Introducción al diagnóstico y tratamiento del marcaje territorial con orina en el gato

El marcaje territorial con orina es uno de los problemas de comportamiento más frecuentes en el gato. Si bien es más frecuente en machos no castrados, puede manifestarse también en machos castrados y en hembras. Los principales criterios de diagnóstico que permiten distinguirlo de otros problemas de eliminación son la presencia o ausencia de heces junto con la orina, ia localización de la orina, el volumen de orina y la postura del animal al orinar. La castración soluciona el problema en el 90 % de los animales aproximadamente. En aquellos animales que no responden a la castración o a los que no se desea castrar, los tranquilizantes son el tratamiento de elección, puesto que son igualo más eficaces que los progestágenos sintéticos y presentan menos efectos secundarios.Urine marking is one of the most common behavioural problems in cats. Although it is most frequent in intact males, urine marking can also occur in both castrated males and females. The amount and location of urine, the pasture of the cat while urinating and thepresence or absence of faeces are important criteria to rule out any other cause of inappropriate elimination. Urine marking is treated by castration, which is effective in 90 % of cases. When castration is unsuccesful or undesired, anxiolytic drugs are the treatment of choice, because they are at least as effictive as synthetic progestins and have less side effects

Diagnóstico de los diferentes tipos de agresividad del perro dirigida hacia las personas

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir los diferentes tipos de agresividad del perro dirigida hacia las personas. La agresividad puede clasificarse en dos grandes grupos: agresividad debida a problemas orgánicos y agresividad sin causa orgánica. La agresividad sin causa orgánica es la más frecuente e incluye agresividad por dominancia, agresividad maternal, agresividad por miedo, agresividad por competencia dirigida hacia niños y agresividad territorial. El diagnóstico de cada uno de estos tipos se basa en la postura adoptada por el perro durante el episodio de agresividad, las circunstancias que desencadenan la conducta agresiva y la conducta del perro entre episodios de agresividad.The aim of this paper is to describe the diffirent types of human-directed aggresion in dogs. Aggression can be broadly divided in medical and non-medical. Non-medical aggression is the most common type and includes dominance aggression, maternal aggression, fiar aggression, sibling rivalry and territorial aggression. The diagnosis is based on the posture of the dog whtle being aggressive, the circumstances in which aggression appears and the behaviour of the dog between aggressive incidents

Comparative effects of macro-sized aluminum oxide and aluminum oxide nanoparticles on erythrocyte hemolysis: influence of cell source, temperature and size

Al2O3 is the most abundantly produced nanomaterial and has been used in diverse fields, including the medical, military and industrial sectors. As there are concerns about the health effects of nanoparticles, it is important to understand how they interact with cells, and specifically with red blood cells. The hemolysis induced by three commercial nano-sized aluminum oxide particles (nanopowder 13 nm, nanopowder <50 nm and nanowire 2-6 nm × 200-400 nm) was compared to aluminum oxide and has been studied on erythrocytes from humans, rats and rabbits, in order to elucidate the mechanism of action and the influence of size and shape on hemolytic behavior. The concentrations inducing 50% hemolysis (HC50) were calculated for each compound studied. The most hemolytic aluminum oxide particles were of nanopowder 13, followed by nanowire and nanopowder 50. The addition of albumin to PBS induced a protective effect on hemolysis in all the nano-forms of Al2O3, but not on Al2O3. The drop in HC50 correlated to a decrease in nanomaterial size, which was induced by a reduction of aggregation Aluminum oxide nanoparticles are less hemolytic than other oxide nanoparticles, and behave differently depending on the size and shape of the nanoparticles. The hemolytic behavior of aluminum oxide nanoparticles differs from that of aluminum oxide

A review of literature on evaluating the scientific, social, and political impact of social sciences and humanities research

Recently, the need to contribute to the evaluation of the scientific, social and political impact of social sciences and humanities (SSH) research has become a demand of policy makers and society. The international scientific community has made significant advances that have transformed the impact evaluation landscape. This paper reviews the existing scientific knowledge on evaluation tools and techniques that are applied to assess the scientific impact of SSH research; the changing structure of social and political impacts of SSH research is investigated based on an overarching research question: to what extent do scholars attempt to apply methods, instruments and approaches that take into account the distinctive features of SSH? The review also includes examples of EU projects that demonstrate these impacts. This paper culminates in a discussion of the development of the assessment of different impacts and identifies limitations, and areas and topics to explore in the future

