Socio-cultural Transformations in Traditional Societies in the Context of Globalization

The paper presents a study of socio-cultural transformations in traditional societies in the context of globalization. The authors emphasize that global changes have affected all aspects of traditional societies using the socio-cultural approach. Postmodern culture, the problems of self-identification at different levels of the human community are the main consequences of globalization. The differences between the social strata are leveled through the introduction of a mass unified consumerism culture, desubjectivation of the individual and public institutions takes place. The social space has changed, the forms of human interaction with the external environment and interpersonal communications have changed. Previously existing models of communications, which were direct interpersonal relations, were replaced in the modern world by forms of mediated communication. They bring new patterns of behavior and understanding of sociocultural reality. Changing the traditional family as an important subject of socialization and translation of spiritual values leads to further transformations in society.     Keywords: sociocultural transformations; values; globalization; society; traditions

Сопряженные процессы на основе реакции окисления оксида углерода (II).

The catalytic systems are proposed to oxidize CO: solutions PdX2-organic solvent, where solvent is 1,4- dioxan or tetrahydrofuran, X – Br, I. It was shown that a number of conjugated processes proceed in these systems.Предложены новые каталитические системы для окисления СО: растворы PdX2- органический растворитель, где Х – галоид (лучше бром или иод), органический растворитель – 1.4-диоксан или тетрагидрофуран. Показано, что в этих системах протекает ряд сопряженных процессов

Результаты комбинированного лечения резектабельного рака желудка в зависимости от статуса микросателлитной нестабильности

Background. microsatellite instability (MSI) is a prognostic marker of survival in many malignant diseases and show resistance to chemotherapy at early stages of colorectal cancer and show no benefits from chemotherapy at early stages of colorectal cancer. However, the role of MSI in resectable gastric cancer (GC) remains unknown.Aim. To study the results of treatment of resectable gastric cancer with microsatellite instability.Materials and methods. The study included 286 patients with resectable gC who received treatment at the N. N. Blokhin national medical Research Center of Oncology. All patients underwent PCR testing for MSI-H in 5 markers (BAT25, BAT26, NR21, NR24, NR27). Tumor regression grades (TRG) were evaluated according to the mandard tumour regression score, including disease-free survival and overall survival.Results. MSI indicated in 27 cases (9.44 %) out of 286 resectable gastric cancer. In group patients who received only surgical treatment, 2-year disease-free survival in patients with MSI-H was 77.80 % versus 88.29 % in MSS patients (hazard ratio (HR) 1.82, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.37–8.82, p = 0.45), 2-year overall survival in patients with MSI-H was 88.90 % versus 95.36 % in MSS patients (HR 2.03, 95 % CI 0.20–19.8, p = 0.54). In patients who received perioperative chemotherapy, 28.57 % (4 / 14) had progression in MSI-H tumor versus 3.61 % (6 / 166) in MSS tumor (p <0.001). In group patients who received treatment combined with chemotherapy, 2-year disease-free survival in patients with MSI-H was 59.60 % versus 67.36 % (HR 1.96, CI 95 % 0.88–4.35, p = 0.09), 2-year overall survival in patients with MSI-H was 67.30 % versus 85.86 % in MSS patients (HR 1.86, 95 % CI 0.64–5.41, p = 0.25)Conclusion. MSI-H is not a favorable prognosis factor in patients with resectable GC who are treated surgically combined with chemotherapy. The prevalence of progression in patients with MSI-H-status is higher than MSS-status with perioperative chemotherapy (FLOT / FOLFIRINOX).Введение. Микросателлитная нестабильность является прогностическим маркером выживаемости при многих злокачественных заболеваниях и не имеет преимуществ при химиотерапии на ранних стадиях рака толстой кишки. Однако роль микросателлитной нестабильности при резектабельном раке желудка остается неизвестной.Цель исследования – изучение влияния микросателлитной нестабильности на результаты лечения пациентов с резектабельным раком желудка.Материалы и методы. В исследуемой группе было 286 пациентов с резектабельным раком желудка, получивших лечение в ФГБУ «НМИЦ онкологии им. Н.Н. Блохина» Минздрава России. У всех больных проводился тест на микросателлитную нестабильность с помощью BAT25, BAT26, NR21, NR24, NR27. Оценивались степень патоморфологического регресса (TRG) по A. m. mandard, безрецидивная и общая выживаемость.Результаты. Микросателлитная нестабильность (MSI) выявлена у 27 (9,44 %) из 286 больных операбельным раком желудка. В группе пациентов, получивших только хирургическое лечение, 2-летняя безрецидивная выживаемость у больных с MSI-H-статусом по сравнению с MSS-статусом составила 77,80 % против 88,29 % (отношение рисков (ОР) 1,82, 95 % доверительный интервал (ДИ) 0,37–8,82, p = 0,45), 2-летняя общая выживаемость у больных с MSI-H-статусом по сравнению с MSS-статусом составила 88,90 % против 95,36 % (ОР 2,03, 95 % ДИ 0,20–19,8, p = 0,54). В группе пациентов, получивших периоперационную химиотерапию, у 28,57 % (4 / 14) пациентов с MSI-H-статусом прогрессировало заболевание против 3,61 % (6 / 166) пациентов с MSS-статусом (p <0,001). В группе пациентов, получивших комбинированное лечение с химиотерапией, 2-летняя безрецидивная выживаемость у больных с MSI-H-статусом по сравнению с MSS-статусом составила 59,60 % против 67,36 % (ОР 1,96, 95 % ДИ 0,88–4,35, p = 0,09), 2-летняя общая выживаемость у больных с MSI-H-статусом по сравнению с MSS-статусом составила 67,30 % против 85,86 % (ОР 1,86, 95 % ДИ 0,64–5,41, p = 0,25).Выводы. MSI-H является неблагоприятным фактором прогноза при хирургическом лечении с химиотерапией резектабельного рака желудка. Частота прогрессирования у больных РЖ с MSI-H-статусом опухоли выше, чем c MSS-статусом после периоперационной химиотерапии (FLOT / FOLFIRINOX)

