814 research outputs found
PDB90 Adherence To Insulin Theapy May Substantially Reduce Costs Associated With Health Resource Utilization Among Insulin Pen Users With Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus
Parametric localized modes in quadratic nonlinear photonic structures
We analyze two-color spatially localized modes formed by parametrically
coupled fundamental and second-harmonic fields excited at quadratic (or chi-2)
nonlinear interfaces embedded into a linear layered structure --- a
quasi-one-dimensional quadratic nonlinear photonic crystal. For a periodic
lattice of nonlinear interfaces, we derive an effective discrete model for the
amplitudes of the fundamental and second-harmonic waves at the interfaces (the
so-called discrete chi-2 equations), and find, numerically and analytically,
the spatially localized solutions --- discrete gap solitons. For a single
nonlinear interface in a linear superlattice, we study the properties of
two-color localized modes, and describe both similarities and differences with
quadratic solitons in homogeneous media.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure
Bombesin and epidermal growth factor stimulate the mitogen-activated protein kinase through different pathways in Swiss 3T3 cells
Higher-order nonlinear modes and bifurcation phenomena due to degenerate parametric four-wave mixing
We demonstrate that weak parametric interaction of a fundamental beam with
its third harmonic field in Kerr media gives rise to a rich variety of families
of non-fundamental (multi-humped) solitary waves. Making a comprehensive
comparison between bifurcation phenomena for these families in bulk media and
planar waveguides, we discover two novel types of soliton bifurcations and
other interesting findings. The later includes (i) multi-humped solitary waves
without even or odd symmetry and (ii) multi-humped solitary waves with large
separation between their humps which, however, may not be viewed as bound
states of several distinct one-humped solitons.Comment: 9 pages, 17 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Spatial determinants of specificity in insulin action
Insulin is a potent stimulator of intermediary metabolism, however the basis for the remarkable specificity of insulin's stimulation of these pathways remains largely unknown. This review focuses on the role compartmentalization plays in insulin action, both in signal initiation and in signal reception. Two examples are discussed: (1) a novel signalling pathway leading to the phosphorylation of the caveolar coat protein caveolin, and (2) a recently identified scaffolding protein, PTG, involved directly in the regulation of enzymes controlling glycogen metabolism.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45334/1/11010_2004_Article_156837.pd
A subcutaneous adipose tissue-liver signalling axis controls hepatic gluconeogenesis.
The search for effective treatments for obesity and its comorbidities is of prime importance. We previously identified IKK-ε and TBK1 as promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of obesity and associated insulin resistance. Here we show that acute inhibition of IKK-ε and TBK1 with amlexanox treatment increases cAMP levels in subcutaneous adipose depots of obese mice, promoting the synthesis and secretion of the cytokine IL-6 from adipocytes and preadipocytes, but not from macrophages. IL-6, in turn, stimulates the phosphorylation of hepatic Stat3 to suppress expression of genes involved in gluconeogenesis, in the process improving glucose handling in obese mice. Preliminary data in a small cohort of obese patients show a similar association. These data support an important role for a subcutaneous adipose tissue-liver axis in mediating the acute metabolic benefits of amlexanox on glucose metabolism, and point to a new therapeutic pathway for type 2 diabetes
Selective Reflection Spectroscopy at the Interface between a Calcium Fluoride Window and Cs Vapour
A special vapour cell has been built, that allows the measurement of the
atom-surface van der Waals interaction exerted by a CaF2 window at the
interface with Cs vapour. Mechanical and thermal fragility of fluoride windows
make common designs of vapour cells unpractical, so that we have developed an
all-sapphire sealed cell with an internal CaF2 window. Although impurities were
accidentally introduced when filling-up the prototype cell, leading to a
line-broadening and shift, the selective reflection spectrum on the Cs D1 line
(894 nm) makes apparent the weak van der Waals surface interaction. The
uncertainties introduced by the effects of these impurities in the van der
Waals measurement are nearly eliminated when comparing the selective reflection
signal at the CaF2 interface of interest, and at a sapphire window of the same
cell. The ratio of the interaction respectively exerted by a sapphire interface
and a CaF2 interface is found to be 0.55 0.25, in good agreement with the
theoretical evaluation of ~0.67.Comment: soumis \`a Appl Phys B MS 4734
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