Limited Projection 3D X-Ray Tomography Using the Maximum Entropy Method

It is well known from physics that the reconstruction of physical quantities from experimental data is often obstructed by incomplete information, the presence of noise and the ill-posed nature of the inversion problem. It was shown [1] that a Bayesian reconstruction (BR) in terms of the Maximum Entropy Method (MEM) combined with unbiased a priori knowledge, if available, is one way to overcome the difficulties. Similar problems occur while extracting useful information from incomplete data sets in technical applications. The solution of the deduced iteration procedure, if converged, gives the most probable one among all possible solutions. In case of radiographic techniques difficulties occur if there is no free access around the object or if the number of available radiographic projections is limited due to other reasons like restricted maximum exposure as often required for medical applications or economical aspects. This situation, characterized by a significant lack of data, makes it impossible to apply reconstruction algorithms which are usually used for computer tomography (CT). Other reconstruction algorithms can be found by introducing prior information (compare [1–6]) about the object and the structures of interest. Those algorithms meet practical requirements like robustness, reduction of experimental and numerical effort, or others. For NDE applications, e.g. the inspection of welds or castings, prior knowledge can be introduced from a practical point of view by assuming a binary or multi-material structure. This reduces significantly the number of permissible solutions and therefore the number of required radiographie projections.</p

Creation of Technology for Microbial Protein Obtaining on the Basis of the Yeast Fungi Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Микробная биомасса может быть использована для производства продуктов питания и кормов для животных благодаря высокому содержанию белков. В результате обзора технологии получения микробного белка за основу субстрата были выбраны дрожжевые грибы Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Разработана технологическая схема по получению микробного белка из дрожжевых грибов Saccharomyces cerevisiae. При разработке технологической схемы учитывались ранее разработанные технологии получения микробного белка. В результате проведенного анализа литературных данных для получения высокой массовой доли белка были использованы протеолитические ферменты протосубтилин, папаин и бромелайн. Высокое содержание белка в полученном белковом препарате отмечается при использовании фермента бромелайн.Microbial proteins, that is, single-celled proteins or microbial biomass, can be grown for the production of food and animal feed due to the high level of protein. As a result of a review of the technology for obtaining microbial protein, the yeast fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae were chosen as the basis for the substrate. The technological scheme for obtaining microbial protein from yeast fungi Saccharomyces cerevisiae was developed. At development of the technological scheme previously developed technologies of reception of microbial protein were taken into account. As a result of the analysis of literature data, proteolytic enzymes protosubtilin, papain and bromelain were used to obtain a high mass fraction of protein. The high protein content in the obtained protein preparation is observed when using the bromelain enzyme

Characterization of Coupled Ground State and Excited State Equilibria by Fluorescence Spectral Deconvolution

Fluorescence probes with multiparametric response based on the relative variation in the intensities of several emission bands are of great general utility. An accurate interpretation of the system requires the determination of the number, positions and intensities of the spectral components. We have developed a new algorithm for spectral deconvolution that is applicable to fluorescence probes exhibiting a two-state ground-state equilibrium and a two-state excited-state reaction. Three distinct fluorescence emission bands are resolved, with a distribution of intensities that is excitation-wavelength-dependent. The deconvolution of the spectrum into individual components is based on their representation as asymmetric Siano-Metzler log-normal functions. The application of the algorithm to the solvation response of a 3-hydroxychromone (3HC) derivative that exhibits an H-bonding-dependent excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction allowed the separation of the spectral signatures characteristic of polarity and hydrogen bonding. This example demonstrates the ability of the method to characterize two potentially uncorrelated parameters characterizing dye environment and interactions

Comparative efficacy of ace inhibitor spirapril in hypertensive patients from various age groups

The authors compared antihypertensive efficacy of spirapril (Quadropril®) in two age groups: patients with arterial hypertension (AH) aged under 55 or over 55 years. Analyzing 24-hour blood pressure (BP) monitoring data, the authors demonstrated that spirapril (Quadropril®) was more effective in younger age group, that manifested in greater BP reduction and improved circadian BP rhythm