RADIOACTIVITY OF ROCKS, SOILS AND NATURAL WATERS OF DAGESTAN AND DUE TO THEIR EFFECTIVE DOSE

The results of long-term radioecological studies in the mountainous areas of Dagestan. The data of the study of territorial exposure dose, determination of natural radioactive nuclides in rocks, soils and natural waters of Dagestan. The parameters of the correlation between alpha-and beta-activity of rocks, soil, and radon in water and indoor air. This paper discusses issues related to the formation of radiation dose from natural sources of ionizing radiation in the biosphere and as a result of this review - doses to man

Conjugated processes based on oxidation of carbon monoxide reaction.

The catalytic systems are proposed to oxidize CO: solutions PdX2-organic solvent, where solvent is 1,4- dioxan or tetrahydrofuran, X – Br, I. It was shown that a number of conjugated processes proceed in these systems

THE DYNAMICS OF THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE TEREK-KUMA LOWLAND DURING 120 YEARS

Abstract. Aim. This article is devoted to the analysis of climatic conditions of the territory of the Terek-Kuma Lowland. Data of the last 60 years (1951–2010) are compared with conditions of 1881–1935 (air temperature) and 1898–1948 (precipitation and relative humidity). Determination of tendencies in the age-old range, and for the last 60 years is given.Location. Terek-Kuma Lowland, Eastern Ciscaucasia, Russia.Methods. The following environmental parameters are characterized: the amount of monthly rainfall, average temperatures and humidity, evaporation, moisture ratio and the lack of moisture. Statistical characteristics (mean, variance, coefficient of variation) of annual precipitation, mean annual temperature and humidity, evaporation, lack of moisture are calculated. Separately, the same parameters were calculated for the warm (April – October) and cold (November – March) seasons. Significance of differences between them was assessed by the standard deviation (α) and the coefficient of variation (Cv).Results. Our analysis of the moisture conditions of the Terek-Kuma Lowland in the last 60 years has shown significant changes in key climate indicators in comparison with the corresponding (for the duration of observations) rates in preceding years. The average annual temperature for the period , including for the warm season (April – October), increased by 0.6 °C, annual precipitation decreased respectively by 29.6 and 35.9 mm. Coefficient of humidity (ratio of annual precipitation to evaporation) in the ambient range from 0.11 in 1898–1948 increased to 0.14 in 1951–2010.Conclusions. Aridity of the climate did not increase on this territory. In 1951–2010 coefficient of humidity increased to 0.14, and fits into the range for dry (arid) regions, while in 1898–1948 coefficient of humidity was 0.11 and it was an important characteristic of extra arid (very dry) areas

