Ways to increase the efficiency of solar panels operating in isolated power supply systems

Abstract To cool solar panels in hot season, it is necessary to use special cooling devices. The most optimal way of cooling is the use of liquid cooling, realized by means of a pump. This article provides an overview and evaluation of ways to cool solar panels using various devices. The relevance of the research is caused by the need to reduce the temperature of solar panels in order to increase the output power in the hot season. The main aim of the research is to compare and choose the most optimal way to cool solar panels. Methods: comparative analysis, mathematical modeling in the ANSYS environment. Results. Comparative characteristic of TEM, radiators, fans and liquid cooling is given, an example of cooling a solar panel using liquid cooling to spray a liquid flow of 29 l/min is calculated. The panels will cool down from 45 to 35 °C in 4,7 minutes. For one EasySunSolar solar panel with a capacity of 100 W, costing $100, taking into account electrical work, an additional heat sink module will cost about$50

First hours of the GRB 030329 optical afterglow

We present the first results of the observations of the extremely bright optical afterglow of gamma-ray burst (GRB) 030329 with the 1.5m Russian-Turkish telescope RTT150 (TUBITAK National Observatory, Bakyrlytepe, Turkey). RTT150 was one of the first 1.5m-class telescopes pointed to the afterglow. Observations were started approximately 6 hours after the burst. During the first 5 hours of our observations the afterglow faded exactly as a power law with index -1.19+-0.01 in each of the BVRI Bessel filters. After that, in all BVRI filters simultaneously we observe a steepening of the power law light curve. The power law decay index smoothly approaches the value ~= -1.9, observed by other observatories later. This power law break occurs at t-t_0 =0.57 days and lasts for +-0.1 days. We observe no variability above the gradual fading with the upper limits 10--1% on time scales 0.1--1000s. Spectral flux distribution in four BVRI filters corresponds to the power law spectrum with spectral index \alpha=0.66+-0.01. The change of the power law decay index in the end of our observations can be interpreted as a signature of collimated ultrarelativistic jet. The afterglow flux distribution in radio, optical and x-rays is consistent with synchrotron spectrum. We continue our observations of this unique object with RTT150.Comment: Astronomy Letters, Vol. 29, No. 9, p. 573; 6 pages, 5 figures; pagination corrected; the original Russian version can be found at http://hea.iki.rssi.ru/~br/030329/pfh030329.pd

Additional spectroscopic redshift measurements for galaxy clusters from the First Planck Catalogue

We present the results of spectroscopic redshift measurements for the galaxy clusters from the first all-sky Planck catalogue of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich sources, that have been mostly identified by means of the optical observations performed previously by our team (Planck Collaboration, 2015a). The data on 13 galaxy clusters at redshifts from z=~0.2 to z=~0.8, including the improved identification and redshift measurement for the cluster PSZ1 G141.73+14.22 at z=0.828, are provided. The measurements were done using the data from Russian-Turkish 1.5-m telescope (RTT-150), 2.2-m Calar Alto Observatory telescope, and 6-m SAO RAS telescope (Bolshoy Teleskop Azimutalnyi, BTA).Comment: published in Astronomy Letter

