273 research outputs found
Ferromagnetic resonance of a two-dimensional array of nanomagnets: Effects of surface anisotropy and dipolar interactions
We develop an analytical approach for studying the FMR frequency shift due to
dipolar interactions and surface effects in two-dimensional arrays of
nanomagnets with (effective) uniaxial anisotropy along the magnetic field. For
this we build a general formalism on the basis of perturbation theory that
applies to dilute assemblies but which goes beyond the point-dipole
approximation as it takes account of the size and shape of the nano-elements,
in addition to their separation and spatial arrangement. The contribution to
the frequency shift due to the shape and size of the nano-elements has been
obtained in terms of their aspect ratio, their separation and the lattice
geometry. We have also varied the size of the array itself and compared the
results with a semi-analytical model and reached an agreement that improves as
the size of the array increases. We find that the red-shift of the
ferromagnetic resonance due to dipolar interactions decreases for smaller
arrays. Surface effects may induce either a blue-shift or a red-shift of the
FMR frequency, depending on the crystal and magnetic properties of the
nano-elements themselves. In particular, some configurations of the
nano-elements assemblies may lead to a full compensation between surface
effects and dipole interactions.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure
Systematic computation of crystal field multiplets for X-ray core spectroscopies
We present a new approach to computing multiplets for core spectroscopies,
whereby the crystal field is constructed explicitly from the positions and
charges of surrounding atoms. The simplicity of the input allows the
consideration of crystal fields of any symmetry, and in particular facilitates
the study of spectroscopic effects arising from low symmetry environments. The
interplay between polarization directions and crystal field can also be
conveniently investigated. The determination of the multiplets proceeds from a
Dirac density functional atomic calculation, followed by the exact
diagonalization of the Coulomb, spin-orbit and crystal field interactions for
the electrons in the open shells. The eigenstates are then used to simulate
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy and Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering spectra.
In examples ranging from high symmetry down to low symmetry environment,
comparisons with experiments are done with unadjusted model parameters as well
as with semi-empirically optimized ones. Furthermore, predictions for the RIXS
of low-temperature MnO and for Dy in a molecular complex are proposed.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Orbital degeneracy as a source of frustration in LiNiO
Motivated by the absence of cooperative Jahn-Teller effect and of magnetic
ordering in LiNiO, a layered oxide with triangular planes, we study a
general spin-orbital model on the triangular lattice. A mean-field approach
reveals the presence of several singlet phases between the SU(4) symmetric
point and a ferromagnetic phase, a conclusion supported by exact
diagonalizations of finite clusters. We argue that one of the phases,
characterized by a large number of low-lying singlets associated to dimer
coverings of the triangular lattice, could explain the properties of LiNiO,
while a ferro-orbital phase that lies nearby in parameter space leads to a new
prediction for the magnetic properties of NaNiO.Comment: 18 pages, 17 figure
Cu -edge Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering in Edge-Sharing Cuprates
We present calculations for resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) in
edge-shared copper oxide systems, such as CuGeO and LiCuO,
appropriate for hard x-ray scattering where the photoexcited electron lies
above oxygen 2p and copper 3d orbital energies. We perform exact
diagonalizations of the multi-band Hubbard and determine the energies, orbital
character and resonance profiles of excitations which can be probed via RIXS.