THE DYNAMICS OF THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF THE TEREK-KUMA LOWLAND DURING 120 YEARS

Abstract. Aim. This article is devoted to the analysis of climatic conditions of the territory of the Terek-Kuma Lowland. Data of the last 60 years (1951–2010) are compared with conditions of 1881–1935 (air temperature) and 1898–1948 (precipitation and relative humidity). Determination of tendencies in the age-old range, and for the last 60 years is given.Location. Terek-Kuma Lowland, Eastern Ciscaucasia, Russia.Methods. The following environmental parameters are characterized: the amount of monthly rainfall, average temperatures and humidity, evaporation, moisture ratio and the lack of moisture. Statistical characteristics (mean, variance, coefficient of variation) of annual precipitation, mean annual temperature and humidity, evaporation, lack of moisture are calculated. Separately, the same parameters were calculated for the warm (April – October) and cold (November – March) seasons. Significance of differences between them was assessed by the standard deviation (α) and the coefficient of variation (Cv).Results. Our analysis of the moisture conditions of the Terek-Kuma Lowland in the last 60 years has shown significant changes in key climate indicators in comparison with the corresponding (for the duration of observations) rates in preceding years. The average annual temperature for the period , including for the warm season (April – October), increased by 0.6 °C, annual precipitation decreased respectively by 29.6 and 35.9 mm. Coefficient of humidity (ratio of annual precipitation to evaporation) in the ambient range from 0.11 in 1898–1948 increased to 0.14 in 1951–2010.Conclusions. Aridity of the climate did not increase on this territory. In 1951–2010 coefficient of humidity increased to 0.14, and fits into the range for dry (arid) regions, while in 1898–1948 coefficient of humidity was 0.11 and it was an important characteristic of extra arid (very dry) areas.</p

THEORETICALLY POSSIBLE AND PRACTICALLY RELIZABLE PRODUCTIVITY OF THE LIGHT-CHESTNUT SOILS OF THE NORTHERN WEST PRECASPIAN REGION ACORDING TO THE MOISTURE AND SOLINITY (ON EXAMPLE OF KOCHUBEY BIOSPHERE STATION OF PIBR DNC RAS)

