Simultaneous Interpreting : Characteristic of Autonomic Provision of Extreme Cognitive Loads

Simultaneous interpreting is one of the most comprehensive and energy-consuming types of cognitive activity. To work successfully, a simultaneous interpreter must have a specific functional state. The aim of our study was to find out the basic mechanisms of this functional state, the effect of the simultaneous interpreting on cognitive function changes, and the main factors influencing the degree of the regulatory systems strain. Materials and Methods. 33 individuals participated in the study: 22 linguists specially trained in simultaneous translation composed the experimental group and 11 language-qualified people having no skills of simultaneous translation represented the control group. In compliance with the study design, the measurements were performed under the conditions similar to the real work of simultaneous interpreters: the participants working in succession performed professional tasks: shadowing in the native and foreign languages (German and English), simultaneous interpretation of the reports from the native language to the foreign, and vice versa. The interpreters were psychologically tested using ApWay.ru Web platform before and after the performance on the professional tasks: computer campimetry, test for a simple sensorimotor activity, Stroop test, and test for emotional disadaptation level. Cardiointervalogram was telemetrically recorded during the entire experiment. Results. Some specific aspects of autonomic provision of simultaneous interpreting have been unraveled. A significantly greater tension of the autonomic regulation is manifested by the simultaneous interpreters compared to the control group. It was most prominent when translation was done from the foreign language. The total level of stress during the performance on the linguistic tasks appeared to be higher in the control group. In the simultaneous interpreters, in contrast to the control group, there was registered a high activity level of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems and a marked integration of the cardiac rhythm regulation circuits over the entire period of performing the linguistic tasks. The psychological tests have demonstrated a significantly more confident cognitive control relative to the control group. Thus, a specific functional system has been formed in the simultaneous interpreters providing a successful interaction of various information images (or codes) and consolidation of autonomic and cognitive resources during the performance on professional tasks. Lack of the necessary skills and, consequently, of the task-oriented functional system in the participants of the control group resulted in the enhancement of the non-specific (less effective) stress response.Peer reviewe

North-south asymmetry of geomagnetic and tropospheric events

The influences of the solar plasma on geomagnetic and atmospheric phenomena are considered. There are the north-south asymmetry in the reaction of the geomagnetic field, of the geopotential and of the pressure in the magnetically conjugate points relative to the direction of the interplanetary magnetic field. There are the synchronism between direction of the meridinal component of wind at the level of the tropopause and the direction of the interplanetary magnetic field. © 1974

Provision of Biological Safety in the Territory of the Republic of Tatarstan during Preparation and Holding of FIFA World Cup-2018 in Kazan

Objective – assessment of effectiveness of the measures for biological safety provision at potentially hazardous facilities in the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan in the process of preparation and holding of FIFA World Cup-2018 in Kazan. Materials and methods. Regulatory-legal acts covering the requirements to the provision of biological safety during the work with pathogenic biological agents, international guidelines and documents determining inter-agency collaboration between the Rospotrebnadzor Administration in the Republic of Tatarstan and other departments and inter-agency task forces (Office of the Federal Security Bureau of Russia in the Republic of Tatarstan, Counter-Terrorism Commission in the Republic of Tatarstan, etc) were studied. Results and discussion. Considered were managerial-methodological approaches and matters of inter-agency cooperation on biological safety provision during preparation and holding of FIFA World Cup-2018 in Kazan. Biological safety was examined through the prism of its provision while working with pathogenic biological agents at potentially hazardous biological facilities and  counterterrorism integrity of the objects. The guiding, directive document in the performance of the complex of measures on biological safety provision and inter-agency collaboration was the Order of the President of the Russian Federation dated May 09, 2017 No 202 “On peculiarities of application of reinforced security measures during holding of FIFA World Cup-2018 and FIFA Confederations Cup-2017 in Russia”. As the result of the measures conducted, biological safety, including counter-terrorism security of potentially hazardous biological objects and sanitary-epidemiological welfare, was fully provided

Why do we need early ortodontics?

