780 research outputs found
Dietary Glycemic Load and Glycemic Index and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke in Dutch Men and Women: The EPIC-MORGEN Study
BACKGROUND: The associations of glycemic load (GL) and glycemic index (GI) with the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are not well-established, particularly in men, and may be modified by gender. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether high dietary GL and GI increase the risk of CVD in men and women. METHODS: A large prospective cohort study (EPIC-MORGEN) was conducted within the general Dutch population among 8,855 men and 10,753 women, aged 21-64 years at baseline (1993-1997) and free of diabetes and CVD. Dietary intake was assessed with a validated food-frequency questionnaire and GI and GL were calculated using Foster-Powell's international table of GI. Information on morbidity and mortality was obtained through linkage with national registries. Cox proportional hazards analysis was performed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for incident coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, while adjusting for age, CVD risk factors, and dietary factors. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 11.9 years, 581 CHD cases and 120 stroke cases occurred among men, and 300 CHD cases and 109 stroke cases occurred among women. In men, GL was associated with an increased CHD risk (adjusted HR per SD increase, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.02-1.35]), while no significant association was found in women (1.09 [0.89-1.33]). GI was not associated with CHD risk in both genders, while it was associated with increased stroke risk in men (1.27 [1.02-1.58]) but not in women (0.96 [0.75-1.22]). Similarly, total carbohydrate intake and starch intake were associated with a higher CHD risk in men (1.23 [1.04-1.46]; and 1.24 [1.07-1.45]), but not in women. CONCLUSION: Among men, high GL and GI, and high carbohydrate and starch intake, were associated with increased risk of CVD
Microvascular complications at time of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes are similar among diabetic patients detected by targeted screening and patients newly diagnosed in general practice - The Hoorn Screening Study
OBJECTIVE - To investigate whether screening-detected diabetic patients differ from diabetic patients newly diagnosed in general practice with regard to the presence of microvascular complications. RESEARCH AND DESIGN METHODS - Diabetic patients, identified by a population-based targeted screening procedure consisting of a screening questionnaire and a fasting capillary whole-blood glucose measurement followed by diagnostic testing, were compared with patients newly diagnosed with diabetes in general practice. Retinopathy was assessed with fundus photography, impaired foot sensitivity was assessed with Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, and the presence of microalbuminuria was measured by means of the albumin-to creatinine ratio (ACR). RESULTS - A total of 195 screening-detected type 2 diabetic patients and 60 patients newly diagnosed in general practice participated in the medical examination. The prevalence of retinopathy was higher in screening-detected type 2 diabetic patients than in patients newly diagnosed in general practice, but not significantly higher. The prevalence of retinopathy was 7.6% (95% CI 4.6-12.4) in screening-detected type 2 diabetic patients and 1.9% (0.3-9.8) in patients newly diagnosed in general practice. The prevalence of impaired foot sensitivity was similar in both groups, 48.1% (40.9-55.3) and 48.3% (36.2-60.7), respectively. The ACR was 0.61 (interquariile range 0.41-1.50) in screening-detected type 2 diabetic patients and 0.99 (0.53-2.49) in patients newly diagnosed in general practice. The difference in prevalence of microalbuminuria was not statistically significant. The prevalence of microalbuminuria was 17.2% (95% CI 12.5-23.2) and 26.7% (17.1-39.0) in screening-detected type 2 diabetic patients and patients newly diagnosed in general practice, respectively. CONCLUSIONS - Targeted screening for type 2 diabetes (with a screening questionnaire as a first step) resulted in the identification of previously undiagnosed diabetic patients with a considerable prevalence of microvascular complications
Meekoppelkansen tussen Natura 2000, Kaderrichtlijn Water en het Deltaprogramma in de Klimaatcorridor Veenweide - een quickscan klimaatadaptatie
In deze studie is gekeken in hoeverre maatregelen uit drie invalshoeken voldoende zijn om de natuurgebieden in de klimaatcorridor Veenweide klimaatrobuust te maken. Versterken ze elkaar of zijn er extra maatregelen noodzakelijk? De studie heeft daarmee een ecologische focus. De invalshoeken zijn: 1) natuurnetwerk De geschikte klimaatzones van soorten verschuiven en de kans op uitsterven van populaties neemt toe door de grotere grilligheid van het weer; 2) Het garanderen van de lange termijn zoetwatervoorziening kan natuur klimaatrobuuster maken; 3) De maatregelen die waterschappen nemen in het kader van de Kaderrichtlijn Water helpen mee om het aquatisch ecosysteem klimaatrobuuster te maken
Youth in transition:Study protocol of a prospective cohort study into the long-term course of addiction, mental health problems and social functioning in youth entering addiction treatment