Abstract. The article presents the productivity data, the species composition and utilization rates phytocenoses FAR depending on theintegrals of dryness and moisture climate volatility, coefficient of moisture and dynamics of harmful salts in the soil according to years and seasons of the year.Methods.The studies were conducted on light-chestnut carbonate saline soil of Kochubey biosphere stations on the territory of the Terek- Kuma Lowland Precaspianregion in 2011–2013. The calculation of the use of FAR was conducted using the formula A.A. Nichiporovich to determine the theoretically possible yield of plants. Klimatogrammy during these years has been compiled by the method Walter. Stocks above and below ground plant matter into account by the method of A.A.Titlyanova.The names of species given by S.K. Cherepanov.Results. According to the results of our observations, the most important for achieving high productivity ephemeral synusia under these conditions include precipitation for April and May. Between the amount of rainfall in April and May and the productivity of abovegroundphytomass ofephemera direct correlation exists, which in 2011 had a strong, and in the next two years-the average severity. In 2012 the volatility increased, KU fell in 5 times. Such weather conditions contributed to the rise of water-soluble salts to the upper soil horizons and substantial change in species composition phytocenoses. The content Cl- in the layer 0–20 cm over the same period 2011 increased in 3.9 times, SO4--- 1.7 in times. If in 2011 the stepen soil salinity in the layer 0–35 cm characterized as weak, in 2012 the average at the same chloride- sulphate type of salinity. Obviously , an increase in the content of Cl- - ions and its relationship to the S04-- contributed to a dramatic increase in productivity and thistle herbs in 2012. Luxuriant growth of Salsola iberica Sennen et Pau particularly stood.Thus, the formation of a biomass and species composition in the Terek-Kuma Lowland Precaspian is the result of the cumulative effects of different environmental factors, the main ones are: precipitation, air temperature, its relative humidity, evaporation, moisture ratio and the degree of soil salinity and chemistry. These dependencies are expressed by the following multiple regression equation. Depending on climatic conditions, the pasture use phytocoenoses 0,20–0,57 % FAR. Win ephemera and ephemeroids of this amount is an average over years of research about 20 %, the remaining 80%-grasses and thistle, the majority of which occur in Salsola iberica Sennen et Pau, bad eating animals and less valuable as fodder representative thistle. Main conclusion.Our results suggest that, in the context of the Terek-Kuma Lowland there are two peaks of productivity of phytocenoses: first one of ephemeras andephemeroids is in mid-May to early July, the second one of grasses and thistleis in the second half of September. The main factors to achieve high productivity ephemeras and ephemeroids on light-chestnut soil of the North- West Precaspian are about 80–85 mm rainfall during April – May, with average daily air temperature 15–16 °C, its relative humidity 70–73 %, volatility of 130–140 mm, KU 0.30, chloride-sulphate type of salinity in the layer of a low degree of 0–35 cm. In years with heavy rainfall in July and August (102 mm), despite an increase in average daily air temperature to 25–26 °C and volatility to 275mm, a relatively high KU (0.21), the content of Cl-in the layer 0–20 cm reduced 1,40 mg-ekv./100 g, ratio Cl-:SO4-- to 0,59–0,84 and productivity grasses and Salsola iberica Sennen et Pauincreased. The FAR utilization reaches 0.57, of which the biomass of grasses and Salsola iberica Sennenet Pau falls 87.6 % (2012).The task of future research is to determine its phitomeliorative role: removal of salt-forming ions from the soil and itsfurther redistribution in ecosystem, considering the nature of movement on the territory of Salsola iberica Sennen et Pau

Ecological Aspects of the Formation of Regraded Solonchak in the Terek-Kuma Lowland of the Caspian

Aim. To reveal the basic patterns and principles of formation on the surface of crusty solonchak of an aeolian-accumulative horizon and its positive transformation at the taxonomic level.Material and Methods. On the surface of crusty solonchak there is formed a layer of silt-sand fractions with seeds of wild phytocenoses which move/перемещаюихся over the surface of the soil under the influence of atmospheric processes with the utilization of woody material protruding above the soil surface to 0.2 m. Analyses, surveys and observations were carried out of the key parts (for investigation - under the aeolian layer) of the crusty solonchak transformed through the dynamics of humidity, lowering of soil moisture (SC), granulometric composition, chemistry and level of soil salinity, as well as determination of the species composition of the phytocenoses and the accumulation of phytomass by plants.Results. The possibility was revealed of a positive transformation within eight years of a layer of silt-sand fractions with seeds of wild phytocenoses in the Wael humus horizon with a capacity of 5 cm ± 0.8 cm and containing 1.26% of humus. The type of salinization remains sulphate-chloride but the level of salinization decreases from very strong in the 0-5 layer to weak one in the 6-15 cm layer - on average. The profile of the crusty solonchak Скк [AJk - AJ,s - BCA,s - Cca,s] is changed to that of regraded solonchak Ckw [Wael - AJ,s - BCA,s - Cca,s]. The granulometric composition of the soil is improved and a productive phytocenosis is formed.Conclusion. The positive transformation of crusty solonchak to regraded contributes to the reduction of soil deflation and of aerial contamination by dust particle fractions, the lowering of carbon emissions from the soil and of the natural greenhouse effect, the increase of the utilization coefficient of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and the prevention of excessive overheating of the soil and atmosphere