Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Preliminary Validation of the Transsexual Voice Questionnaire for Male-to-Female Transsexuals (I-TVQ MtF) Into Italian

Summary: Objective.To perform a cross-cultural adaptation into Italian and to analyse reliability and valid-ity of the Transsexual Voice Questionnaire for male-to-female transsexuals (I-TVQMtF).Study Design.Cross-sectional nonrandomized survey study.Methods.For item-generation, a cross-cultural adaptation and translation process was performed followingstandard guidelines. Transgender women were consecutively recruited and asked tofill out the I-TVQMtFand aform on social, demographic and transition-related variables. Firstly, data collected from participants were usedto perform confirmatory factor analysis, and to evaluate internal consistency and test-retest reliability Subse-quently, convergent validity was evaluated comparing I-TVQMtFtotal scores with the two extra items addressingself-perception (SPVF) and aspiration (AVF) of voice femininity. To evaluate convergent validity, scores of theItalian version of the Voice Handicap Index were considered for comparisons. A correlation analysis was per-formed to verify potential association between I-TVQMtFscores and social, demographic and transition-relatedvariables.Results.Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that a two-factor modelfits data better than the unidimen-sional one. Both internal consistency and test retest reliability of the I-TVQMtFwere satisfactory. Negative corre-lations were highlighted between I-TVQMtFscores on one side and self-perception vocal functioning andaspiration vocal functioning on the other. Positive correlations between I-TVQMtFand Italian version of theVoice Handicap Index scores were also found. Finally, negative correlations were demonstrated between I-TVQMtFscores and time spent living in the female role.Conclusion.The I-TVQMtFappears to be a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of voice-relatedquality of life in transgender women

Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Preliminary Validation of the Transsexual Voice Questionnaire for Male-to-Female Transsexuals (I-TVQMtF) Into Italian

Objective: To perform a cross-cultural adaptation into Italian and to analyse reliability and validity of the Transsexual Voice Questionnaire for male-to-female transsexuals (I-TVQMtF). Study Design: Cross-sectional nonrandomized survey study. Methods: For item-generation, a cross-cultural adaptation and translation process was performed following standard guidelines. Transgender women were consecutively recruited and asked to fill out the I-TVQMtF and a form on social, demographic and transition-related variables. Firstly, data collected from participants were used to perform confirmatory factor analysis, and to evaluate internal consistency and test-retest reliability Subsequently, convergent validity was evaluated comparing I-TVQMtF total scores with the two extra items addressing self-perception (SPVF) and aspiration (AVF) of voice femininity. To evaluate convergent validity, scores of the Italian version of the Voice Handicap Index were considered for comparisons. A correlation analysis was performed to verify potential association between I-TVQMtF scores and social, demographic and transition-related variables. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that a two-factor model fits data better than the unidimensional one. Both internal consistency and test retest reliability of the I-TVQMtF were satisfactory. Negative correlations were highlighted between I-TVQMtF scores on one side and self-perception vocal functioning and aspiration vocal functioning on the other. Positive correlations between I-TVQMtF and Italian version of the Voice Handicap Index scores were also found. Finally, negative correlations were demonstrated between I-TVQMtF scores and time spent living in the female role. Conclusion: The I-TVQMtF appears to be a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of voice-related quality of life in transgender women