We find excellent agreement with recent results on LiCuO and
CuGeO in the 2-7 eV photon energy loss range.Comment: Updated with new data, expanded 9 pages, 9 figure
Spin configurations in hard-soft coupled bilayer systems: from rigid magnet to exchange spring transitions
We investigate equilibrium properties of an exchange-spring magnetic system
constituted of a soft layer (e.g. Fe) of a given thickness on top of a hard
magnetic layer (e.g. FePt). The magnetization profile M(z) as a function of the
atomic position ranging from the bottom of the hard layer to the top of the
soft layer is obtained in two cases with regard to the hard layer: i) in the
case of a rigid interface (the FePt layer is a single layer), the profile is
obtained analytically as the exact solution of a sine-Gordon equation with
Cauchy's boundary conditions. Additional numerical simulations also confirm
this result. Asymptotic expressions of M(z) show a linear behavior near the
bottom and the top of the soft layer. In addition, a critical value of the
number of atomic planes in the soft layer, that is necessary for the onset of
spin deviations, is obtained in terms of the anisotropy and exchange coupling
between the adjacent plane in the soft layer. ii) in the case of a relaxed
interface (the FePt layer is a multilayer), the magnetization profile is
obtained numerically for various Fe and FePt films thicknesses and applied
field.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, PRB submitted (12-07-2010
A Systematic Study of Electron-Phonon Coupling to Oxygen Modes Across the Cuprates
The large variations of T across the cuprate families is one of the major
unsolved puzzles in condensed matter physics, and is poorly understood.
Although there appears to be a great deal of universality in the cuprates,
several orders of magnitude changes in T can be achieved through changes in
the chemical composition and structure of the unit cell. In this paper we
formulate a systematic examination of the variations in electron-phonon
coupling to oxygen phonons in the cuprates, incorporating a number of effects
arising from several aspects of chemical composition and doping across cuprate
families. It is argued that the electron-phonon coupling is a very sensitive
probe of the material-dependent variations of chemical structure, affecting the
orbital character of the band crossing the Fermi level, the strength of local
electric fields arising from structural-induced symmetry breaking, doping
dependent changes in the underlying band structure, and ionicity of the crystal
governing the ability of the material to screen -axis perturbations. Using
electrostatic Ewald calculations and known experimental structural data, we
establish a connection between the material's maximal T at optimal doping
and the strength of coupling to -axis modes. We demonstrate that materials
with the largest coupling to the out-of-phase bond-buckling (``")
oxygen phonon branch also have the largest T's. In light of this
observation we present model T calculations using a two-well model where
phonons work in conjunction with a dominant pairing interaction, presumably due
to spin fluctuations, indicating how phonons can generate sizeable enhancements
to T despite the relatively small coupling strengths. Combined, these
results can provide a natural framework for understanding the doping and
material dependence of T across the cuprates.Comment: 29 Pages, 21 Figures, Submitted to PR
The CXCL12/CXCR4 Axis Plays a Critical Role in Coronary Artery Development
The chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 have many functions during embryonic and post-natal life. We used murine models to investigate the role of CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling in cardiac development and found that embryonic Cxcl12-null hearts lacked intra-ventricular coronary arteries (CAs) and exhibited absent or misplaced CA stems. We traced the origin of this phenotype to defects in the early stages of CA stem formation. CA stems derive from the peritruncal plexus, an encircling capillary network that invades the wall of the developing aorta. We showed that CXCL12 is present at high levels in the outflow tract, while peritruncal endothelial cells (ECs) express CXCR4. In the absence of CXCL12, ECs were abnormally localized and impaired in their ability to anastomose with the aortic lumen. We propose that CXCL12 is required for connection of peritruncal plexus ECs to the aortic endothelium and thus plays a vital role in CA formation
Unraveling the Nature of Charge Excitations in LaCuO with Momentum-Resolved Cu -edge Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering
Results of model calculations using exact diagonalization reveal the orbital
character of states associated with different Raman loss peaks in Cu -edge
resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) from LaCuO. The model
includes electronic orbitals necessary to highlight non-local Zhang-Rice
singlet, charge transfer and - excitations, as well as states with apical
oxygen 2 character. The dispersion of these excitations is discussed with
prospects for resonant final state wave-function mapping. A good agreement with
experiments emphasizes the substantial multi-orbital character of RIXS profiles
in the energy transfer range 1-6 eV.Comment: Original: 4.5 pages. Replaced: 4 pages and 4 figures with updated
content and reference
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