Corrigenda to and validation of Ozophora woodruffi Slater 2005 (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae)

Important missing specimen data are provided for the original description of Ozophora woodruffi Slater (2005: 245) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae), along with additional comparative relationships. Because of the missing type information, according to ICZN rules (1999), the species became a nomen nudum. This paper now serves to validate the name, and authorship becomes Slater (2012)

Water does partially dissociate on the perfect TiO2(110) surface : a quantitative structure determination

There has been a long-standing controversy as to whether water can dissociate on perfect areas of a TiO2(110) surface; most early theoretical work indicated this dissociation was facile, while experiments indicated little or no dissociation. More recently the consensus of most theoretical calculations is that no dissociation occurs. New results presented here, based on analysis of scanned-energy mode photoelectron diffraction data from the OH component of O 1s photoemission, show the coexistence of molecular water and OH species in both atop (OHt) and bridging (OHbr) sites. OHbr can arise from reaction with oxygen vacancy defect sites (Ovac), but OHt have only been predicted to arise from dissociation on the perfect areas of the surface. The relative concentrations of OHt and OHbr sites arising from these two dissociation mechanisms are found to be fully consistent with the initial concentration Ovac sites, while the associated Ti-O bondlengths of the OHt and OHbr species are found to be 1.85±0.08Å and 1.94±0.07 Å, respectively

Time lower bounds for nonadaptive turnstile streaming algorithms

We say a turnstile streaming algorithm is "non-adaptive" if, during updates, the memory cells written and read depend only on the index being updated and random coins tossed at the beginning of the stream (and not on the memory contents of the algorithm). Memory cells read during queries may be decided upon adaptively. All known turnstile streaming algorithms in the literature are non-adaptive. We prove the first non-trivial update time lower bounds for both randomized and deterministic turnstile streaming algorithms, which hold when the algorithms are non-adaptive. While there has been abundant success in proving space lower bounds, there have been no non-trivial update time lower bounds in the turnstile model. Our lower bounds hold against classically studied problems such as heavy hitters, point query, entropy estimation, and moment estimation. In some cases of deterministic algorithms, our lower bounds nearly match known upper bounds

The local adsorption structure of methylthiolate and butylthiolate on Au(1 1 1): a photoemission core-level shift investigation

Measurements of the core-level shifts in Au 4f photoemission spectra from Au(1 1 1) at different coverages of methylthiolate and butylthiolate are reported. Adsorption leads to two components in addition to that from the bulk, one at lower photoelectron binding energy attributed to surface atoms not bonded to thiolate species, while the second component has a higher binding energy and is attributed to Au atoms bonded to the surface thiolate. The relative intensities of these surface components for the saturation coverage (mainly (√3 × √3)R30°) phases are discussed in terms of different local adsorption sites in a well-ordered surface, and favour adsorption of the thiolate species atop Au adatoms. Alternative interpretations that might be consistent with an Au-adatom-dithiolate model are discussed, particularly in the context of the possible influence of reduced coverage associated with a disordered surface. Marked differences from previously-reported results for longer-chain alkylthiolate layers are highlighted

Photoelectron diffraction: from phenomenological demonstration to practical tool

The potential of photoelectron diffraction—exploiting the coherent interference of directly-emitted and elastically scattered components of the photoelectron wavefield emitted from a core level of a surface atom to obtain structural information—was first appreciated in the 1970s. The first demonstrations of the effect were published towards the end of that decade, but the method has now entered the mainstream armoury of surface structure determination. This short review has two objectives: First, to outline the way that the idea emerged and the way this evolved in my own collaboration with Neville Smith and his colleagues at Bell Labs in the early years: Second, to provide some insight into the current state-of-the art in application of (scanned-energy mode) photoelectron diffraction to address two key issue in quantitative surface structure determination, namely, complexity and precision. In this regard a particularly powerful aspect of photoelectron diffraction is its elemental and chemical-state specificity

Education In A Democracy

Education is of vital important in any form of government. We have seen by the example of dictatorship countries that the right kind of education is an absolute necessity. They had to have their ideas, no matter how twisted they might be, forced upon their people, before they could come as far as they have. The type of education a dictatorship should have is usually decided by the dictator, and is used to accomplish his individual desires. Education is of no less importance in a democracy. The educational system should be determined by the people, and the goal should be to produce intelligent individuals