Local postinjection injurious subcutaneous tissue arising in injections solutions with different medicines osmotic activity

In 50 patients with subcutaneous injections of anesthesiology-resuscitation and 40 piglets vivarium solution 17 drugs with hypo-, iso-and giperosmotic activity features investigated rassasyvaniya postinjection medication infiltratis and formation of local lesions. It was found that when piercing interstitial tissues may bruise and bleeding due to injury to needle injection of blood vessels, and when medical infiltrirovanii tissue may be irritation, inflammation and necrosis due to excessive activity gyperosmotic solutions. Shown that the aggressiveness of local injection, and their damaging dehydrating effect may be due to excessive gyperosmotic due to the high total concentration of dissolved components, and to prevent local toxicity postinjection require dilution with water for injection of fluids until izoosmotic level.При подкожных инъекциях 50 пациентам отделения анестезиологии-реанимации и 40 поросятам вивария растворов 17 лекарственных средств с гипо-, изо- и гиперосмотической активностью исследованы особенности рассасывания постинъекционных медикаментозных инфильтратов и формирования локальных повреждений. Установлено, что при прокалывании тканей возможно внутритканевое кровотечение и кровоподтек из-за ранения инъекционной иглой кровеносных сосудов, а при медикаментозном инфильтрировании клетчатки возможно ее раздражение, воспаление и некроз из-за чрезмерной гиперосмотической активности растворов. Показано, что локальная агрессивность растворов для инъекций и их повреждающее действие могут быть обусловлены чрезмерной гиперосмотичностью из-за высокой суммарной концентрации растворенных компонентов, поэтому для предотвращения постинъекционных повреждений требуется предварительное разведение растворов или немедленное обкалывание возникшего медикаментозного инфильтрата водой для инъекции вплоть до изоосмотического уровня

Enthalpy of formation of ye’elimite and ternesite

Calcium sulfoaluminate clinkers containing ye’elimite (Ca4Al6O12(SO4)) and ternesite (Ca5(SiO4)2SO4) are being widely investigated as components of calcium sulfoaluminate cement clinkers. These may become low energy replacements for Portland cement. Conditional thermodynamic data for ye’elimite and ternesite (enthalpy of formation) have been determined experimentally using a combination of techniques: isothermal conduction calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. The enthalpies of formation of ye’elimite and ternesite at 25 °C were determined to be − 8523 and − 5993 kJ mol−1, respectively

Production and hydration of calcium sulfoaluminate-belite cements derived from aluminium anodising sludge

Calcium sulfoaluminate-belite cement (CSAB) offers lower CO2 emissions in its production, compared with Portland cement. However, for the production of CSAB a high amount of alumina is required, and the scarcity and high cost of high-purity bauxite make these cements costly at present. In this study, the use of uncalcined aluminium anodising sludge (AAS) as the main source of alumina to produce CSAB clinkers, replacing bauxite, was assessed. The CSAB clinkers produced were mainly composed of ye’elimite and belite, along with minor traces of alite, and/or brownmillerite, depending on the alumina source. Clinkers derived from AAS as a source of aluminium showed a lower content of ye’elimite (35.5%), as well as the formation of alite (8.2%) when compared to a reference clinker produced with reagent-grade materials. Comparable hydration products were identified in the hydrated cements independent of the alumina source used. The use of AAS to produce CSAB cement was proven to be technically feasible, and the cement thus produced has desirable technical characteristics, presenting high mechanical strength (>40 MPa in paste samples)

TECHNOLOGICAL FEATURES OF COMBINED DEVELOPMENT OF UPHORNY DEPOSITS

In this article, in the basis of the analysis of sources, the technological features of openunderground mining of upland deposits are revealed. The main factors influencing the effectiveness of open-underground mining have been determined, which will need to be taken into account when making design decisions to determine the boundaries of open-underground works