The current pattern of reconstructive surgery for breast cancer

In Russia, breast cancer (BC) occupies a leading place in the pattern of cancers, the incidence of which is 20.9 %, among the female population; in 2013 there were 60,717 new cases, including women under the age of 40 years (15 %). While considering the history of the development of breast surgery from the operation performed by W. S. Halsted to its technique modified by J. L. Madden and the identification of sentinel lymph nodes, we can observe improved quality of life in patients in reference to the lower rate of the manifestation of lymphedemas. However, patients who have undergone this or that mastectomy are observed to have lower self-appraisal scores, a change in their professional sphere, irritability and apprehensiveness Thus, the decreased rate of the manifestation of lymphedema and obvious postoperative traumatization are not the only components of quality of life in patients with BC. According to the data obtained by E. Frank et al. (1978), G.P. Maguire et al. (1978), and F. Meerwein (1981), removal of the breast itself leads to a woman’s loss of femininity, attractiveness, and sexiness, which was also confirmed and reported by L. Aerts et al. (2014). In this connection, classical radical mastectomy begins to give way to organ-sparing treatment. Taking into account that psychotherapy and external prosthetics do not alleviate the above problems and that there are always women with established BC who have contraindications to organ-sparing treatment, breast reconstructive plastic operations arouse more and more interest. Reconstruction of the breast implies restoration of both its shape and contours to be maximally brought closer to its preoperative level. However, with regard to cancer alertness to breast reconstructive surgery, not only aesthetic requirements are imposed. The next step in improving quality of life in patients with BC was the emergence and development of breast-sparing mastectomies, the first point of these operations were skin-sparing radical mastectomies that were first described and performed by B. A. Tothu P. Lappert in 1991. In 1997 G. W. Carlson proposed to classify incisions for skin-sparing mastectomy successfully used to the present day. The investigation conducted by R. M. Simmons et al. (1999) indicated that skin-sparing mastectomy did not result in an increase in the incidence of local recurrences. The types of skin incisions, which were offered by G. W. Carlson in 1997 and used by R. M. Simmons in 1999, imply the preservation of the inframammary crease and a major portion of a skin graft, on the one hand, and the removal of the nipple-areolar complex (NAC), on the other hand, which in turn diminishes the final aesthetic result. B. Gerber et al. were the first to describe NAC preservation for BC. As regards the rate of local recurrences after NAC-sparing mastectomies, the vast majority of investigations performed in the past 10–15 years allude to the fact that NAC involvement is not more than 25 %. A. M. Munhoz in turn proposed a classification of incisions during NAC-saving mastectomies. In spite of all advantages of NAC-sparing mastectomies, their results are not always predictable. Main problems, such as wound healing difficulties or ischemic necrosis, are associated with the larger number of postoperative complications. Transfer of the patient’s own flaps does not always presume skin- or NAC-sparing mastectomy, as the possibility exists of preserving the skin on the most transferable flap. However, ruling out a patch symptom during subcutaneous or skin-sparing radical mastectomy considerably improves the aesthetic result of a performed operation. Taking into consideration that the incision types offered by G. W. Carlson and A. M. Munhoz depend on the site of a tumor, the surgical visibility problem is of relevance: visible postoperative scars, a difference in the skin texture, or restored NAC, all cause the women less satisfied. Thus, by achieving good results in restoring the contours, shape, volume, and symmetry of the breast, a visible postoperative scar is the only element that reveals a performed operation for BC

Observations of GRB 060526 Optical Afterglow with Russian-Turkish 1.5-m Telescope

We present the results of the photometric multicolor observations of GRB 060526 optical afterglow obtained with Russian-Turkish 1.5-m Telescope (RTT150, Mt. Bakirlitepe, Turkey). The detailed measurements of afterglow light curve, starting from about 5 hours after the GRB and during 5 consecutive nights were done. In addition, upper limits on the fast variability of the afterglow during the first night of observations were obtained and the history of afterglow color variations was measured in detail. In the time interval from 6 to 16 hours after the burst, there is a gradual flux decay, which can be described approximately as a power law with an index of -1.14+-0.02. After that the variability on the time scale \delta t < t is observed and the afterglow started to decay faster. The color of the afterglow, V-R=~0.5, is approximately the same during all our observations. The variability is detected on time scales up to \delta t/t =~ 0.0055 at \Delta F_\nu/F_\nu =~ 0.3, which violates some constraints on the variability of the observed emission from ultrarelativistic jet obtained by Ioka et al. (2005). We suggest to explain this variability by the fact that the motion of the emitting shell is no longer ultrarelativistic at this time.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, Astronomy Letters, 2007, 33, 797, The on-line data tables and the original text in Russian can be found at http://hea.iki.rssi.ru/grb/060526/indexeng.htm

Transient events in the near-nuclear regions of AGNs and quasars as the sources of the proper motion imitations

