On the Equivalence of Dual Theories

We discuss the equivalence of two dual scalar field theories in 2 dimensions. The models are derived though the elimination of different fields in the same Freedman--Townsend model. It is shown that tree $S$-matrices of these models do not coincide. The 2-loop counterterms are calculated. It turns out that while one of these models is single-charged, the other theory is multi-charged. Thus the dual models considered are non-equivalent on classical and quantum levels. It indicates the possibility of the anomaly leading to non-equivalence of dual models.Comment: 14 pages, LaTeX; 2 figures, encapsulated PostScrip

Investigation of the influence of technological conditions of microarc oxidation of magnesium alloys on their structural state and mechanical properties

Наведені дослідження структури і властивостей покриттів, отриманих при мікродуговій обробці на магнієвому сплаві. Обробка проводилася при анодно-катодному режимі в лужному електроліті з різними домішками. Показана можливість формування кристалічних оксидних покриттів різного фазового складу (MgO, MgAl₂O₄, Mg₂Sі₄, Mg₃(PO₄)₂) товщиною до 300 мкм, що мають високу адгезію з основою, гарні захисні властивості і високу твердість, яка досягає 6,6 ГПа

Ignition of porous high-energy substances by light radiation

The possibility of calculation of high-energy solid fuel ignition processes within the limits of the porous reacting body model has been shown. Using the given model of ignition, it is possible to consider the dependence of ignition time on pressure which is ascertained experimentally while within the limits of the classic solid-phase ignition theory the ignition time does not depend on the initial and the external pressure

The methodological problems of “human-sizedness” of modern cosmological theories

The article is picking up new methodological approaches to the study of the Cosmos and the understanding of the place of a human being in the Universe. The article has a methodological character and is presented in the form of the analysis and synthesis of various aspects of the study of this problem. The article considers theoretical and methodological aspects of cosmology, the analysis of modern scientific theories, the scope of their applicability. The obtained outputs can be used in cosmological modeling and in the studies of anthropological and existential aspects of cosmologyyesБелгородский госуниверсите

Marked mitigation of transplant vascular sclerosis in FasL(gld) (CD95L) mutant recipients. I. The role of alloantibodies in the development of chronic rejection

Background. In the acute rejection of allografts, the interaction between Fas (CD95) and its ligand (FasL; CD95L) has been shown to be involved in mediating apoptotic cell death. The role, however, of these molecules in the pathogenesis of transplant vascular sclerosis is as yet undetermined. The present study was therefore designed to address this issue. Material. C3H/HEJ FasL(gld) (FasL-; H2(k)) spontaneously mutant mice were used either as donors or recipients of aortic allografts; wild-type C57BI/6 (B6; H2b) were used as corresponding recipients or donors (n=6/group), respectively. Controls included aortas transplanted across appropriate allogeneic and syngeneic strain combinations. For histopathological evaluations, the grafts were harvested at day 40 after transplantation, at which time, splenocytes and sera were also obtained for mixed leukocyte reaction and complement- mediated microcytotoxicity assays, respectively. Results. Similar to aortas obtained from allogeneic controls, allografts harvested from FasL-→B6 recipients had morphological evidence of chronic rejection characterized by circumferential intimal thickening with partial disruption of the elastic membranes. Correspondingly, heightened antidonor cellular reactivity was also witnessed in these recipients. On the contrary, B6 allografts harvested from the majority of C3H→FasL- recipients exhibited marked preservation of aortic morphology. Although these recipients had diminished antidonor cellular proliferation, the titers of alloantibodies were markedly elevated. Conclusion. The presence of FasL-expressing functional cytotoxic T cells is required for the pathogenesis of transplant vascular sclerosis. The significant reduction and/or absence of chronic rejection with the concomitant retention of antidonor humoral response in C3H FasL- recipients of B6 aortas prompt us to suggest that perhaps posttransplantation vasculopathy is initiated by cell-mediated cytotoxicity with its perpetuation facilitated by alloantibodies

Pronormality, contranormality and generalized nilpotency in infinite groups

This article is dedicated to some criteria of generalized nilpotency involving pronormality and abnormality. Also new results on groups, in which abnormality is a transitive relation, have been obtained

Cell proliferation and oncogene expression after bile duct ligation in the rat: Evidence of a specific growth effect on bile duct cells

The proliferative response of the rat liver was measured after temporary or permanent total biliary obstruction (BDO) and in different regions after selective ligation of the lobar ducts draining the right 60% of the hepatic mass. The results were compared with those after 70% partial hepatectomy (PH). Cell proliferation was assessed globally by measuring DNA synthesis and stratified to the separate cell populations with cytostaining techniques that allowed distinction of hepatocytes, duct cells, and nonparenchymal cells (NPCs). In selected experimental groups, gene expression was determined of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ-1), prothrombin, c-erb-B2, transforming growth factor alpha (TGFα), human Cyclophilin (CyP), and 28S ribosomal RNA. The stimulation of a proliferative response to total BDO required obstruction for longer than 24 hours, but after this deligation did not switch off regeneration. In the first week after permanent BDO, there was progressive infiltration of NPCs, fibrous linkage of some portal areas, and a crescendo of DNA synthesis that was obvious at 24 hours, maximal at 48 hours, and back nearly to baseline at 6 days. At the 2-day mark, the bile duct cells had a 17-fold increase in proliferation, accompanied by a threefold to fourfold increase in hepatocyte renewal. Little or no increase in expression of TGFα or the hepatocyte-specific prothrombin gene was detectable in the first 48 hours, whereas levels of the oncogene c-erb-B2 that is associated with cholangiocarcinoma were expressed from 48 to 96 hours. Livers subjected to regional BDO with or without immunosuppressive treatment with FK 506 and cyclosporine had an inflammatory reaction only on the side with ligated ducts. DNA synthesis increased in both the obstructed and freely draining lobes to approximately half the level that occurred after total BDO. The proliferation of the obstructed side was similar to the mixed duct cell/hepatocyte response after total BDO, but this almost exclusively involved duct cells on the freely draining side. In contrast to the findings after BDO, livers after PH regenerated maximally at 24 hours rather than 48 hours, had a predominantly noninflammatory hepatocyte as opposed to duct cell response, and had marked expression of the prothrombin and TGFα genes but only weakly and late of c-erb-B2 messenger RNA. The results show that the liver responds as a whole and in a biologically intelligent way to the nature of the injury inflicted on any part of it. It further implies the presence of humoral communications and control networks that assure organ homeostasis and relate this to total body homeostasis. © 1995