Diagnóstico de los diferentes tipos de agresividad del perro dirigida hacia las personas

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir los diferentes tipos de agresividad del perro dirigida hacia las personas. La agresividad puede clasificarse en dos grandes grupos: agresividad debida a problemas orgánicos y agresividad sin causa orgánica. La agresividad sin causa orgánica es la más frecuente e incluye agresividad por dominancia, agresividad maternal, agresividad por miedo, agresividad por competencia dirigida hacia niños y agresividad territorial. El diagnóstico de cada uno de estos tipos se basa en la postura adoptada por el perro durante el episodio de agresividad, las circunstancias que desencadenan la conducta agresiva y la conducta del perro entre episodios de agresividad.The aim of this paper is to describe the diffirent types of human-directed aggresion in dogs. Aggression can be broadly divided in medical and non-medical. Non-medical aggression is the most common type and includes dominance aggression, maternal aggression, fiar aggression, sibling rivalry and territorial aggression. The diagnosis is based on the posture of the dog whtle being aggressive, the circumstances in which aggression appears and the behaviour of the dog between aggressive incidents

Comparative effects of macro-sized aluminum oxide and aluminum oxide nanoparticles on erythrocyte hemolysis: influence of cell source, temperature and size

Al2O3 is the most abundantly produced nanomaterial and has been used in diverse fields, including the medical, military and industrial sectors. As there are concerns about the health effects of nanoparticles, it is important to understand how they interact with cells, and specifically with red blood cells. The hemolysis induced by three commercial nano-sized aluminum oxide particles (nanopowder 13 nm, nanopowder <50 nm and nanowire 2-6 nm × 200-400 nm) was compared to aluminum oxide and has been studied on erythrocytes from humans, rats and rabbits, in order to elucidate the mechanism of action and the influence of size and shape on hemolytic behavior. The concentrations inducing 50% hemolysis (HC50) were calculated for each compound studied. The most hemolytic aluminum oxide particles were of nanopowder 13, followed by nanowire and nanopowder 50. The addition of albumin to PBS induced a protective effect on hemolysis in all the nano-forms of Al2O3, but not on Al2O3. The drop in HC50 correlated to a decrease in nanomaterial size, which was induced by a reduction of aggregation Aluminum oxide nanoparticles are less hemolytic than other oxide nanoparticles, and behave differently depending on the size and shape of the nanoparticles. The hemolytic behavior of aluminum oxide nanoparticles differs from that of aluminum oxide

Comparative effects of macro-sized aluminum oxide and aluminum oxide nanoparticles on erythrocyte hemolysis: influence of cell source, temperature and size

Al2O3 is the most abundantly produced nanomaterial and has been used in diverse fields, including the medical, military and industrial sectors. As there are concerns about the health effects of nanoparticles, it is important to understand how they interact with cells, and specifically with red blood cells. The hemolysis induced by three commercial nano-sized aluminum oxide particles (nanopowder 13 nm, nanopowder <50 nm and nanowire 2-6 nm × 200-400 nm) was compared to aluminum oxide and has been studied on erythrocytes from humans, rats and rabbits, in order to elucidate the mechanism of action and the influence of size and shape on hemolytic behavior. The concentrations inducing 50% hemolysis (HC50) were calculated for each compound studied. The most hemolytic aluminum oxide particles were of nanopowder 13, followed by nanowire and nanopowder 50. The addition of albumin to PBS induced a protective effect on hemolysis in all the nano-forms of Al2O3, but not on Al2O3. The drop in HC50 correlated to a decrease in nanomaterial size, which was induced by a reduction of aggregation Aluminum oxide nanoparticles are less hemolytic than other oxide nanoparticles, and behave differently depending on the size and shape of the nanoparticles. The hemolytic behavior of aluminum oxide nanoparticles differs from that of aluminum oxide