We present a sample of SRG/eROSITA X-ray sources located in the eastern Galactic hemisphere (0<l<180 deg), with significant proper motions according to GAIA eDR3 measurements and whose extragalactic nature has been confirmed. The catalog consists of 248 extragalactic sources with spectroscopically measured redshifts. It includes all objects available in the Simbad database and matched to the identified optical component within a radius of 0.5 arcsec. Additionally, the catalog includes 18 sources with the spectral redshift measurements based on observations at the Russian-Turkish 1.5-m telescope RTT-150. The sources of the catalog are AGNs of various types (Sy1, Sy2, LINER), quasars, radio galaxies, and star-forming galaxies. The imitation of significant proper motions can be explained (previously known in astrometry as the VIM effect) by the presence of transient events on the line of sight in the field of view of AGN nuclei and quasars (within the GAIA resolution element). Such astrophysical phenomena may be the supernovae outbursts, tidal destruction events in AGNs with double nuclei, variability of large-mass supergiants, the presence of O-B associations in field of view of variable brightness AGN, etc. A model of flares with a fast rise and exponential decay profile allows to describe the variable positional parameters of most similar sources observed in GAIA. This cross-matching approach of the X-ray source catalogs of the SRG/eROSITA observatory and the optical catalog of the GAIA observatory can be used as an independent technique for detecting transient events in the neighborhood of AGN core (on scales of several hundred parsecs in the picture plane).Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures, 10 table

New integrable extension of the Hubbard chain with variable range hopping

New integrable variant of the one-dimensional Hubbard model with variable-range correlated hopping is studied. The Hamiltonian is constructed by applying the quantum inverse scattering method on the infinite interval at zero density to the one-parameter deformation of the L-matrix of the Hubbard model. By construction, this model has Y(su(2))$\oplus$Y(su(2)) symmetry in the infinite chain limit. Multiparticle eigenstates of the model are investigated through this method.Comment: 25 pages, LaTeX, no figure

Персонифицированная реабилитация пациентов после новой коронавирусной инфекции: опыт Республики Марий Эл

Two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, not only the diagnosis and treatment, but also rehabilitation of patients at different times after the disease became relevant.The aim. To develop and analyze the efficiency of personalized hospital-based rehabilitation programs for COVID-19 patients.Methods. Retrospective analysis of medical records of 109 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the rehabilitation department. A team of physiotherapist, pulmonologist and psychiatrist used simulators (bicycle ergometer, treadmill, motomed, and stepper), physiotherapeutic exercises, training of respiratory muscles with Threshold IMT (Philips, Netherlands) simulators, psychotherapy, and physiotherapy.Results. A total of 109 patients, 59 (54%) men and 50 (46%) women, aged 56.54 ± 11.73 уears suffered from moderate (41%), severe (40%) and very severe (19%) COVID-19. 25% of the patients had concomitant diabetes mellitus, 65% – arterial hypertension, and 22% – ischemic heart disease. Patients with 5 rehabilitation points (5RP) on Rehabilitation Routing Scale walked a median distance of 110 [40; 248] m in the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), 4RP – 300 [240; 350] m in 6MWT, 3RP — 400 [360; 431] m in 6MWT. The difference in 6MWT distance was significant only between 4RP and 3RP groups (p &lt; 0.001). By the end of rehabilitation program, 6MWT increased by 90 m in 5RP group, by 120 m – in 4RP group, and by 89 m in patients with 3RP (p = 0.036 between RPs and 4RP groups; р = 0.007 between 3RP and 5RP groups, respectively). SpO2 was over 95% in all patients by the end of rehabilitation.Conclusion. Comorbid patients after severe COVID-19 demonstrated better rehabilitation potential seen as improvement of exercise tolerance and respiratory status. The original personalized rehabilitation programs improve significantly impaired body functions early on after severe COVID-19.Спустя 2 года с начала пандемии COVID-19 (COronaVIrus Disease-2019) все более актуализируются не только задачи диагностики и лечения, но и вопросы реабилитации пациентов на разных сроках после перенесенного заболевания.Целью исследования явилась оценка эффективности оригинальных персонифицированных программ, нацеленных на восстановление пациентов c COVID-19 в условиях круглосуточного стационара.Материалы и методы. Проведен ретроспективный анализ медицинских карт 109 пациентов с COVID-19, госпитализированных в реабилитационное отделение. Реабилитация проводилась командой специалистов (врач физической и реабилитационной медицины, пульмонолог, психиатр), включала персонифицированные тренировки на тренажерах (велоэргометр, тредмил, мотомед, степпер), лечебную физкультуру, тренировки дыхательной мускулатуры с тренажерами Threshold IMT (Philips, Нидерланды), психотерапию, физиотерапию.Результаты. В исследовании участвовали 59 мужчин (54 %) и 50 (46 %) женщин; средний возраст – 56,54 ± 11,73 года. У 41 % обследованных течение COVID-19 было среднетяжелым, у 40 % – тяжелым, у 19 % – крайне тяжелым. В структуре коморбидности регистрировались сахарный диабет (25 %), гипертоническая болезнь (65 %), ишемическая болезнь сердца (22 %). При поступлении пациенты с оценкой 5 баллов (РБ5) по шкале реабилитационной маршрутизации проходили в среднем 110 [40; 248] м в 6-минутном шаговом тесте, больные с оценкой 4 балла (РБ4) – 300 [240; 350] м, 3 балла (РБ3) – 400 [360; 431] м. Различия результатов 6-минутного шагового теста (6-МШТ) в группах с РБ4 и РБ3 были достоверны (p &lt; 0,001). В динамике прирост расстояния в 6-МШТ составил 90 м при РБ5, 120 м – при РБ4, 89 м – при РБ3 (p = 0,036 при сравнении РБ3 и РБ4; р = 0,007 при сравнении РБ3 и РБ5). К завершению реабилитационных программ у всех пациентов нормализовались показатели сатурации кислорода.Заключение. У пациентов с тяжелым COVID-9 и сопутствующими заболеваниями выявлен хороший реабилитационный потенциал, выражавшийся в повышении толерантности к физической нагрузке и улучшении респираторного статуса. Это позволяет говорить о влиянии на возможности восстановления нарушенных функций организма после тяжелых форм COVID-19

