138 research outputs found
Charge dynamics in two-electron quantum dots
We investigate charge dynamics in a two-electron double quantum dot. The
quantum dot is manipulated by using a time-dependent external voltage that
induces charge oscillations between the dots. We study the dependence of the
charge dynamics on the external magnetic field and on the periodicity of the
external potential. We find that for suitable parameter values, it is possible
to induce both one-electron and two-electron oscillations between the dots.Comment: 4 pages, 7 figures, proceedings of the Quantum Dot 2010 conferenc
Single Qubit State Estimation on NISQ Devices with Limited Resources and SIC-POVMs
Current quantum computers have the potential to overcome classical
computational methods, however, the capability of the algorithms that can be
executed on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices is limited due to hardware
imperfections. Estimating the state of a qubit is often needed in different
quantum protocols, due to the lack of direct measurements. In this paper, we
consider the problem of estimating the quantum state of a qubit in a quantum
processing unit without conducting direct measurements of it. We consider a
parameterized measurement model to estimate the quantum state, represented as a
quantum circuit, which is optimized using the quantum tomographic transfer
function. We implement and test the circuit using the quantum computer of the
Technical Research Centre of Finland as well as an IBM quantum computer. We
demonstrate that the set of positive operator-valued measurements used for the
estimation is symmetric and informationally complete. Moreover, the resources
needed for qubit estimation are reduced when direct measurements are allowed,
keeping the symmetric property of the measurements.Comment: Conference paper for the IEEE International Conference on Quantum
Computing and Engineering (QCE) 202
Investigation of municipal solid waste (MSW) and industrial landfills as a potential source of secondary raw materials
Many of the secondary raw materials (SRM) in landfills constitute valuable and scarce natural resources. It has already been recognised that the recovery of these elements is critical for the sustainability of a number of industries and SRM recov¬ery from anthropogenic waste deposits represents a significant opportunity. In this study, the characterisation of the different waste fractions and the amount of SRM that can potentially be recovered from two landfill sites in Finland is presented. The first site was a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill site and it was specifically in¬vestigated for its metals, SRM, plastics, wood, paper, and cardboard content as well as its fine fraction (<20 mm). The second site was an industrial landfill site contain¬ing residual wastes from industrial processes including 1) aluminium salt slag from refining process of aluminium scrap and 2) shredding residues from automobiles, household appliances and other metals containing waste. This site was investigated for its metals and SRM recovery potential as well as its fine fraction. Results suggest that the fine fraction offers opportunities for metal (Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and SRM extraction and recovery from both landfill site types while the chemical composition of the industrial waste landfill offered greater opporutinity as it was comparable to typical aluminium salt slags. Nevertheless, the concentrations of rare earth metals (REE) and other valuable elements were low even in comparison with the concentra¬tions found in the Earth’s crust. Therefore mining landfill sites only for their metals or SRM content is not expected to be financially viable. However, other opportunities, such as waste-derived fuels from excavated materials especially at MSW landfill sites, still exists and fosters the application and feasibility of landfill mining
Enhancement by postfiltering for speech and audio coding in ad-hoc sensor networks
Enhancement algorithms for wireless acoustics sensor networks~(WASNs) are
indispensable with the increasing availability and usage of connected devices
with microphones. Conventional spatial filtering approaches for enhancement in
WASNs approximate quantization noise with an additive Gaussian distribution,
which limits performance due to the non-linear nature of quantization noise at
lower bitrates. In this work, we propose a postfilter for enhancement based on
Bayesian statistics to obtain a multidevice signal estimate, which explicitly
models the quantization noise. Our experiments using PSNR, PESQ and MUSHRA
scores demonstrate that the proposed postfilter can be used to enhance signal
quality in ad-hoc sensor networks
Coherent control of three-spin states in a triple quantum dot
Spin qubits involving individual spins in single quantum dots or coupled
spins in double quantum dots have emerged as potential building blocks for
quantum information processing applications. It has been suggested that triple
quantum dots may provide additional tools and functionalities. These include
the encoding of information to either obtain protection from decoherence or to
permit all-electrical operation, efficient spin busing across a quantum
circuit, and to enable quantum error correction utilizing the three-spin
Greenberger-Horn-Zeilinger quantum state. Towards these goals we demonstrate
for the first time coherent manipulation between two interacting three-spin
states. We employ the Landau-Zener-St\"uckelberg approach for creating and
manipulating coherent superpositions of quantum states. We confirm that we are
able to maintain coherence when decreasing the exchange coupling of one spin
with another while simultaneously increasing its coupling with the third. Such
control of pairwise exchange is a requirement of most spin qubit architectures
