Ottoman Mosques in Sana\u27a, Yemen Archeological and Architectural Study

The Ottoman presence in Yemen is divided into two periods, first period from 945 AH until 1045 AH, and then the second from 1289 AH until 1336 AH, Ottomans interested during their presence in Yemen to establish different types of charitable buildings especially, religious buildings, which include mosques, madrassas, and shrines. The aim of interest of Ottomans governors to make significant civilized and architectural renaissance in Yemen, especially Sana\u27a, with emphasis on establishment mosques to get closer to God and to gain sympathy and love of the people of Yemen. Most of these mosques do the role of the madrassas as documents indicate like mosque of Özdemir, Al-Muradiyya and Al-Bakiriyya therefore, Ottomans are Hanifite Sunni and want by these mosques to facing shite and spread Sunni.In this paper researcher will discuss styles of Ottoman mosques in Sana\u27a. There are eight mosques, seven dates to the first period of Ottomans in Yemen and only one date to the second period of Ottomans in Yemen

Linerboard made from Soda-Anthraquinone (Soda-AQ) treated coconut coir fiber and effect of pulp beating

The performance of coir fiber in the production of linerboard made from soda-anthraquinone (soda-AQ) pulp was evaluated. Based on chemical analysis, the composition of coir fiber is suitable for the pulping process. Out of nine pulping conditions characterized, a pulping condition of 18% active alkali for 90 min cooking time was chosen. These conditions provided the highest screened yield (48.99%), a low rejection yield (0.27%), high viscosity (11.73 cP), and a kappa number (41) that is acceptable for unbleached linerboard production. Beating strengthened the coir pulp. Analyzing the beating revealed that coir pulp was optimized at 1000 to 2000 revolutions, based on a graph of freeness vs. burst index. For all beating conditions (1000 to 8000 revolutions), FESEM micrographs showed the presence of internal and external fibrillation of the fiber, which gradually increased fiber conformability and improved the inter-fiber bonding within the paper formation. Based on its burst strength of 4.57 kPa.m2/g and ring crush test of 1.76 Nm2/g, which complies with the minimum requirement of the industry standard, coir fiber can be considered an alternative fiber source for linerboard production

Physico-mechanical properties of polymer concrete containing micro-filler of palm oil fuel ash

Objective of this study is to present a research conducted on ground (fine) and unground (coarse) POFA in polymer concrete (PC) followed by determination on the physico-mechanical properties of PC. Physical properties of micro-fillers and mechanical properties of produced PCs were characterized. Calcium carbonate and silica sand were also used as micro-fillers for comparison purpose. The samples were subjected to compression and flexural. Morphology images of the particles were captured under morphology test to support the findings. Results showed that fine POFA micro-filler has a highly promising potential in becoming PC filler compared to coarse micro-filler. Additionally, its produced PC had comparable strength to PC with calcium carbonate. From the strength development and sustainability stand point, fine POFA has demonstrated its capability to produce quality and sustainable P

Suitability of coir fibers as pulp and paper

This study was to investigate the suitability of coir fibers as an alternative material in making pulp and paper. Maceration process was used to characterize the fiber. Soda-AQ pulping with various combinations of active alkali (18-22%) and cooking time (90- 150 minutes) at fixed temperature was done. Physical properties evaluated were density, brightness, opacity, scattering coefficient, tear, burst and tensile index. As concentration of active alkali and cooking time increased, the physical properties values also increased, except for the opacity and scattering coefficient. The optimum condition for producing the strongest paper is using 22% active alkali in 120 minutes

HUBUNGAN ANTARA FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KESEDIAAN PELAJAR TERHADAP AMALAN ETIKA PROFESIONAL JURUTERA (THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FACTORS INFLUENCING STUDENT’S READLINESS TO PRACTICE PROFESSIONAL ETHICS OF ENGINEERS)

