through the electrical properties, electrical D.C conductivity at temperature range (27-300) ºC for ZnO:Co films as studied which are realized that these films have two activation energies. Hall effect is studied to estimate the type of carriers, from the result we deduced that the ZnO:Co thin films are n-type. The films exhibited good sensitivity to the ethanol vapors with quick response-recovery characteristics and it was found that the sensitivity for detecting (80) ppm, for ethanol vapor was of (27.5), (31.75), (79.0) and (53.1) at an operating temperature of (50) C for ZnO:Co thin films. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2777

Use of VP60 RT-PCR to overcome the limitation of haemagglutination inhibition diagnosis of rabbit viral haemorrhagic disease

[EN] Rabbit viral haemorrhagic disease (RVHD) is a highly contagious, highly fatal, peracute and acute viral disease of both wild and domestic rabbits caused by rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV). Testing for haemagglutination (HA) activity in processed liver samples is one of the cornerstones for rapid diagnosis of RHDV outbreaks in national rabbitries. However, RHDV isolates exhibiting no HA activity are increasingly being reported. The extent of deviation from classical HA activity patterns for RHDV strains in Egypt has not been investigated. This study compared the HA activity patterns of samples collected from 61 RHDV outbreaks that occurred between 1999 and 2005 to determine whether dependence on HA test (HAT) for diagnosis of RHDV outbreaks needs to be reviewed. All samples were confirmed RHDV positive using SDS-PAGE and western blotting. Using slide HAT, only 36.1% of samples were positive (22 samples). Plate HAT conducted at 4 0C detected an additional 16 positive samples bringing the total HA-positive samples to 38 (62.3%). Plate HAT conducted at 22 0C failed to detect additional positive samples. The majority of samples detected after plate HA testing (62.5%) had HA titres comparable to those obtained from slide-HA-positive samples, indicating that the difference in HA activity is dependent on the nature of the HA antigen rather than its presence. Direct detection of HA activity failed in 37.7% of samples despite the presence of classical signs, pathology, and being RT-PCR positive for three different VP60 regions. Experimental infection of seronegative rabbits with 9 HA negative RHDV samples showed that 5 isolates were in-fact HA positive, while only 4 isolates remained HA negative. The increased detection of viruses lacking HA activity and the low HAT sensitivity mandates the use of molecular techniques for rapid confirmation of RHDV diagnosis in the Egyptian environment.This work was partially funded by the Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbasia, Cairo, Egypt, and by Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.Shakal, M.; Khelfa, D.; Salman, O.; Yousif, A.; Salwa, E. (2011). Use of VP60 RT-PCR to overcome the limitation of haemagglutination inhibition diagnosis of rabbit viral haemorrhagic disease. World Rabbit Science. 19(1):11-20. doi:10.4995/wrs.2011.813SWORD112019

SERUM NEUTROPHIL GELATINASE-ASSOCIATED LIPOCALIN (NGAL) AS A PREDICTIVE BIOMARKER OF KIDNEY INJURY IN RENAL TRANSPLANTED PATIENTS and CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

Objective: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin has emerged as a promising biomarker of kidney injury better than creatinine to early predict the acute kidney injury in both chronic kidney diseases and early diagnosis of kidney allograft dysfunction.Methods: Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin was evaluated as a new biomarker for acute renal injury in 69 patients were divided in two groups chronic kidney disease patients (stage5), (n=34), and renal transplant patients, (n=35) comparing with apparently healthy control (n= 35) of matching age and weight. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, hsCRP and Cystatin-C were measured by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay which is included first incubating the test serum in an antigen-coated polystyrene plate, then enzyme labelled anti-immunoglobulin is added and the enzyme then remaining in plate after washing provides a measure of the amount of specific antibody in the serum and in the final step a substance is added that the enzyme can convert to some detectable signal, most commonly a color change in a chemical substrate.Results: There was a significant increase in serum NGAL of renal transplantation patients, and CKD patients (stage5) than in healthy control subjects (455±145 ng/ml vs. 296.4±83.5 ng/ml 486±153 ng/ml vs296. 4±83.5 ng/ml) respectively. A high serum Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is noted in renal transplanted patients after one month, then after six months (480±188ng/ml vs. 409±78ng/ml). There was a significant negative correlation between serum Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in renal transplanted patients, and chronic kidney disease patients (stage 5) with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (p<0.05).Conclusion: Serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin seems to be an early predictor of kidney injury and post-transplantation management, including dialysis and grafting function of the kidney

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Muslim learning during the earlier Abbasid era, 749-861 AD

ThesisThesis, University of Toronto, 197

Teacher talk in a formal setting Linguistic modifications in non-native speakers language in the university classroom

SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:DX175675 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo

The formation of lithiated Ti-doped alpha-Fe2O3 nanocrystalline particles by mechanical milling of Ti-doped lithium spinel ferrite

The milling of spinel-related Ti-doped Li0.5Fe2.5O4 for different times is studied with XRD, Mossbauer spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. Milling converts the material to Li-Ti-doped alpha-Fe2O3 nanocrystalline particles via an intermediate gamma-LiFeO2-related phase. The role played by the dopant Ti-ion in the process is emphasized