1,185 research outputs found
Spectral signatures of photosynthesis II: coevolution with other stars and the atmosphere on extrasolar worlds
As photosynthesis on Earth produces the primary signatures of life that can
be detected astronomically at the global scale, a strong focus of the search
for extrasolar life will be photosynthesis, particularly photosynthesis that
has evolved with a different parent star. We take planetary atmospheric
compositions simulated by Segura, et al. (2003, 2005) for Earth-like planets
around observed F2V and K2V stars, modeled M1V and M5V stars, and around the
active M4.5V star AD Leo; our scenarios use Earth's atmospheric composition as
well as very low O2 content in case anoxygenic photosynthesis dominates. We
calculate the incident spectral photon flux densities at the surface of the
planet and under water. We identify bands of available photosynthetically
relevant radiation and find that photosynthetic pigments on planets around F2V
stars may peak in absorbance in the blue, K2V in the red-orange, and M stars in
the NIR, in bands at 0.93-1.1 microns, 1.1-1.4 microns, 1.5-1.8 microns, and
1.8-2.5 microns. In addition, we calculate wavelength restrictions for
underwater organisms and depths of water at which they would be protected from
UV flares in the early life of M stars. We estimate the potential productivity
for both surface and underwater photosynthesis, for both oxygenic and
anoxygenic photosynthesis, and for hypothetical photosynthesis in which longer
wavelength, multi-photosystem series are used.Comment: 59 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, forthcoming in Astrobiology ~March
200
Communications Biophysics
Contains reports on five research projects.United States Air Force (Contract AF19(604)-4112)National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blindness (B369 Physiology
Size Effects in Carbon Nanotubes
The inter-shell spacing of multi-walled carbon nanotubes was determined by
analyzing the high resolution transmission electron microscopy images of these
nanotubes. For the nanotubes that were studied, the inter-shell spacing
is found to range from 0.34 to 0.39 nm, increasing with
decreasing tube diameter. A model based on the results from real space image
analysis is used to explain the variation in inter-shell spacings obtained from
reciprocal space periodicity analysis. The increase in inter-shell spacing with
decreased nanotube diameter is attributed to the high curvature, resulting in
an increased repulsive force, associated with the decreased diameter of the
nanotube shells.Comment: 4 pages. RevTeX. 4 figure
Communications Biophysics
Contains research objectives and reports on two research projects
Stigma as a fundamental hindrance to the United States opioid overdose crisis response.
Alexander Tsai and co-authors discuss the role of stigma in responses to the US opioid crisis
Detection of Excercise-Induced Ischemia by Measurement of NT-proBNP
Electrocardiographic exercise testing is the most widely used non-invasive screening test for coronary artery disease (CAD); however, both positive and negative predictive values for this procedure are hampered by relatively low sensitivity and specificity, leading to significant numbers of false negative and false positive studies. We hypothesized that NT-proBNP, a Neuro hormone secreted by cardiac myocytes in the ventricular wall in response to increased wall stress, would rise as a result of exercise-induced ischemia. If this were true, the enhancement of exercise testing by analysis of this plasma biomarker may offer significant improvement in the diagnostic accuracy of this procedure
Supersymmetry in quantum mechanics: An extended view
The concept of supersymmetry in a quantum mechanical system is extended,
permitting the recognition of many more supersymmetric systems, including very
familiar ones such as the free particle. Its spectrum is shown to be
supersymmetric, with space-time symmetries used for the explicit construction.
No fermionic or Grassmann variables need to be invoked. Our construction
extends supersymmetry to continuous spectra. Most notably, while the free
particle in one dimension has generally been regarded as having a doubly
degenerate continuum throughout, the construction clarifies taht there is a
single zero energy state at the base of the spectrum.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
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