Examining the terminology of race issues in assessments for international exchange students

This study examined assignments by students from a university in Scotland and a university in the USA, and explored the terminology used by student when referring to race issues in assignments linked to practice. The findings suggest the terminology of race issues in assessments may be inappropriate for students because they allow racism to be marginalized from practice or presented in a way that conveys little analysis

A study on effect of head pillow, shoulder roll and head rotation on Right IJV caliber in patients undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia.

BACKGROUND: Central venous catheter is required for managing patients posted for certain surgeries and a variety of clinical conditions. Right internal jugular vein is the most commonly used site by anaesthetists. Although ultrasound guidance has increased success rate and reduced complications of central venous cannulation, there are still complications associated with the procedure. We used ultrasound assessment of right internal jugular vein in our study to find the optimal position for right internal jugular vein cannulation. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess changes in Right IJV diameter based on position using ultrasound, 2. To determine optimal patient position in which IJV diameter is the largest. 3. To assess the degree of overlap between Right IJV and Carotid based on position using ultrasound to find the optimal position in which the overlap is minimal METHODOLOGY: Patients who satisfy inclusion criteria were recruited in the study and informed consent was taken. Patients were anaesthetized and placed in the following 3 positions, supine with i) P1 - no head pillow or shoulder roll, ii) P2 - with head pillow and iii) P 3 - with shoulder roll. All measurements were made in 15 degree Trendelenberg tilt and head turned to the left by 30 degree. The following measurements were recorded in all 3 positions. • Transverse and anteroposterior diameter of the Right Internal jugular vein (IJV). • Transverse diameter of the Right Carotid. • Overlap between Right IJV and Carotid. RESULTS: In our study the mean transverse diameter of Right IJV was 18.7mm in P1 and P2 and 17.2 mm in P3. The mean anteroposterior diameter was 13.9 mm, 13.7mm and 11.3 mm in P1, P2 and P3 respectively. The increase in diameter in P1 was statistically significant (p<0.0005). The incidence of maximum diameter was highest in P1 (50%). The mean overlap percentage between Right Carotid and Right IJV was 49.41%, 50.97% and 35.7% in P1, P2 and P3 respectively. This difference between P3 and other two positions was also statistically significant (p<0.0005). CONCLUSION: From our study, we suggest placing the patient supine in 15 degree Trendelenberg tilt with no head pillow or shoulder roll, with 30 degree head rotation to the opposite side will lead to greater chance of first pass success during right IJV cannulation as the diameter of IJV is largest in this position. We also found that overlap between Right IJV and Carotid was least when a shoulder roll was used

Functional outcome of surgical management in cases of fracture patella in a tertiary care hospital in Salem

Background: Fractures of the patella are serious injuries with a broad range of subtypes. These injuries account for about 1% of all skeletal injuries and are most prevalent within the age group of 20-50 years. The underlying mechanisms of open fractures are mostly high-velocity accidents. To assess the functional outcome of various surgical procedures done for fracture patella.Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted from the department of orthopedics, Vinayaka missions Kirupananda Variyar medical college and hospital, Salem for one year in August 2019 and July 2020. All the adult patients admitted with the diagnosis of patellar fracture were included in the study. A complete local examination was conducted and an X-ray of AP and the lateral view was taken for all the patients.Results: Transverse patella fracture is being the most common fracture and for that modified tension band wiring (TBW) was the most common procedure performed and for comminuted fracture partial patellectomy was the most common procedure and for 1 patient total patellectomy was performed.Conclusions: The study shows that the treatment of patella fractures with modified tension band wiring is a definitive treatment with minimal complications and excellent functional outcomes

Anti-racism: totem and taboo – a review article

Anti-anti-racism is seeing a renascence in the UK. Against a backdrop of punishing austerity measures, the ascent of the neoliberal project and the undermining of multiculturalism, this resurgent critique decries anti-racism as set against white communities, argues that it exists primarily to serve a liberal elite, and that it feeds into a multicultural dogma undermining western culture. Those developing this critique argue that fear of the charge of racism prevents discussion and rational policy measures to manage immigration, ‘race’ and identity. This review article examines three key books embodying aspects of these claims, as well as showing how a liberal ceding of ground to the Right on the intersections of race and class ultimately bolsters its arguments

