75 research outputs found
Toward Psycho-robots
We try to perform geometrization of psychology by representing mental states,
>, by points of a metric space, >. Evolution of ideas is
described by dynamical systems in metric mental space. We apply the mental
space approach for modeling of flows of unconscious and conscious information
in the human brain. In a series of models, Models 1-4, we consider cognitive
systems with increasing complexity of psychological behavior determined by
structure of flows of ideas. Since our models are in fact models of the
AI-type, one immediately recognizes that they can be used for creation of
AI-systems, which we call psycho-robots, exhibiting important elements of human
psyche. Creation of such psycho-robots may be useful improvement of domestic
robots. At the moment domestic robots are merely simple working devices (e.g.
vacuum cleaners or lawn mowers) . However, in future one can expect demand in
systems which be able not only perform simple work tasks, but would have
elements of human self-developing psyche. Such AI-psyche could play an
important role both in relations between psycho-robots and their owners as well
as between psycho-robots. Since the presence of a huge numbers of
psycho-complexes is an essential characteristic of human psychology, it would
be interesting to model them in the AI-framework
Using the quantum probability ranking principle to rank interdependent documents
A known limitation of the Probability Ranking Principle (PRP) is that it does not cater for dependence between documents. Recently, the Quantum Probability Ranking Principle (QPRP) has been proposed, which implicitly captures dependencies between documents through “quantum interference”. This paper explores whether this new ranking principle leads to improved performance for subtopic retrieval, where novelty and diversity is required. In a thorough empirical investigation, models based on the PRP, as well as other recently proposed ranking strategies for subtopic retrieval (i.e. Maximal Marginal Relevance (MMR) and Portfolio Theory(PT)), are compared against the QPRP. On the given task, it is shown that the QPRP outperforms these other ranking strategies. And unlike MMR and PT, one of the main advantages of the QPRP is that no parameter estimation/tuning is required; making the QPRP both simple and effective. This research demonstrates that the application of quantum theory to problems within information retrieval can lead to significant improvements
Modeling Concept Combinations in a Quantum-theoretic Framework
We present modeling for conceptual combinations which uses the mathematical
formalism of quantum theory. Our model faithfully describes a large amount of
experimental data collected by different scholars on concept conjunctions and
disjunctions. Furthermore, our approach sheds a new light on long standing
drawbacks connected with vagueness, or fuzziness, of concepts, and puts forward
a completely novel possible solution to the 'combination problem' in concept
theory. Additionally, we introduce an explanation for the occurrence of quantum
structures in the mechanisms and dynamics of concepts and, more generally, in
cognitive and decision processes, according to which human thought is a well
structured superposition of a 'logical thought' and a 'conceptual thought', and
the latter usually prevails over the former, at variance with some widespread
beliefsComment: 5 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with
arXiv:1311.605
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Quantum probability in decision making from quantum information representation of neuronal states
The recent wave of interest to modeling the process of decision making with the aid of the quantum formalism gives rise to the following question: ‘How can neurons generate quantum-like statistical data?’ (There is a plenty of such data in cognitive psychology and social science.) Our model is based on quantum-like representation of uncertainty in generation of action potentials. This uncertainty is a consequence of complexity of electrochemical processes in the brain; in particular, uncertainty of triggering an action potential by the membrane potential. Quantum information state spaces can be considered as extensions of classical information spaces corresponding to neural codes; e.g., 0/1, quiescent/firing neural code. The key point is that processing of information by the brain involves superpositions of such states. Another key point is that a neuronal group performing some psychological function F is an open quantum system. It interacts with the surrounding electrochemical environment. The process of decision making is described as decoherence in the basis of eigenstates of F. A decision state is a steady state. This is a linear representation of complex nonlinear dynamics of electrochemical states. Linearity guarantees exponentially fast convergence to the decision state
Quantum effects in linguistic endeavors
Classifying the information content of neural spike trains in a linguistic
endeavor, an uncertainty relation emerges between the bit size of a word and
its duration. This uncertainty is associated with the task of synchronizing the
spike trains of different duration representing different words. The
uncertainty involves peculiar quantum features, so that word comparison amounts
to measurement-based-quantum computation. Such a quantum behavior explains the
onset and decay of the memory window connecting successive pieces of a
linguistic text. The behavior here discussed is applicable to other reported
evidences of quantum effects in human linguistic processes, so far lacking a
plausible framework, since either no efforts to assign an appropriate quantum
constant had been associated or speculating on microscopic processes dependent
on Planck's constant resulted in unrealistic decoherence times
Analyzing three-player quantum games in an EPR type setup
We use the formalism of Clifford Geometric Algebra (GA) to develop an
analysis of quantum versions of three-player non-cooperative games. The quantum
games we explore are played in an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) type setting.
In this setting, the players' strategy sets remain identical to the ones in the
mixed-strategy version of the classical game that is obtained as a proper
subset of the corresponding quantum game. Using GA we investigate the outcome
of a realization of the game by players sharing GHZ state, W state, and a
mixture of GHZ and W states. As a specific example, we study the game of
three-player Prisoners' Dilemma.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figure
Time as an operator/observable in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics
The nonrelativistic Schroedinger equation for motion of a structureless
particle in four-dimensional space-time entails a well-known expression for the
conserved four-vector field of local probability density and current that are
associated with a quantum state solution to the equation. Under the physical
assumption that each spatial, as well as the temporal, component of this
current is observable, the position in time becomes an operator and an
observable in that the weighted average value of the time of the particle's
crossing of a complete hyperplane can be simply defined: ... When the
space-time coordinates are (t,x,y,z), the paper analyzes in detail the case
that the hyperplane is of the type z=constant. Particles can cross such a
hyperplane in either direction, so it proves convenient to introduce an
indefinite metric, and correspondingly a sesquilinear inner product with
non-Hilbert space structure, for the space of quantum states on such a surface.
>... A detailed formalism for computing average crossing times on a z=constant
hyperplane, and average dwell times and delay times for a zone of interaction
between a pair of z=constant hyperplanes, is presented.Comment: 31 pages, no figures. Differs from published version by minor
corrections and additions, and two citation
Mental States Follow Quantum Mechanics During Perception and Cognition of Ambiguous Figures
Quantum information processes in protein microtubules of brain neurons
We study biologically ‘orchestrated’ coherent quantum processes in collections of protein microtubules of brain neurons, which correlate with, and regulate, neuronal synaptic and membrane activity. In this situation the continuous Schrodinger evolution of each such process terminates in accordance with the specific Diosi-Penrose (DP) scheme of ‘objective reduction’ (‘OR’) of the quantum state. This orchestrated OR activity (‘Orch OR’) is taken to result in moments of conscious awareness and/or choice. We analyze Orch OR in light of advances and developments in quantum physics, computational neuroscience and quantum biology. Much attention is also devoted to the ‘beat frequencies’ of faster microtubule vibrations as a possible source of the observed electroencephalographic (‘EEG’) correlates of consciousness
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