Local host-dependent persistence of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae used to control the large pine weevil Hylobius abietis

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) applied inundatively to suppress insect pests are more likely to persist and establish in stable agroecosystems than in annual crops. We investigated a system of intermediate stability: three stumps harbouring the large pine weevil (Hylobius abietis L.; Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a major European forestry pest. We tested whether persistence of EPN Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) applied around stumps is maintained by recycling of EPN through pine weevils developing within stumps. Steinernema carpocapsae was detected in soil around and under the bark of treated tree stumps up to two years, but not 4–5 years after application. Differences in nematode presence between sites were better explained by tree species (pine or spruce) than soil type (mineral or peat). Presence of S. carpocapsae in soil was positively correlated with the number of H. abietis emerging from untreated stumps the previous year, which was greater for pine stumps than spruce stumps

Molecular characterisation of entomopathogenic nematodes isolated in Italy by PCR-RFLP analysis of the ITS region of the ribosomal DNA repeat unit

The ITS region of 44 Italian strains of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) belonging to two species isolated during the last ten years in southern Italy was amplified by PCR and the resulting products were digested with nine different enzymes; the fragments generated were then separated by agarose electrophoresis. The strains were previously identified by morphological examination using morphometric data. For many of the strains, RFLP analysis confirmed morphological identification (as Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) but, for some, RFLP analysis revealed differences when compared with the results from morphometric examinations. In particular, the RFLP profiles of three strains from Sardinia showed differences when compared to the profiles of S. feltiae and H. bacteriophora and were the same as that of Steinernema litorale, which until now has only been found in Japan. We tried to interbreed the Sardinian strains with S. litorale and S. feltiae; mating attemps were observed but no progeny resulted. The symbiotic bacteria of Sardinian strains belong to the species Xenorhabdus bovienii

Poblaciones nativas de nematodos entomopatógenos (Rhabditida) en cuatro departamentos de Colombia = Native entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida) in four departments of Colombia

Nematodos entomopatógenos (NEP s) de los grupos Heterorhabditidae y Steinernematidae son usados como agentes potenciales de control de numerosas plagas subterráneas, encontrándoselos según estudios de su distribución, en diversidad de hábitats a través del mundo. En el mismo interés de control de rizófagos, especialmente las plagas del complejo chisas (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) y chinche de la viruela Cyrtomenus bergi (Hemiptera: Cydnidae), se realizó una búsqueda e identificación de cepas nativas de NEP s, tomando muestras de suelos en Quindío, Risaralda, Caldas y Cauca. Para la extracción de NEP s se emplearon larvas trampa de Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae); después de comprobar su patogenicidad siguiendo los postulados de Koch, se multiplicaron, almacenaron e identificaron. De las 284 muestras (300 g de suelo c/u) de 15 cultivos, en 23 sitios 17 resultaron positivas para nematodos entomopatógenos y saprófagos. Usando la técnica PCR dos muestras fueron identificadas como Steinernema kraussei Steiner (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), procedentes de yuca (ex Manihot esculenta L.) de Cauca y Risaralda (ex Inga spp.), constituyéndose en el primer reporte para Colombia. = Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) of the groups Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae are used as potential control agents of soil pests, being found in many habitats worldwide according to studies of their distribution. We collected soil samples in four Colombian departments (Quindío, Risaralda, Caldas, and Cauca) in order to isolate and identify native EPN strains associated with whitegrub (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) and burrower bug (Hemiptera: Cydnidae) Cyrtomenus bergi soil pests. EPN isolation was done through the Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) bait method. After verifying the entomopathogenicity of the samples using Koch s postulates, we multiplied, stored and identified the EPN. We analyzed 284 samples (300 g of soil each) collected in 23 sites in 15 crops. Pathogenic and saprophytic nematodes were present in 17 samples. PCR technique lead to the identification of Steinernema kraussei Steiner (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) coming from of two samples, one from Cassava (ex Manihot esculenta L.) in Cauca and the second one from Inga spp. in Risaralda, being these the first record of the species for the country