Challenging the empire

This paper considers how Paul Gilroy transformed hitherto dominant understandings of the relationship between race and class by developing an innovative account that foregrounded questions of racist oppression and collective resistance amid the organic crisis of British capitalism. The returns from this rethinking were profound in that he was able to make transparent both the structuring power of racism within the working class, and the necessity for autonomous black resistance. At the same time, significant lacunae in his account are identified, including the neglect of the episodic emergence of working-class anti-racism and the part played by socialists, particularly those of racialized minority descent in fashioning a major anti-racist social movement. The paper concludes with a lament for the disappearance of such work informed by a ‘Marxism without guarantees’ in the contemporary field of racism studies, and asks readers to consider the gains to be derived from such a re-engagement

Racism, anti-racist practice and social work: articulating the teaching and learning experiences of Black social workers

In the mid 1990s a Black practice teacher programme was established in Manchester and Merseyside with the primary aim to increase the number of Black practice teachers in social work organisations, and in turn provide a supportive and encouraging learning environment for Black student social workers whilst on placement. In the north‐west of England research has been undertaken, to establish the quality of the practice teaching and student learning taking place with Black practice teachers and students. This paper is an exploration of the ideas generated within the placement process that particularly focused on the discourse of racism and ant‐racist practice. Black students and practice teachers explain their understanding of racism and anti‐racist practice within social work. From the research, the paper will critique some of the ideas concerning anti‐racism. In particular, it will question whether anti‐racist social work practice needs to be re‐evaluated in the light of a context with new migrants, asylum seekers and refugees. It will concluded, by arguing that whilst the terms anti‐racism, Black and Minority Ethnic have resonance as a form of political strategic essentialism, it is important to develop more positive representations in the future

Racism and anti-racism in Europe: a critical analysis of concepts and frameworks

The targets and expressions of racism vary across Europe. This article discusses the relevance of different descriptions and analyses of racism despite the different terms used in different countries such as ‘ethnic minority’, ‘foreigner’ or ‘black’ and different interpretations of which differences matter. It shows the significance of a cross-national European perspective on racism. There are important convergences across European countries in the discourses and practices of racism, particularly the distinction between ‘useful’ and ‘abusive’ migrants. A cross-European perspective can be an important inspiration for anti-racist struggles

Critical Race Theory and Education: racism and anti-racism in educational theory and praxis

What is Critical Race Theory (CRT) and what does it offer educational researchers and practitioners outside the US? This paper addresses these questions by examining the recent history of antiracist research and policy in the UK. In particular, the paper argues that conventional forms of antiracism have proven unable to keep pace with the development of increasingly racist and exclusionary education polices that operate beneath a veneer of professed tolerance and diversity. In particular, contemporary antiracism lacks clear statements of principle and theory that risk reinventing the wheel with each new study; it is increasingly reduced to a meaningless slogan; and it risks appropriation within a reformist “can do” perspective dominated by the de-politicized and managerialist language of school effectiveness and improvement. In contrast, CRT offers a genuinely radical and coherent set of approaches that could revitalize critical research in education across a range of inquiries, not only in self-consciously "multicultural" studies. The paper reviews the developing terrain of CRT in education, identifying its key defining elements and the conceptual tools that characterise the work. CRT in education is a fast changing and incomplete project but it can no longer be ignored by the academy beyond North America

‘Post-race’ racism in the narratives of ‘Brexit’ voters

Although a growing body of scholarship seeks to understand the motivations behind the ‘Brexit’ vote – including that which centralises explorations of racism, nationalism and post-colonialism – little consideration has been given to the ways in which ‘post-race’ racisms underpin the narratives of Leave voters. This article draws on data generated through 13 semi-structured interviews to examine the subtle and subterranean ways in which xeno-racism is articulated in the accounts of some Leave voters in the Greater Manchester city of Salford: a city that saw a higher percentage of the electorate (56.8%) vote to leave the EU than the national average (51.9%). Whilst restricting immigration was a key motivator of Leave voters in our research, interviewees vehemently rejected accusations of racism. Instead, couching their views in seemingly non-racial ways, they framed their concerns about immigration as a ‘legitimate’ response to a victimised whiteness. Thus, in discussing our data, we argue that far from living in a ‘post-racial’ epoch, racisms continue to thrive through new modes of articulation. These new racisms emerge from the shadows at key times, such as the EU Referendum, and refashion themselves in ways that are considered more palatable than the older (explicit) racisms of past