Цель исследования — продемонстрировать преимущества раннего ортодонтического лечения

Возможности ультразвукового исследования в диагностике и дифференциальной диагностике бокового амиотрофического склероза: обзор литературы

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease with a steady and rapid progression, manifested, in addition to the loss of strength of the muscles of the limbs and trunk, the development of fatal bulbar and respiratory disorders. Due to the need for early detection of this pathology, a large number of diagnostic tests have been proposed, which make it possible to suspect a motor neuron disease in a patient with a high probability. However, due to the polymorphic clinical picture of the disease, currently there are diagnostic situations in which existing methods do not allow to establish a reliable diagnosis or it becomes possible only at the later stages of the disease. This review examines the modern possibilities of ultrasound examination of peripheral nerves and muscles in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Боковой амиотрофический склероз является нейродегенеративным заболеванием с неуклонным и быстрым прогрессированием, проявляющимся, помимо утраты силы мышц конечностей и туловища, развитием фатальных бульбарных и дыхательных нарушений. В связи с необходимостью раннего выявления данной патологии было предложено большое количество диагностических тестов, позволяющих с высокой вероятностью заподозрить у пациента болезнь двигательного нейрона. Однако в связи с полиморфной клинической картиной заболевания в настоящее время остаются диагностические ситуации, при которых существующие методики не позволяют установить достоверный диагноз или позволяют это сделать лишь на поздних этапах заболевания. В данном обзоре рассматриваются современные возможности ультразвукового исследования периферических нервов и мышц в диагностике и дифференциальной диагностике бокового амиотрофического склероза

Эффективность локальной инъекционной терапии и ортезирования лучезапястного сустава при идиопатическом карпальном туннельном синдроме средней степени тяжести: результаты рандомизированного клинического исследования

Background. Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common compression mononeuropathy. The choice of the preferred conservative treatment method is still relevant, especially for the patients with the moderate severity of the disease. Objective: to perform a comparative study of the effectiveness of local injection therapy and wrist splinting in idiopathic moderate carpal tunnel syndrome; to assess the duration of the clinical effect in the follow‑up period to 6 months. Materials and methods. The study included 105 cases of moderate idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. Patients were randomized to 2 groups depending on the treatment method: the main group (n = 54) received 1 or 2 ultrasound‑guided injections with glucocorticosteroid (betamethasone 5 mg + 2 mg/1.0 ml) and lidocaine 2 % 1.0 ml into the carpal canal; the control group (n = 51) was assigned wrist splinting at night for 1 month. The primary criterion for therapy effectiveness was evaluation by clinical scales (SSS, FSS, LANSS, Visual Analogue Scale) after 1 month from the treatment initiation. A secondary criterion for the therapy effectiveness was the assessment of changes in electrophysiological and neurosonographic parameters.Results. The scores for SSS, FSS, LANSS and Visual Analogue Scale were significantly lower at 1 month in the injection therapy group than in the splinting group (p <0.0001). A significant change in the electrophysiological parameters of the median nerve (a decrease the distal motor and sensory latency, an increase in the Mand S‑response amplitude, an increase in sensory conduction velocity on the hand) and a significant decrease in the cross‑sectional area of the median nerve at the level of the pisiform bone was noted only in the local injection therapy group. The average duration of the local injection therapy clinical effect surpassed the splinting one and reached 4 months.Conclusion. After 1 month from the start of the treatment, the local injection therapy demonstrated a higher clinical efficacy compared to the wrist splinting, the average duration of the effect reached 4 months. This conservative treatment method is preferred for the patients with moderate idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome.Введение. Карпальный туннельный синдром (КТС) является наиболее частой компрессионной мононевропатией. Вопросы предпочтительного метода консервативного лечения остаются актуальными, особенно для пациентов со средней степенью тяжести заболевания.Цель исследования – выполнить сравнительное исследование эффективности локальной инъекционной терапии и ортезирования лучезапястного сустава при идиопатическом КТС средней степени тяжести, оценить продолжительность клинического эффекта в периоде наблюдения до 6 мес.Материалы и методы. В исследование вошло 105 случаев идиопатического КТС средней степени тяжести. Пациенты были рандомизированы в 2 группы в зависимости от проводимого лечения: основная группа (n = 54) получила 1 или 2 инъекции с глюкокортикостероидом (бетаметазон 5 мг + 2 мг/1,0 мл) и лидокаином 2 % 1,0 мл под ультразвуковым контролем в запястный канал; контрольной группе (n = 51) было назначено ортезирование лучезапястного сустава в ночные часы в течение 1 мес. Первичным критерием эффективности терапии была оценка по клиническим шкалам (SSS, FSS, LANSS, визуально‑аналоговая шкала боли) через 1 мес от начала лечения, вторичным критерием эффективности – оценка изменений электрофизиологических и нейросонографических параметров.Результаты. Через 1 мес после лечения оценки по SSS, FSS, LANSS и визуально‑аналоговой шкале боли в группе инъекционной терапии оказались значимо ниже, чем в группе ортезирования (p <0,0001). Достоверное изменение электрофизиологических показателей срединного нерва (укорочение дистальной латентности Ми S‑ответа, увеличение амплитуды Ми S‑ответа, увеличение сенсорной скорости распространения возбуждения на кисти) и значимое уменьшение площади поперечного сечения срединного нерва на уровне гороховидной кости были отмечены только в группе локальной инъекционной терапии. Средняя продолжительность клинического эффекта локальной инъекционной терапии оказалась больше, чем ортезирования, и составила 4 мес.Заключение. Через 1 мес от начала лечения локальная инъекционная терапия продемонстрировала более высокую клиническую эффективность по сравнению с ортезированием лучезапястного сустава, продолжительность эффекта составила в среднем 4 мес. Данный метод консервативного лечения является предпочтительным для пациентов с идиопатическим КТС средней степени тяжести

