Measurements of moon's radiation fluxes in the infrared and in the visible regions of the spectrum on the AMS Luna-10

Moon radiation flux measurements in infrared and visible spectral regions from Luna 1

Reconstruction of unbroken vasculature of mouse by varying the slope of the scan plane in MRI

Reconstruction of vascular net of small laboratory animals from MRI data is associated with some problems. This paper proposes a method of MRI data processing which allows to eliminate the fragmentation of reconstructed vascular net. Problem of vessels fragmentation occurs in the case when vessels are parallel to the scanning plane. Our approach is based on multiple scanning, object under consideration is probed by several sets of parallel planes. The algorithm is applied to real MRI data of small laboratory animals and shows good results

Possibilities of combined nasal drugs in symptomatic therapy of allergic rhinitis in adolescent children

This article provides an overview of current views on the problem of allergic rhinitis (AR) in children. Modern data on the epidemiology of AR and the main comorbid conditions are highlighted. It has been noted that adolescence is the peak incidence of AR. Despite the similar clinical manifestations of AR in adolescent children, it should be borne in mind that patients in this age group represent a unique population with needs and perceptions of problems that are different from those of adults and young children. Mental perception of the symptoms of the disease is more often more pronounced in adolescents than in other age groups. This manifests itself in a large negative impact on both sleep and rest patterns, as well as on learning activity and exam results. The work of a doctor with patients of this age group requires the most rationalized approach. Based on the data of the latest consensus documents, the role of I and II generation antihistamines, intranasal antihistamines and intranasal glucocorticosteroids was assessed. The possibilities of symptomatic therapy of symptomatic moderate and severe AR with the help of nasal sprays based on a fixed combination of intranasal glucocorticosteroids and antihistamines have been evaluated in more detail. The available data from clinical studies of the use of a nasal spray based on a fixed combination of mometasone furoate and olopatadine are reviewed. Based on the above material, it was concluded that nasal sprays of a fixed combination of mometasone furoate and olopatadine are effective means of starting therapy for moderate to severe seasonal and perennial AR in children over 12 years of age. Such combination drugs can reduce the severity of AR symptoms with a relatively low risk of developing adverse events

Topical antibiotics for acute rhinosinusitis in children

The authors presented an overview of the existing data on inhalation therapy with antibacterial drugs in acute rhinosinusitis and exacerbation of chronic rhinosinusitis in children. The overview includes general information about the etiology and features of the course of acute rhinosinusitis. It also contains indications for systemic and topical antibiotic therapy in acute rhinosinusitis specified in the Russian clinical guidelines. The advantages of using a combination preparation of thiampheni-col and N-acetylcysteine by inhalation therapy for acute rhinosinusitis in children and adults are considered separately. A clinical case of a 15-year-old female patient with complaints of persistent rhinitis over the past 4-5 years is discussed. Historical information: a patient had a runny nose over the last 4-5 years: persistent, viscous nasal discharge with moderate nasal congestion. Nasal symptoms worsened with episodes of acute respiratory illness, and nasal discharge became mucopurulent. The child was preliminarily diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis (incomplete remission), moderate course. To reduce the severity of the symptoms of the disease, which were present at the time of examination, the following were recommended: daily one-to-two irrigation of the nasal cavity with slightly hypertonic (1.5-3%) solutions of sea water, followed by a toilet of the nasal cavity; in case of episodes of colds with the appearance of mucopurulent secretions, inhalation therapy in a pulsating mode of the inhaler with a solution of thiamphenicol and N-acetylcysteine at a dose of 500 mg once a day (in the first half of the day) for the next 10 days and further; the use of a nasal spray of mometasone furoate, 200 mcg per day during inhalation therapy for another 3 weeks. At the follow-up examination after 10 days of treatment, the patient reported a significant decrease in the severity of nasal symptoms, which coincided with an improvement in the rhinoscopic status. It can be concluded that the use of topical antibacterial drugs by inhalation therapy for acute rhinosinusitis, despite all its advantages, is not an equivalent substitute for systemic antibiotic therapy in the treatment of severe and especially complicated forms of the disease. The inhalation therapy is recommended in the presence of indications for systemic antibiotic therapy, since it is an auxiliary method of treatment, the action of which is aimed at enhancing the effect of systemic antibiotics

Acute ischemic stroke lesion segmentation in non-contrast CT images using 3D convolutional neural networks

In this paper, an automatic algorithm aimed at volumetric segmentation of acute ischemic stroke lesion in non-contrast computed tomography brain 3D images is proposed. Our deep-learning approach is based on the popular 3D U-Net convolutional neural network architecture, which was modified by adding the squeeze-and-excitation blocks and residual connections. Robust pre-processing methods were implemented to improve the segmentation accuracy. Moreover, a specific patches sampling strategy was used to address the large size of medical images, to smooth out the effect of the class imbalance problem and to stabilize neural network training. All experiments were performed using five-fold cross-validation on the dataset containing non-contrast computed tomography volumetric brain scans of 81 patients diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke. Two radiology experts manually segmented images independently and then verified the labeling results for inconsistencies. The quantitative results of the proposed algorithm and obtained segmentation were measured by the Dice similarity coefficient, sensitivity, specificity and precision metrics. Our proposed model achieves an average Dice of $0.628\pm0.033$, sensitivity of $0.699\pm0.039$, specificity of $0.9965\pm0.0016$ and precision of $0.619\pm0.036$, showing promising segmentation results.Comment: 18 pages, 4 figures, 2 table

ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ МАГНИТНО-РЕЗОНАНСНОЙ ТОМОГРАФИИ В КОМПЛЕКСНОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКЕ ТРОМБОТИЧЕСКИХ ПОРАЖЕНИЙ ВНУТРИЧЕРЕПНЫХ СИНУСОВ И ВНУТРЕННИХ ЯРЕМНЫХ ВЕН

The article is devoted to the up-to-date literature data about the potentialities of magnetic resonance imaging and its applications for clinical diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis. Routine magnetic resonance imaging with phase-contrast magnetic resonance angiography enables fast and accurate measurement of blood flow velocities and visualizes parenchymal abnormalities. We describe here the main clinical features and the MRI characteristics of collateral drainage and flow velocity data in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis.Эта статья рассматривает данные современной литературы о возможностях магнитно-резонансной томографии и ее приложений для клинической диагностики церебрального венозного тромбоза. Рутинная магнитно-резонансная томография в сочетании с фазоконтрастной магнитно-резонансной ангиографией позволяет быстро и точно измерять скорости кровотока и визуализировать изменения вещества головного мозга. Мы описываем основные клинические признаки и характеристики коллатерального кровотока и гемодинамики у пациентов с церебральным венозным тромбозом

Инновационные и научно-технологические приоритеты грузового железнодорожного транспорта

Seven main priorities for development of rail cargo transportation are emerging in the context of an active intensification of scientific and technological development cycles, widespread digitalisation of business processes and an increase in competition in the transport industry. A key element of increasing the attractiveness of rail cargo transportation is its innovative, scientific, and technological development, especially in terms of increasing customer focus. Today, the principles of customer focus in the field of railway transportation of goods are among core factors in competitiveness of railway carriers. This issue is particularly relevant for the Russian Federation that owns a high potential for development of transit routes thanks to its advantageous geographic location. This fact determines attractiveness of railway transportation for cargo haulage customers. The image of future scientific and technological development of railway cargo traffic is formed under the influence of such trends as development of heavy-haul rail traffic, international container transportation, proactive introduction of digital technologies for interacting with customers and monitoring the condition of rolling stock, the provision of services within a single transport and information space, increase in margins and environmental safety of transportation. Digital transformation of the transportation process is among high priorities, which is explained through the importance of maintaining safety of transportation, increasing the transit capacity of the railway network and development of an integrated system for ensuring openness of data to provide customers with all the necessary information. Another priority area serves to increase the economic efficiency of cargo traffic by achieving growth in the share of high-margin goods. Such goods may include pharmaceutical and perishable products, information and communication, electronic and radio-electronic products, etc. An increase in the share of such transportation with a decrease in the volume of coal/oil transportation also has a positive effect on external appearance of the railway company for external investors. The image of the future of rail cargo transportation is largely dependent on various external and internal factors having effect on the industry. Besides, it depends on the emerging macro-trends in the global economy, which determine a certain vector for development of the railway industry. The study, to achieve its purposes, has widely used qualitative research methods and bibliometric analysis of scientific literature, international strategic and program documents of the industry and its companies. Рассмотрено семь основных приоритетов развития грузового железнодорожного транспорта, формирующихся в условиях активной интенсификации циклов научно-технологического развития, повсеместной цифровизации бизнес-процессов и ростом конкуренции в транспортной отрасли. Одним из ключевых элементов увеличения привлекательности грузового железнодорожного транспорта является его инновационное и научно-технологическое развитие, особенно в части повышения клиентоориентированности. На сегодняшний день принципы клиентоориентированности в сфере железнодорожной транспортировки грузов являются одним из ключевых факторов конкурентоспособности железнодорожных перевозчиков. Этот вопрос особо актуален и для Российской Федерации, которая обладает высоким потенциалом развития транзитного направления благодаря выгодному географическому положению. Данный факт обуславливает привлекательность железнодорожного транспорта для клиентов грузовых перевозок. Образ будущего научно-технологического развития грузовых железнодорожных перевозок формируют такие направления, как развитие тяжеловесного движения и международных контейнерных перевозок, активное внедрение цифровых технологий для взаимодействия с клиентами и мониторинга состояния подвижного состава, предоставление услуг в едином транспортном и информационном пространстве, повышение маржинальности и экологической безопасности перевозок. Одним из важнейших приоритетов является цифровая трансформация перевозочного процесса, важность которой связана с обеспечением безопасности перевозок, повышением пропускной способности железнодорожной сети и формированием комплексной системы обеспечения открытости данных для предоставления клиентам всей необходимой информации. Другим приоритетным направлением является повышение экономической эффективности грузовых перевозок за счёт увеличения доли высокомаржинальных товаров. К таким товарам может относиться фармацевтическая и скоропортящаяся продукция, информационно-коммуникационная, электронная и радиоэлектронная продукция и др. Увеличение доли таких перевозок при снижении объёмов перевозки угля/нефти также положительно сказывается на внешнем облике железнодорожной компании для зарубежных инвесторов. Образ будущего грузовых железнодорожных перевозок во многом зависит от различных внешних и внутренних факторов, реализуемых в отрасли. Кроме того, он зависит от формирующихся в мировой экономике макротрендов, обуславливающих определённый вектор развития железнодорожной отрасли. В рамках исследования для достижения цели широко применялись качественные методы исследования и библиометрический анализ научной литературы, международных стратегических и программных документов отраслевого и корпоративного уровня.