but has not been previously demonstrated.Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures, and 2 table
An advanced Bayesian model for the visual tracking of multiple interacting objects
Visual tracking of multiple objects is a key component of many visual-based systems. While there are reliable
algorithms for tracking a single object in constrained scenarios, the object tracking is still a challenge in
uncontrolled situations involving multiple interacting objects that have a complex dynamics. In this article, a novel
Bayesian model for tracking multiple interacting objects in unrestricted situations is proposed. This is accomplished
by means of an advanced object dynamic model that predicts possible interactive behaviors, which in turn depend
on the inference of potential events of object occlusion. The proposed tracking model can also handle false and
missing detections that are typical from visual object detectors operating in uncontrolled scenarios. On the other
hand, a Rao-Blackwellization technique has been used to improve the accuracy of the estimated object trajectories,
which is a fundamental aspect in the tracking of multiple objects due to its high dimensionality. Excellent results
have been obtained using a publicly available database, proving the efficiency of the proposed approach
Assessing the opportunities of landfill mining as a source of critical raw materials in Europe
Many of the metals in landfill constitute valuable and scarce natural resources. It
has already been recognised that the recovery of these elements is critical for the sustainability
of a number of industries. Arsenic (which is an essential part of the production of transistors and
LEDs) is predicted to run out sometime in the next five to 50 years if consumption continues at
the present rate. Nickel used for anything involving stainless steel and platinum group metals
(PGMs) used in catalytic converters, fertilisers and others are also identified as critical materials
(CM) to the EU economy at risk of depletion However, despite the increasing demand, none of
this supply is supported by recycling. This is due to the high cost of recovery from low
concentrations when compared to conventional mining. As demonstrated by the two pilot case
studies of this study, mining landfill sites only for their metals content is not expected to be
financially viable. However, other opportunities such as Waste-derived fuels from excavated
materials exist which if combined , form the concept of ‘enhanced landfill mining’. have the
potential to be highly energetic. The energy potential is comparable to the levels of energy of
Refuse-Derived Fuels (RDF) produced from non-landfilled wastes
ExoMars 2016 Schiaparelli Module Trajectory and Atmospheric Profiles Reconstruction: Analysis of the On-board Inertial and Radar Measurements
On 19th October 2016 Schiaparelli module of the ExoMars 2016 mission flew through the Mars atmosphere. After successful entry and descent under parachute, the module failed the last part of the descent and crashed on the Mars surface. Nevertheless the data transmitted in real time by Schiaparelli during the entry and descent, together with the entry state vector as initial condition, have been used to reconstruct both the trajectory and the profiles of atmospheric density, pressure and temperature along the traversed path.
The available data-set is only a small sub-set of the whole data acquired by Schiaparelli, with a limited data rate (8 kbps) and a large gap during the entry because of the plasma blackout on the communications.
This paper presents the work done by the AMELIA (Atmospheric Mars Entry and Landing Investigations and Analysis) team in the exploitation of the available inertial and radar data. First a reference trajectory is derived by direct integration of the inertial measurements and a strategy to overcome the entry data gap is proposed. First-order covariance analysis is used to estimate the uncertainties on all the derived parameters. Then a refined trajectory is computed incorporating the measurements provided by the on-board radar altimeter.
The derived trajectory is consistent with the events reported in the telemetry and also with the impact point identified on the high-resolution images of the landing site.
Finally, atmospheric profiles are computed tacking into account the aerodynamic properties of the module. Derived profiles result in good agreement with both atmospheric models and available remote sensing observations
Quantifying uncertainty, variability and likelihood for ordinary differential equation models
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In many applications, ordinary differential equation (ODE) models are subject to uncertainty or variability in initial conditions and parameters. Both, uncertainty and variability can be quantified in terms of a probability density function on the state and parameter space.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The partial differential equation that describes the evolution of this probability density function has a form that is particularly amenable to application of the well-known method of characteristics. The value of the density at some point in time is directly accessible by the solution of the original ODE extended by a single extra dimension (for the value of the density). This leads to simple methods for studying uncertainty, variability and likelihood, with significant advantages over more traditional Monte Carlo and related approaches especially when studying regions with low probability.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>While such approaches based on the method of characteristics are common practice in other disciplines, their advantages for the study of biological systems have so far remained unrecognized. Several examples illustrate performance and accuracy of the approach and its limitations.</p
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