Optimization of the Spatial Distribution of Pollution Emission in Water Bodies

The environmental protection of water bodies in Europe is based on the Water Framework Directive, which combines the so called Emission Limits Value and the Water Quality Objective (QO) approaches. The first one sets limits to particular type of emissions, for example the Nitrate Directive, while the second establishes Quality Standards for Biological, Chemical and Hydromorphological Quality Elements, in order to ensure the functioning of freshwater and marine ecosystem and the sustainable use of water bodies. To this regard, mathematical models are valuable tools for reconciliating these approaches, since they allow one to establish a causal link between emission levels and the Quality Standards ("direct problem") and vice-versa ("inverse problem"). In general, Quality Elements are variables or proper combination of variables which define the "status" of a water body. For example, the "chemical status" can be defined by a set of concentrations of chemicals which are potentially harmful for the ecosystem and humans, or the biological status may be based on Quality Elements which include the density of phytoplankton, the presence/absence of Submerged Aquatic Vegetation, the presence/absence of sensitive species etc. In many instances, the Quality Standards can then be expressed as threshold values, below or above which the functioning of the ecosystem is compromised and/or the risk for human health is not acceptable. If this is the case, management policies should be aimed at improving the state of the system and meet those Standards in the near future. In order to be carried in a cost-effective manner, such interventions should be based on a quantitative understanding of the relationships between the Pressures on the system and its State. This task could be very complex in large water bodies, where transport processes play a major role in creating marked gradients and pollution sources may be spatially distributed and/or not well identified. From the scientific point of view, the problem can be stated as follows: a mathematical model should enable one to "map" the spatial distribution of inputs (emissions) into the spatial distribution of the requested output, namely the "indicator" or "metric", which is subjected to a given constraint, the Quality Standard (QS), within the computational dominion. Such analysis may reveal that the QS are not respected only in a given fraction of the water body and, in the most favorable circumstances, identify the pollution sources which cause the problem. In such a case, a selective intervention, aimed at lowering the emission levels of those sources, would probably be more cost effective than the general reduction of the emission levels in the whole area. The spatial distribution of emission sources may also affect the pollution level and, in some instances, a proper redistribution of those sources in a given area, which leaves unchanged the total load, could have positive effect on the pollution level. In this paper, we are going to investigate the above problems in the simplest possible setting, in order to provide a clear interpretation of the results in relation to the most relevant parameters. The paper is organized as follows: in the "methods" section, we present the basic equations and provide insights for solving the problem in the general case as well as in the specific one here presented. The analytical solutions are presented and discussed in the next two sessions and some concluding remarks are then summarized in the conclusive section

Nanostructured NaBiTe2 thin films and their properties

Multicomponent chalcogenide-contained films are appeared as an interesting nonequilibrium thermodynamic system. Structural and electric field-induced characteristics of these materials are not investigated. The paper reports for the first time experimental data on growth, morphology and electrophysical properties of NaBiTe2 thin films. The investigated samples were condensed on glass substrates under deposition rate 0.1-0.5 nm/s at T = 300 K and vacuum level P = 10-3 Pa. Metal-semiconductor (MS) Cr/NaBiTe2 structures were prepared for electrical studies. Room-temperature time dependence of the current flowing through the investigated structure under applied electric field is also discussed. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2054

Rove Beetles of the Genus Gyrophaena (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae) of Ukraine

Twenty species of the genus Gyrophaena Mannerheim, 1830, from Ukraine are reviewed. Of these, five species: G. joyi Wendeler, 1924; G. joyioides Wüsthoff, 1937; G. orientalis A. Strand, 1938; G. pseudonana A. Strand, 1939 and G. williamsi A. Strand, 1935, are recorded from Ukraine for the first time. Detailed morphological descriptions, data on bionomics and distribution are given for each species. A key to all subgenera and species of the genus Gyrophaena occurring in Ukraine is provided.Дан обзор 20 видов рода Gyrophaena Mannerheim, 1830 фауны Украины. Среди выявленных видов 5 (G. joyi Wendeler, 1924; G. joyioides Wьsthoff, 1937; G. orientalis A. Strand, 1938; G. pseudonana A. Strand, 1939 и G. williamsi A. Strand, 1935) впервые приведены для фауны Украины. Даны детальные морфологические описания, указаны особенности экологии и распространения для всех 20 видов. Приведена таблица для определения подродов и видов рода Gyrophaena фауны Украины