ABSTRAK Faktor kesediaan pengetahuan, sikap dan persekitaran merupakan aspek penting kepada para pelajar kejuruteraan dalam memahami dan mengamalkan etika profesional jurutera. Pembentukan etika profesional jurutera dalam kalangan pelajar sewajarnya bermula di peringkat pengajian di universiti. Etika professional ialah etika yang melibatkan nilai dan tingkah laku individu. Memahami amalan etika yang baik dapat membantu para pelajar dalam mengamalkan etika apabila mereka berada di dalam bidang pekerjaan kelak. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti hubungan di antara faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesediaan pelajar kejuruteraan dalam amalan etika profesional jurutera. Kajian ini dijalankan menggunakan borang selidik bagi mendapatkan maklumat balas berkaitan kajian. Seramai 157 orang responden yang terdiri daripada pelajar kejuruteraan telah menjawab borang soal selidik yang diedarkan. Data dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensi dengan menggunakan perisian SPSS versi 22.0. Diharapkan dapatan kajian ini dapat memberi maklumat awal berkaitan persediaan pelajar dalam menyediakan diri sebagai seorang jurutera profesional. Kata kunci: Hubungan, kesediaan, etika profesional                   ABSTRACT Factors of knowledge readiness, attitudes and environments are important aspects for engineering students in understanding and practicing the professional ethics of engineers. The formation of professional engineering ethics among students should begin at the tertiary level. Professional ethics involves personal values and behaviour. Recognising the best ethical practices can help students to practice them at the workplace in the future. This study aimed to identify the relationship between factors which influenced engineering students’ readiness in practicing the professional ethics of engineers. A survey was conducted by using questionnaires to obtain feedback for the study. A total of 157 engineering students became the respondents for the questionnaires. Data were analysed using SPSS version 22.0 software to obtain the descriptive and inferential statistics. It is hoped that the findings of this study can provide preliminary information related to the students’ readiness in preparing themselves to become professional engineers. Keywords: Relationship, readiness, professional ethic

Influence of Some Agricultural Extension Television Elements on Diffusion of Agricultural Information, Rural Knowledge and New Technologies to Tenants in the Gezira Province

Agricultural extension and rural information services provide rural people with information and rural knowledge which they need in order to increase their production, incomes and consequently improve their standard of living. Therefore, rural information systems must involve rural communities and local needs must also be of prime importance. Field surveys were used to collect data from 120 tenants in the Gezira Province in 2003/2004 growing season selected from a total population of 120000 tenants distributed in eight extension areas in the province by using the simple random sampling technique. The collected data were statistically analyzed using percentage and frequency distributions. The results showed unsuitability of some elements of extension television with tenants conditions and preferences in the Gezira Province. It could be concluded that the inconvenient time of broadcasting of extension television programs and their improper presentation negatively influenced diffusion of agricultural information, rural knowledge and new technologies to tenants in the Gezira Province. Thus, more attention should be given to planning, producing and time of transmitting of extension message through effective use of extension television elements

The Creation Of An Eco-Tourism Site A Case Study Of Pulau Singa Besar.

Ecotourism is the fastest growing form of tourism in Malaysia. It currently makes up about 10% of the country's tourism revenue

Outlier detection in 2 × 2 crossover design using Bayesian framework

We consider the problem of outlier detection method in 2×2 crossover design via Bayesian framework. We study the problem of outlier detection in bivariate data fitted using generalized linear model in Bayesian framework used by Nawama. We adapt their work into a 2×2 crossover design. In Bayesian framework, we assume that the random subject effect and the errors to be generated from normal distributions. However, the outlying subjects come from normal distribution with different variance. Due to the complexity of the resulting joint posterior distribution, we obtain the information on the posterior distribution from samples by using Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling. We use two real data sets to illustrate the implementation of the method

Experimental results on the shear behaviour of steel fibre self-compacting concrete (SFSCC) beams

This paper presents an experimental test program that was carried out to investigate the shear performance of steel fibre self-compacting concrete (SFSCC) beams. In this paper, the mechanical performance of results from all mixtures used to cast normal concrete (NC), self-compacting concrete (SCC) and steel fibre self-compacting concrete (SFSCC) were also investigated. In total, 27 cubes, 9 cylinders, 9 prisms and 9 beams were prepared for the assessment of mechanical properties of three different mixtures. Four beams (125 mm × 250 mm × 2200 mm) were tested and cast using three different concrete mixtures, having two different spacing of stirrups as a result of 50% reduction of the stirrups amount. Three beams with different mixtures having similar stirrups spacing 125mm while the fourth beam with SFSCC mixes having 250mm stirrups spacing. The results show that the mechanical properties were positively affected with steel fibres inclusion. The addition of steel fibres showed an increment up to 40% in the shear load capacity for B-SFSCC125 compared to B-NC125 and B-SCC125. In addition, the crack pattern of B-SFSCC was found better than B-NC and B-SCC