Validation of a test procedure for determination of specific activity of human recombinant interferon beta (Infibeta®) using various cell/virus combinations

Interferon beta preparations have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. One of the most important quality attributes that support efficacy and safety of interferon beta preparations is specific antiviral activity. Interferon beta activity is determined by the biological test method which can lead to an erroneous final result due to the system uncertainties that contribute to the overall uncertainty. Accurate assessment of specific activity plays an important role in adequate determination of the product’s therapeutic dose, therefore the test method standardisation and validation are of particular relevance. The aim of the study was to validate a test procedure for assessing specific activity of human recombinant interferon beta preparations, using various cell/virus combinations, as illustrated by the example of Infibeta®. Materials and methods: WISH, Vero, A-549, and MDBK cells in combination with mouse encephalomyocarditis virus were used in the study. The testing was performed using the biological test method based on the interferon ability to suppress virus-induced cytopathic effects in cell cultures. The results were processed using methods of mathematical statistics and the GraphPadPrism, Statistical 2/0 software package. Results: the paper compares the results of specific activity determination of Infibeta® (interferon beta-1b) using various cell/virus combinations. The dose-response curves were used to compare the test results. It was demonstrated that all the tested cell lines could be used in the biological test procedure for determination of interferon beta specific activity. However, the best results were obtained with A-549, WISH cells in combination with mouse encephalomyocarditis virus. The following validation characteristics were determined in the cell/virus systems: specificity, linearity, precision, and robustness. Conclusions: the study validated the test procedure that enables measurement of interferon beta specific activity in the range of 4.8–11.2 IU/mL at a satisfactory accuracy level, which guarantees reliable test results. The study demonstrated robustness, intermediate precision, and reproducibility of the test procedure

Position observations of NEAs at the RTT150

In 2004-2007, 560 observations of 17 Near-Earth Asteroids of 15-21 magnitudes were made at the Russian-Turkish telescope (RTT150). The reduction was made using reference stars from the UCAC2 and USNO-B1 catalogues. The comparison of the observed and calculated positions of the asteroids using the HORIZONS system gave standard errors of a single position in the range 0.05÷H 0.50″. Analysis of the (O - C) is given in this paper. © 2008 American Institute of Physics