НОВЫЙ КЛАСС ЯВЛЕНИЙ, ОБНАРУЖИВАЕМЫЙ ПРИ НЕЙРОСЕТЕВОМ АНАЛИЗЕ МНОГОПРИЗНАКОВЫХ ДАННЫХ У БОЛЬНЫХ С ВОСПАЛИТЕЛЬНЫМИ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯМИ ЛЕГКИХ

Aim: to apply the neural network analysis method of multi-data of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) to recognize the variability of their diagnoses and discovery of new analytical capabilities of NSA based on new methodological approaches of the meeting. Materials and methods: in this paper, we applied a new approach of neural network analysis of multivariate data, obtained based on clinical, laboratory and instrumental tests in 60 patients older than 65 years at various stages of the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. Anthropometric data were used together with the results of immunological and immunochemical studies of blood serum of patients with community-acquired pneumonia who were in the acute phase of the disease. Results: a new approach analysis of these data revealed the presence of characteristic groups of the bio-markers, which consist from a combination of a small number of the signs that are necessary and sufficient in the aggregate for accurate classification of diagnoses for patients. Conclusions: the presence of these symptoms characteristic series shows that we have discovered a new class of phenomena. These phenomena manifest themselves in the hidden relationships between the signs which included in these groups and are reflect features of the flow processes in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the lungs in different diagnostic areas. Their study can be an important and interesting in terms of understanding the many aspects of this disease.Цель исследования: применить нейросетевой метод анализа многопризнаковых данных у больных с воспалительными заболеваниями легких для распознавания вариабельности их диагнозов с учетом степени тяжести течения болезни и расширения аналитических возможностей этого метода путем использования нетрадиционных методических подходов. Подходы основаны на последовательном вычленении из всего набора признаков тех из них, которые оказываются относительно наименее диагностически значимыми. Материалы и методы: в исследовании использованы многопризнаковые данные пациентов, полученные в ходе клинического исследования анамнестических, клинических, лабораторных и инструментальных данных 60 пациентов в возрасте старше 65 лет на разных этапах лечения внебольничной пневмонии. Для нейросетевого анализа учитывали антропометрические, иммунологические и иммунохимические показатели сыворотки крови больных внебольничной пневмонией, находившихся в остром периоде заболевания. Результаты: установлены скрытые закономерные связи между определенными признаками, которые образуют специфические характеристические ряды, свойственные инфекционно-воспалительным бронхолегочным заболеваниям. Эти ряды состоят из сочетания небольшого числа признаков, необходимых и достаточных в своей совокупности для безошибочного подтверждения диагноза у пациентов. Выводы: можно утверждать, что наличие таких характеристических рядов демонстрирует существование нового класса явлений в виде скрытых взаимоотношений между признаками, входящими в эти ряды, и отражает особенности течения патогенетических процессов при различных вариантах степени тяжести воспалительных заболеваний легких. Дальнейшее изучение этих взаимосвязей представляется важным в более глубоком понимании многих аспектов данного заболевания

Atomistic models for R1–xPrxBa2Cu3O7–δ (R = Y and lanthanides) and related oxides

We report the results of defect structures studies of silicon implanted at different temperatures with Mn ions (Si:Mn) and of GaMnAs layers, next annealed under ambient and high pressures. An influence of annealing conditions on structural properties of Si:Mn and GaMnAs layers was investigated. It has been confirmed that annealing of the Si:Mn samples after implantation results in crystallization of silicon inside the buried postimplanted layer, as well as in the formation of ferromagnetic Mn4Si7 precipitates. A change of strain in the GaMnAs layer, from the compressive to the tensile one, related to a creation of nanoclustered MnAs, was found to be dependent on processing conditions and primary existing structural defects, while independent of the Mn concentration. An influence of primary defects on the structural transformations of the GaMnAs layer is discussed.Атомістичні методи імітаційного моделювання, основані на принципі мінімізації енергії, використані для вивчення структурних параметрів ряду орторомбічних R1–xPrxBa2Cu3O6.5 і пов'язаних з ними сполук. Нові міжатомні потенційні параметри взаємодії одержані для широкого діапазону оксидів, таких як CuO, R2O3, RBa2Cu3O6.5 і R1–xPrxBa2Cu3O6.5 (всього 62 сполуки). Одержані дані знаходяться в доброму узгoдженні з попередніми результатами експериментальних і теоретичних досліджень. Мета даної роботи – прогнозування решіточних потенціалів взаємодії, що можуть бути надалі використані як основа для теоретичного вивчення дефектної хімії надпровідних купратів та інших технологічно важливих оксидів

