Effect of cut-out on modal properties of edge cracked temperature-dependent functionally graded plates

Modal analysis is employed to analyze the vibration of temperature-dependent of Functionally Graded Plates (FGP) under a thermal environment in order to determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes. Theoretical formulation of various materials’ properties is done using the rule of mixtures. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of simply supported and clamped square plates are investigated as a function of crack, cutout, crack and cutout and temperature dependent properties. The Ansys program is employed for the purpose of analyzing the natural frequency and mode shape of a plate. Non-dimensional results are compared for temperature-dependent and temperature-independent FGP and subsequently validated according to known results obtained from the literature. Numerical results indicate the effect of crack, cutout, gradient index and temperature fields on the vibration characteristics and mode shapes. This study proves that natural frequency decreases with increasing gradient index (n) increasing the temperature and simultaneous presence of crack-cutout. In addition, clamped plates have a higher frequency than simply supported plates in all cases. Increasing temperatures lead to a maximum decrease in frequency at clamped FGP

Optimizing selective laser melting of Inconel 625 superalloy through statistical analysis of surface and volumetric defects

This article delves into optimizing and modeling the input parameters for the selective laser melting (SLM) process on Inconel 625. The primary aim is to investigate the microstructure within the interlayer regions post-process optimization. For this study, 100 layers with a thickness of 40 µm each were produced. Utilizing the design of experiments (DOE) methodology and employing the Response Surface Method (RSM), the SLM process was optimized. Input parameters such as laser power (LP) and hatch distance (HD) were considered, while changes in microhardness and roughness, Ra, were taken as the responses. Sample microstructure and surface alterations were assessed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis to ascertain how many defects and properties of Inconel 625 can be controlled using DOE. Porosity and lack of fusion, which were due to rapid post-powder melting solidification, prompted detailed analysis of the flaws both on the surfaces of and in terms of the internal aspects of the samples. An understanding of the formation of these imperfections can help refine the process for enhanced integrity and performance of Inconel 625 printed material. Even slight directional changes in the columnar dendrite structures are discernible within the layers. The microstructural characteristics observed in these samples are directly related to the parameters of the SLM process. In this study, the bulk samples achieved a microhardness of 452 HV, with the minimum surface roughness recorded at 9.9 µm. The objective of this research was to use the Response Surface Method (RSM) to optimize the parameters to result in the minimum surface roughness and maximum microhardness of the samples

Enhancing mechanical properties of 3D-printed PLAs via optimization process and statistical modeling

This paper investigates the optimization of 3D printing by 1.75 mm filaments of poly-lactic acid (PLA) materials. The samples are printed separately and glued together to join the tensile device for the failure load and checking the surface roughness. The printing method in this research is Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), in which the parameters of Infill Percentage (IP), Extruder Temperature (ET), and Layer Thickness (LT) are considered variable parameters for the 3D printer, and according to the Design of Experiments (DOE), a total of 20 experiments are designed. The parametric range is considered to be 15–55% for IP, 190–250 °C for ET, and 0.15–0.35 mm for LT. The optimization model is conducted according to the Response Surface Method (RSM), in which the ANOVA and plot tables are examined. Moreover, the samples’ maximum failure load, weight, fabrication time, and surface roughness are considered output responses. Statistical modeling shows that by increasing the IP and setting the ET at 220 °C, the failure load of the samples increases, and the maximum failure load reaches 1218 N. The weight and fabrication time of the specimen are optimized at the same time to achieve maximum failure load with less surface roughness. By comparing the predicted and actual output for the optimum samples, the percentage error for all results is less than 5%. The developed optimization method is revealed to be accurate and reliable for FDM 3D printing of PLAs

Structural health monitoring (SHM) for composite structure undergoing tensile and thermal testing

Application of ultrasonic guided waves generated by piezoelectric smart transducers has become one of the widely-used techniques in structural health monitoring. This technique has led to significant improvements and profound effects in the field of aircraft reliability and safety. Lamb wave propagation on composite plate-like structure undergoing mechanical testing is investigated in the paper. Smart PZT actuator/sensor is bonded on the carbon-fiber and glassfiber epoxy composites, which are subjected to tensile and thermal stress tests. The acquired results indicate the changes in scattering waves in composites materials due to the applied thermal and tensile force. Wavelet analysis was incorporated in this research work in order to distinguish different structural status

Designing Tuneable Narrowband Bandpass Filter Utilizing Neural Network

Abstract: In this study we aim at adjusting the singleband and dualband bandpass filter designed in a ED02AH technology. The quality factor and center frequency of the filter will change by varactor diodes. Here, we use a neural network to acquire the proper biasing voltages of varactor diodes in order to obtain specific gain and quality factor

Longitudinal vibrations analysis of vehicular clutch

This paper investigates the dynamic nature of clutch pedal in-cycle vibration as a powertrain NVH concern. The concern, referred to as "whoop" in industry, occurs during the clutch engagement and disengagement processes. The MATLAB and ADAMS as powerful programs for simulating dynamic systems to model clutch actuation system as a series of multi-bodies between the flywheel and the clutch pedal are used. Finally, the results are compared to experimental evidence and other models which were provided before

High-Performance Air-Stable n-Type Carbon Nanotube Transistors with Erbium Contacts

O ver the past few decades, the continued down-scaling of the physical dimensions of silicon field-effect transistors (FETs) has been the main drive for achieving higher device density while improving the transistor performance in complementary metalÀoxideÀ semiconductor (CMOS) circuits. One of the principle benefits of the conventional scaling trend, namely, reducing the power consumption per computation, has diminished in recent years. In particular, power management is increasingly becoming a major challenge because of the inability to further decrease the operating voltage without compromising the performance of silicon FETs. Incorporation of alternative channel materials with superior carrier transport properties, as presently conceived, is a favorable strategy for the semiconductor industry to complement or replace silicon FETs. Among the promising candidates, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are predicted to offer the most energy-efficient solution for computation compared with other channel materials, 1 owing to their unique properties such as ultrathin body and ballistic carrier transport in the channel. ABSTRACT So far, realization of reproducible n-type carbon nanotube (CNT) transistors suitable for integrated digital applications has been a difficult task. In this work, hundreds of n-type CNT transistors from three different low work function metals ; erbium, lanthanum, and yttrium ; are studied and benchmarked against p-type devices with palladium contacts. The crucial role of metal type and deposition conditions is elucidated with respect to overall yield and performance of the n-type devices. It is found that high oxidation rates and sensitivity to deposition conditions are the major causes for the lower yield and large variation in performance of n-type CNT devices with low work function metal contacts. Considerable improvement in device yield is attained using erbium contacts evaporated at high deposition rates. Furthermore, the air-stability of our n-type transistors is studied in light of the extreme sensitivity of these metals to oxidation

How to Report and Benchmark Emerging Field-Effect Transistors

Emerging low-dimensional nanomaterials have been studied for decades in device applications as field-effect transistors (FETs). However, properly reporting and comparing device performance has been challenging due to the involvement and interlinking of multiple device parameters. More importantly, the interdisciplinarity of this research community results in a lack of consistent reporting and benchmarking guidelines. Here we report a consensus among the authors regarding guidelines for reporting and benchmarking important FET parameters and performance metrics. We provide an example of this reporting and benchmarking process for a two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor FET. Our consensus will help promote an improved approach for assessing device performance in emerging FETs, thus aiding the field to progress more consistently and meaningfully.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, Under review at Nature Electronic