Proton beam radiotherapy in the management of uveal melanoma: clinical experience in Scotland

<p>Aim: To evaluate proton-beam radiotherapy (PBRT) in the management of uveal melanoma in Scotland.</p> <p>Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken on all patients receiving PBRT for uveal melanoma (1994–2005). Data obtained included: gender, past ocular/medical history, age, presenting complaint(s), diagnosis, laterality, tumor location/ultrasound characteristics, visual acuity (VA) and intraocular pressure. At post-treatment reviews (3, 6, 12, and 24 months), the following data was obtained: VA, intraocular pressure, tumor appearance and ultrasound characteristics. Mean follow up was 38.8 months.</p> <p>Results: Seventy-six patients were included. Mean age was 64 years; male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Ninety-seven percent demonstrated initial treatment response; 87% had successful control of tumor growth. Mean pre-treatment tumor height was 6.2 mm v.s. 4.8 mm post-irradiation (p < 0.001). Pre-irradiation VA was <3/60 in 18.5% compared with 74% post-irradiation (p < 0.0001). There was a statistically significant association between adverse events (enucleation, metastasis) and greater maximal basal tumor diameter. Eighteen eyes were enucleated. The median survival time was estimated to be 54 months.</p> <p>Conclusion: In our experience, PBRT is a precise, reliable and effective treatment in the management of large, and previously treated uveal melanomas. It prevents enucleation in the majority at short term follow-up.</p&gt

Single phase inverter system using proportional resonant current control

This paper presents the harmonic reduction performance of proportional resonant (PR) current controller in single phase inverter system connected to nonlinear load. In the study, proportional resonant current controller and low pass filter is discussed to eliminate low order harmonics injection in single phase inverter system. The potential of nonlinear load in producing harmonics is showed and identified by developing a nonlinear load model using a full bridge rectifier circuit. The modelling and simulation is done in MATLAB Simulink while harmonic spectrum results are obtained using Fast Fourier Transfor. End result show PR current controller capability to overcome the injection of current harmonic problems thus improved the overall total harmonic distortion (THD)

Air pollution and livestock production

The air in a livestock farming environment contains high concentrations of dust particles and gaseous pollutants. The total inhalable dust can enter the nose and mouth during normal breathing and the thoracic dust can reach into the lungs. However, it is the respirable dust particles that can penetrate further into the gas-exchange region, making it the most hazardous dust component. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of dust particles can lead to respiratory health issues for both livestock and farming staff. Ammonia, an example of a gaseous pollutant, is derived from the decomposition of nitrous compounds. Increased exposure to ammonia may also have an effect on the health of humans and livestock. There are a number of technologies available to ensure exposure to these pollutants is minimised. Through proactive means, (the optimal design and management of livestock buildings) air quality can be improved to reduce the likelihood of risks associated with sub-optimal air quality. Once air problems have taken hold, other reduction methods need to be applied utilising a more reactive approach. A key requirement for the control of concentration and exposure of airborne pollutants to an acceptable level is to be able to conduct real-time measurements of these pollutants. This paper provides a review of airborne pollution including methods to both measure and control the concentration of pollutants in livestock buildings

Rekonseptualisasi Tafsir Asas Praduga Tak Bersalah

Asas praduga tak bersalah dianggap hanya untuk dan berlaku bagi kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan proses peradilan pidana. Sehingga terjadi ketidakpedulian masyarakat terhadap asas tersebut. Asas praduga tak bersalah di Indonesia dulu terdapat di dalam Pasal 8 Undang-Undang No. 14 Tahun 1970 tentang Ketentuan-Ketentuan Pokok Kekuasaan Kehakiman. Meskipun tidak secara eksplisit menyatakan hal yang sama, asas tersebut diutarakan di dalam Pasal 66 Undang-Undang No.8 Tahun 1981 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP).Penegakkan hukum merupakan salah satu upaya untuk menciptakan tata tertib, keamanan dan ketentraman dalam masyarakat, baik itu merupakan USAha pencegahan maupun merupakan pemberantasan atau penindakan setelah terjadinya pelanggaran hukum. Untuk mencapai sasaran tersebut maka peraturan Perundang-undangan menjadi dasar hukum bagi langkah dan tindakan dari penegak hukum harus sesuai dengan dasar falsafah negara dan pandangan hidup Bangsa Indonesia yaitu Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 (UUD 1945). Dengan demikian, Perlunya rekonseptualisasi atas tafsir asas praduga tidak bersalah (presumption of innocence) yang selama ini dianut KUHAP

Bow-Tie Microstrip Antenna Design

In this paper, the bow-tie microstrip antennas have been designed with two different angles of 40° and 80°. An investigaton on the effect of the angle to the return loss and radiation patterns had been carried out. The impedance matching network with the niicrostrip transmission line feeding was used in this study. Simulation and measurement results for the return loss and radiation patterns were presented

Posisi Lembaga Peradilan dalam Sistem Pengembangan Hukum Islam

Pengadilan sebagai “institusi hukum” yang menegakkan kepastian hukum dan keadilan juga sebagai “institusi sosial” yang dinamis, yaitu senantiasa menjalankan pertukaran dengan lingkungannya yang lebih besar, dalam upaya menggali, mengikuti dan memahami nilai-nilai hukum yang hidup dalam masyarakat, menginterpretasikan teks undang-undang dalam konteks masyarakat serta Perubahan-Perubahannya. di negara-negara Islam dan di negara-negara yang mayoritas penduduknya Islam seperti Indonesia mengalami perkembangan. Dengan demikian terjadi pula perkembangan studi hukum Islam di Indonesia untuk memperoleh eksistensi hukum islam dalam pengembangan sistem hukum Islam. hukum Islam merupakan salah satu unsur agama Islam yang terkait erat dengan akidah dan syariah. Akidah adalah sesuatu keyakinan (iman) tumbuh dari jiwa yang mendalam yang harus lalui oleh setiap orang untuk menjadi muslim. Sedangkan syariah adalah mencakup segala sesuatu yang membawa seseorang untuk menjadi muslim yang sebenar-benarnya. Jadi syariah pada mulanya memiliki pengertian yang lebih luas. Bagi seorang hakim dalam melaksanakan profesinya harus taat pada prinsip-prinsip peradilan yang telah yang telah digariskan oleh al-Qur'an, sebagai pertimbangan dalam menjalani profesinya, karena ketaatan terhadap prinsip-prinsip akan memberikan jaminan terhadap terlaksananya tujuan hukum. Dalam lintasan sejarah peradailan Islam, Umar Bin Khattab mengatakan ada sepuluh macam prinsip peradilan yang harus dijadikan pedoman pelaksanaan peradilan