Genotype by yield × trait (GYT) biplot analysis for the identification of the superior winter and facultative barley breeding lines

Received: January 25th, 2023 ; Accepted: May 21st, 2023 ; Published: June 17th, 2023 ; Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected] the present study, in a panel of promising winter and facultative barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) breeding lines, the peculiarities of yield performance and its combination with resistance (tolerance) to the most common under conditions of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe abiotic and biotic stresses have been determined. In 2016-17–2018-19 the breeding lines were differentiated based on grain yield, thousand kernel weight, frost resistance, leakage of electrolytes, relative drought tolerance, lodging resistance, and resistance to powdery mildew (caused by Blumeria graminis (DC.) E. O. Speer, f. sp. hordei emend. É. J. Marchal (anamorph Oidium monilioides Link)), spot blotch (caused by Cochliobolus sativus (anamorph Bipolaris sorokiniana [Sacc.] Shoem.)), and leaf rust (caused by Puccinia hordei Otth.). GYT (genotype by yield × trait) biplot model was used for comprehensive evaluation of the breeding lines by a combination of yield with a complex of traits. As a result, the winter breeding line ‘Pallidum 5096’ and facultative breeding line ‘Pallidum 5110’ superior to others in terms of yield × traits combinations have been identified. These breeding lines as new varieties ‘MIP Atlas’ and ‘MIP Yanus’ accordingly have been submitted to the Ukrainian Institute for Plant Variety Examination for further State Qualification Examination. The winter (‘Pallidum 5134’, ‘Pallidum 5097’, ‘Pallidum 5024’, ‘Pallidum 5090’, and ‘Pallidum 5130’) and facultative (‘Pallidum 5153’, ‘Pallidum 5102’, ‘Pallidum 5126’, and ‘Pallidum 5131’) breeding lines can be used as valuable genetic sources in breeding programs in Ukraine and some other Central a nd Eastern European countries

Gender differences of basketball players aged 12-13 years according to the response to a moving object

Purpose: The study aims at the determining gender differences of basketball players aged 12-13 years in response to an object in motion that determines the predominance of excitation and inhibition processes. Material: The participants of the study are 58 basketball players aged 12-13 years, 35 are male basketball players and 23 are female. Male basketball players had 4-5-year training experience, female had 1,5-2-year experience. All athletes had normal visual acuity and were healthy at the time of the study. Young basketball players were informed about the purpose of the study. The computer program containing visual stimuli, moving with acceleration from different points of the monitor was used for testing. Results: The deviations from the target data as well the pole were taken into consideration. It demonstrated the predominance of excitation and inhibition processes of basketball players of different sexes. The response accuracy to visual stimuli without taking into account the pole during perception with the left eye and the right eye is shown. Conclusions: It was found out that the females’ response accuracy during monocular perception is more closely related to the response accuracy during binocular imaging, whereas the role of the males’ leading eye is increased during perception of objects from a convenient side. This may indicate the peculiar reactions under the conditions of double perception of objects in solving complex spatial problems

Atomistic studies of Li+ migration in Y₂O₃ and the structure of related oxides

Atomistic computer simulation techniques based on energy minimization have been employed to predict the equilibrium lattice parameters and volumes of a series of rare-earth sesquioxides and their polymorphs. The results have been found in agreement with experimental data and ab initio studies given in the literature. To demonstrate the applicability of the computational methodology the migration of lithium ions (Li⁺) in yttria (Y₂O₃) has been considered.Атомістичні методи комп’ютерного моделювання, основані на принципі мінімізації енергії, використані для прогнозування рівноважних параметрів і об’єма кристалічної гратки ряда рідкоземельних оксидів та їх поліморф. Результати моделювання знаходяться в доброму узгoдженні з експериментальними і літературними даними. Для демонстрації запропонованої обчислювальної методики розглянутo міграцію іонів літія (Li⁺) в оксиді ітрія (Y₂O₃).Атомистические методы компьютерного моделирования, основанные на принципе минимизации энергии, использованы для предсказания равновесных параметров и объема кристаллической решетки ряда редкоземельных оксидов и их полиморф. Результаты моделирования находятся в хорошем согласии с экспериментальными и литературными данными. Для демонстрации применимости предложенной вычислительной методики рассмотрена миграция ионов лития (Li⁺) в оксиде иттрия (Y₂O₃)