BACKGROUND: Substance use disorders (SUDs) are prevalent in the general population, tend to follow a chronic course, are associated with many individual and social problems, and often have their onset in adolescence. However, the knowledge base from prospective population surveys and treatment-outcome studies on the course of SUD in adolescents is limited at best. The present study aims to fill this gap and focuses on a subgroup that is particularly at risk for chronicity: adolescents in addiction treatment. We will investigate the rate of persistent SUD and its predictors longitudinally from adolescence to young adulthood among youth with DSM-5 SUD from the start of their addiction treatment to 2 and 4 years following treatment-entry. In addition to SUD, we will investigate the course of comorbid mental disorders, social functioning, and quality of life and their association with SUD over time. METHODS/DESIGN: In a naturalistic, multi-center prospective cohort design, we will include youths (n =â420), who consecutively enter addiction treatment at ten participating organizations in the Netherlands. Inclusion is prestratified by treatment organization, to ensure a nationally representative sample. Eligible youths are 16 to 22âyears old and seek help for a primary DSM-5 cannabis, alcohol, cocaine or amphetamine use disorder. Assessments focus on lifetime and current substance use and SUD, non-SUD mental disorders, family history, life events, social functioning, treatment history, quality of life, chronic stress indicators (hair cortisol) and neuropsychological tests (computerized executive function tasks) and are conducted at baseline, end of treatment, and 2 and 4 years post-baseline. Baseline data and treatment data (type, intensity, duration) will be used to predict outcome â persistence of or desistance from SUD. DISCUSSION: There are remarkably few prospective studies worldwide that investigated the course of SUD in adolescents in addiction treatment for longer than 1 year. We are confident that the Youth in Transition study will further our understanding of determinants and consequences of persistent SUD among high-risk adolescents during the critical transition from adolescence to young adulthood. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Netherlands National Trial Register Trial NL7928. Date of registration January 17, 2019
Selfâcompassion, selfâ forgiveness, suicidal ideation and selfâharm: a systematic review
Selfâcompassion has been implicated in the aetiology and course of mental health with evidence suggesting an association between greater selfâcompassion and lower emotional distress. However, our understanding of the nature and extent of the relationship between selfâcompassion and selfâharm (selfâinjury regardless of suicidal intent) or suicidal ideation remains unclear. This review, therefore, aimed to critically evaluate the extant literature investigating this relationship. To do so, a systematic search, including terms synonymous with selfâcompassion, was conducted on three main psychological and medical databases (Web of Science, PsycINFO and Medline). Only studies investigating selfâcompassion or selfâforgiveness and selfâharm or suicidal ideation were found to be relevant to the review. 18 studies were included in the final narrative synthesis. Heterogeneity of studies was high and the majority of studies were quantitative and crossâsectional (n=16) in design. All studies reported significant associations between higher levels of selfâforgiveness or selfâcompassion and lower levels of selfâharm or suicidal ideation. Several studies suggested that selfâcompassion or selfâforgiveness may weaken the relationship between negative life events and selfâharm. In conclusion, this review highlights the potential importance of selfâcompassion in the aetiology of suicidal thoughts and selfâharm. We discuss the clinical and research implications
S-Adenosylmethionine and 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate are associated with endothelial function after controlling for confounding by homocysteine: the Hoorn study
): 48.57 microm (21.16; 75.98) and -32.15 microm (-59.09; -5.20), but high homocysteine was not (-15.11 microm (-42.99; 12.78). High SAM and low 5-MTHF were also significantly associated with high and low NMD, respectively. NMD explained the association of 5-MTHF with FMD but not of SAM. No interactions were observed for diabetes or cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: In this elderly population, both SAM and 5-MTHF are associated with endothelial and smooth muscle cell function. The effect of homocysteine on endothelial function is relatively small compared with SAM and 5-MTHF. The relative impact of SAM, 5-MTHF, and homocysteine, and the mechanisms through which these moieties may affect endothelial and smooth muscle cell function need clarification. Both SAM and 5-MTHF are associated with endothelial and smooth muscle cell function whereas the effect of homocysteine is relatively small compared with SAM and 5-MTH
Orbital textures and charge density waves in transition metal dichalcogenides
Low-dimensional electron systems, as realized naturally in graphene or
created artificially at the interfaces of heterostructures, exhibit a variety
of fascinating quantum phenomena with great prospects for future applications.
Once electrons are confined to low dimensions, they also tend to spontaneously
break the symmetry of the underlying nuclear lattice by forming so-called
density waves; a state of matter that currently attracts enormous attention
because of its relation to various unconventional electronic properties. In
this study we reveal a remarkable and surprising feature of charge density
waves (CDWs), namely their intimate relation to orbital order. For the
prototypical material 1T-TaS2 we not only show that the CDW within the
two-dimensional TaS2-layers involves previously unidentified orbital textures
of great complexity. We also demonstrate that two metastable stackings of the
orbitally ordered layers allow to manipulate salient features of the electronic
structure. Indeed, these orbital effects enable to switch the properties of
1T-TaS2 nanostructures from metallic to semiconducting with technologically
pertinent gaps of the order of 200 meV. This new type of orbitronics is
especially relevant for the ongoing development of novel, miniaturized and
ultra-fast devices based on layered transition metal dichalcogenides
Veel plannen bij Oost-Europese melkveehouders
De meeste melkveehouders willen het liefst veel melken als strategie naar de toekomst. De Oost-Europese melkveehouders zien daarbij de toekomstige EU-landbouwpolitiek en de markt als een grotere bedreiging dan onze veehouders, terwijl Nederlandse veehouders afschaffing van de quotering zelfs als een uitdaging zien. Onze veehouders lijken echter meer afwachtend met strategievorming
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