Lightweight amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules on flexible plastic substrate

Solar cells on lightweight and flexible substrates have advantages over glass-or wafer-based photovoltaic devices in both terrestrial and space applications. Here, we report on development of amorphous silicon thin film photovoltaic modules fabricated at maximum deposition temperature of 150 degrees C on 100 mu m thick polyethylene-naphtalate plastic films. Each module of 10 cm x 10 cm area consists of 72 a-Si:H n-i-p rectangular structures with transparent conducting oxide top electrodes with Al fingers and metal back electrodes deposited through the shadow masks. Individual structures are connected in series forming eight rows with connection ports provided for external blocking diodes. The design optimization and device performance analysis are performed using a developed SPICE model

'Porosity evaluation of the "archival" full-size core using nuclear magnetic resonance

Project devoted to the porosity definition of the full-size core which for a long time is stored in the core library using nuclear magnetic resonance. The paper describes an experiment of the full-size carbonate core saturation by mineralized water and the measurement of its voids ratio. The work shows the possibility of using the NMR method for assessing the porosity of the «archival» full-size carbonate core on condition of the correct saturation process by model of formation water. The study can be further used to conduct similar experiments with full-size core from the oil bearing horizons layers

Lightweight amorphous silicon photovoltaic modules on flexible plastic substrate

Solar cells on lightweight and flexible substrates have advantages over glass-or wafer-based photovoltaic devices in both terrestrial and space applications. Here, we report on development of amorphous silicon thin film photovoltaic modules fabricated at maximum deposition temperature of 150 degrees C on 100 mu m thick polyethylene-naphtalate plastic films. Each module of 10 cm x 10 cm area consists of 72 a-Si:H n-i-p rectangular structures with transparent conducting oxide top electrodes with Al fingers and metal back electrodes deposited through the shadow masks. Individual structures are connected in series forming eight rows with connection ports provided for external blocking diodes. The design optimization and device performance analysis are performed using a developed SPICE model

Mentoring as a Predominant Factor Affecting Well-Being of Older People

The authors of the paper studied the state of well-being of older people who retired and stop working at the company they have worked for over 20 years. The survey provided some useful insights into the problem with the reference to three samples of 10 older people from each group: 1) older people who retired and keep in touch with the previous organisation; 2) older people who retired and continue working at the company as consultants, supervisors, experts, mentors etc.; 3) older people who retired and work in another enterprise and lost the touch with the previous organisation. Retired people took part in present research by completing a questionnaire survey. A set of data was examined by being compared to reveal the state of older people’s well-being criteria predominance in the various sample groups

Сбалансированность статистики внешней торговли: вопросы и пути их решения в регионе СНГ

Main characteristics of the foreign trade statistics and the corresponding balance of payments positions by the region of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS region) are compared, methodological approaches to data harmonization are recommended. The authors propose a method of conventional data reconciliation as a tool for the foreign trade statistics analysis. Examples of balancing individual CIS countries from statistical practice are presented.В статье сравниваются основные характеристики статистики внешней торговли товарами и соответствующих позиций платежного баланса по региону Содружества Независимых Государств (регион СНГ), рекомендуются методологические подходы к согласованию данных. Авторами предлагается метод условной балансировки данных как инструмент анализа статистики внешней торговли. Приводятся примеры балансировки из статистической практики отдельных стран СНГ

Silicon-Germanium Films Deposited by Low Frequency PE CVD: Effect of H2 and Ar Dilution

We have studied structure and electrical properties of Si{sub 1-Y}Ge{sub Y}:H films deposited by low frequency PE CVD over the entire composition range from Y=0 to Y=1. The deposition rate of the films and their structural and electrical properties were measured for various ratios of the germane/silane feed gases and with and without dilution by Ar and by H{sub 2}. Structure and composition was studied by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Surface morphology was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). We found: (1) The deposition rate increased with Y maximizing at Y=1 without dilution. (2) The relative rate of Ge and Si incorporation is affected by dilution. (3) Hydrogen preferentially bonds to silicon. (4) Hydrogen content decreases for increasing Y. In addition, optical measurements showed that as Y goes for 0 to 1, the Fermi level moves from mid gap to the conduction band edge, i.e. the films become more n-type. No correlation was found between the pre-exponential and the activation energy of conductivity. The behavior of the conductivity {gamma}-factor suggests a local minimum in the density of states at E {approx} 0.33 eV for the films grown with or without H-dilution and E {approx} 0.25 eV for the films with Ar dilution