The Influence of the Underlying Land Surface on the Water Exchange between Earth and Atmosphere

In this Working Paper, the authors produce maps of IWR, an index of water exchange variability proposed by the National Environment and Climate Monitoring Laboratory, Moscow. Values of the index are computed from measurements of monthly precipitation and estimates of monthly evapo-transpiration obtained from a large number of heat budget stations in the Soviet Union. Values of IWR correspond remarkably with ecosystem types, the isopleths being closely packed along ecotones (separating forest and taiga, for example). Given some future climate scenario, the method could be used to estimate changes in the locations of ecotones. Thus the paper is a contribution to the ICSU IGBP program (International Geosphere-Biosphere Program) and as such, is to be welcomed

Developing of modern cultivation technology of organic potatoes

Medium term field experiment demonstrates the effectiveness of biological ways to increase potatoes yield on the sod-podzolic, light loamy soil. The effects of the following two groups of factors were studied: 1. The level of mineral nutrition provided by compost; 2. Microbiological pant protection product (bio preparations): Flavobacterin which has N fixer attribute and Vitaplan and Kartofen, which have bio fungicide features. Potatoes varieties ‘Nevsky’ and ‘Udacha’ were cultivated. The compost was applied in the dose range from 0 to 160 kg N ha-1 . Treatment with bio-preparations was carried out by potato tubers during planting and leaves during the growing season. Weeds were removed mechanically. Weather conditions had a significant impact on the formation of the crop. The average yield of standard potato tubers for 2017–2018 ranged from 14.1 to 29.3 t ha-1 . The use of both microbiological preparations and compost gave approximately the same effect and increased yields by 35–37% compared to the control. The use of compost together with bio-preparations provided an output of 27.6–29.3 t ha-1of potatoes. In 2019, the joint use of compost and biopreparations allowed to reach a yield of 40 tons ha-1 of marketable potatoes. On the basis of the obtained data, the mathematical dependences of the yield of potatoes on the dose of compost, the type of biological preparation and the complex indicator of the year conditions were determined

More Precise Shaping of Guide Screws with Trapezoidal Thread

© 2020, Allerton Press, Inc. Abstract: How does the thread-cutter configuration with respect to the workpiece axis in roughing affect the shape precision of the external trapezoidal thread and the margin in final grinding? That question is investigated in the present work. An algorithm is outlined for determining the transverse profile of the helical channel in the external trapezoidal thread at the inner, central, and outer diameters. The channel profile calculated from that algorithm determines the cutting-edge profile at the front surface of a cutter positioned perpendicularly to the part’s helical surface for preliminary machining

Variability of quantitative traits inregenerants of Vaccinium corymbosum in vitro under influenceof indolebutyric acid and phytosteroids

Results of the comparative analysis of variability of 8 quantitative traits at regenerants of Northland and Patriot cultivars of highbush blueberry in vitro on nutrient, agarized mediums for rooting, with organic compounds, on macro- and micro- salt basis of ½ WPM differing on composition of auxins in 9 variants of experience are given presented. Distinctions on variability of analyzed traits depending on phytohormonal structure of the medium are established. A certain regularity of variability of height and crude weight of regenerants with growth of concentration of applied phytohormones was observed. Usage of phytohormones in comparison with control more often led to reliable increase in indicators of regenerant height by 1.2–1.4 times, lengths of the third interstice by 1.2–1.3 times (only at Northland cultivar), the crude weight of regenerants by 1.2–1.4 times (only at Northland cultivar), viability of explants by 1.2–1.4 times (only at Patriot cultivar). It is established reliable (in most cases at P <0.01) influence of a genotype, phytohormonal structure of the medium and set of two factors on variability of the vast majority of analyzed traits, respectively – seven of eight traits from shares of influence of 3–30 %, all traits from shares of influence of 19–56 %, six of eight traits from shares of influence of 10–42 %

Analysis of variability of quantitative traits at regenerants of Vaccinium corymbosum in vitrounder the actionof phytosteroids

Results of the comparative analysis of variability of 8 quantitative traits at regenerants of Northland and Patriot cultivars of highbush blueberry in vitro on nutrient, agarized mediums for rooting, with organic compounds, on macro- and micro- salt basis of ½ WPM differing on composition of phytohormonal steroids in a combination with IAA in 15 variants of experience are given in the present article. Usage of phytohormones in comparison with control led to authentic increase in indicators of regenerants height in 1.2–1.8 times; lengths of the third interstice in 1.2–1.4 times; the quantities of shoots, weight of regenerants and quantities of leaves in 1.2–1.3 times; explants viability in 1.2–1.5 times. In overwhelming majority of cases the presence of phytohormonal steroids – EB or EK – leads to authentic, essential rooting reduction in 1.2–5.7 times at both investigated cultivars. It is established the authentic (in most cases at P < 0.01) influence of a genotype on variability of all analyzed traits, as well as the authentic at P < 0.01 influence of phytohormonal structure of medium on variability of practically all traits (except for weight of regenerants)