ОНКОМАРКЕРЫ СА 125, НЕ 4 КАК ПРЕДИКТОРНЫЕ ФАКТОРЫ ПРОГНОЗА У БОЛЬНЫХ С ПОГРАНИЧНЫМИ ОПУХОЛЯМИ ЯИЧНИКОВ

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between serum levels of tumor markers СА 125 and НЕ 4 and disease stage, histological type as well as treatment in patients with borderline ovarian tumors. Materials and methods. Thirty patients with borderline ovarian tumors were retrospectively studied. The control group consisted of 70 patients with ovarian cancer and 30 healthy women. Results. Expression levels of СА 125 and НЕ were higher in patients with borderline tumors than in healthy women. In patients with stage I-II borderline ovarian tumors, СА 125 and НЕ 4 levels were similar to those observed in patients with ovarian cancer. However, in patients with stage III borderline ovarian tumors. After completing treatment, a significant reduction in the expression of СА 125 and НЕ 4 markers occurred. Conclusion. Tumor markers HE4 and CA125 can be predictive factors for tumor response to therapy and the tool for detecting patients at high risk for ovarian cancer

Полимеризация стирола в присутствии кремнийорганических ПАВ различной природы

The characteristics of polymer suspensions received in the presence of different siliconorganic detergents were compared. The polymer suspensions have the narrow distribution of particles by size and contain the functional groups on their surface.Проведено сравнение свойств полимерных суспензий, полученных с использованием кремнийорганических ПАВ различного строения. Полученные полимерные суспензии характеризуются узким распределением по размерам и содержат на своей поверхности функциональные группы

Preparation and characterization of stable aqueous suspensions of up-converting Er3+/Yb3+-doped LiNbO3 nanocrystals

The preparation of LiNbO3:Er3+/Yb3+ nanocrystals and their up-conversion properties have been studied. It is demonstrated that polyethyleneimine- (PEI) assisted dispersion procedures allow obtaining stable aqueous LiNbO3:Er3+/Yb3+ powder suspensions, with average size particles well below the micron range (100–200 nm) and the isoelectric point of the suspension reaching values well above pH 7. After excitation of Yb3+ ions at a wavelength of 980 nm, the suspensions exhibit efficient, and stable, IR-to-visible (green and red) up-conversion properties, easily observed by the naked eye, very similar to those of the starting crystalline bulk material

Vitamin D provision in children of different age groups during the winter season

The paper gives an update on the biological role of vitamin D in the human body, its metabolic pathways, and potential abnormalities resulting in reduced provision.Objective: to determine vitamin D provision in the children of Kazan during the winter season.Examinations were made in 309 children, including 171 infants aged 1 month to 3 years and 138 children 6 to 18 years of age. Serum 25(OH)D levels were determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay at the EFiS Research Center (Moscow). In infants under 3 years of age, the mean 25(OH)D values were 18,2±1,0 ng/ml, while only 14,8% of the patients were found to have normal 25(OH) D values of (more than 30 ng/ml) and the rest had vitamin D metabolite insufficiency or deficiency. The winter vitamin D level was consistent with the normal ones in 11,2% of the schoolers, lower in 122 (88,8%) children; the provision of vitamin D was at its deficiency level (less than 10 ng/ml) in 33 (24%) children. The findings suggest that it is necessary to prescribe vitamin D for all children under the age of 18 during winter and autumn. It is best to determine the initial level of the metabolite and to use its dose corresponding to that of vitamin D