A prospective comparative study between Staplers and Conventional Hand-sewn Anastomosis in Gastrointestinal Surgery

INTRODUCTION : For a proper and perfect gastrointestinal anastomosis , the factors to be considered are ‘ time required for surgery’, ‘restoration of normal GI function’, ‘effective hemostasis’, ‘reduction of tissue damage’, and ‘prevention of postoperative mortality and morbidity’; for example, anastomotic leak (sepsis). Fundamental for GI anastomosis whether, hand –sewn technique or stapling technique is, good approximation without tension and good blood supply . Staplers are capable of cutting and stapling at the same time and avoiding the need for clamping. The increased cost of the staplers is offset by reduction in operating time. Circular staplers have better access in difficult areas like lower Pelvic surgery, sparing many patients from permanent colostomy. Accordingly, it is worthwhile to study the GI anastomosis by using staplers or hand-sewn technique. AIM OF STUDY: To compare hand-sewn technique with surgical stapling technique in a prospective cohort study in patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgeries. Study Duration: 1 Year. Study Population: 100 Patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From our Prospective study from March 2014 to August 2014 in Chennai at Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital. A total of 100 patients were divided into 6 groups, depending on the surgery such as posterior gastrojejunostomy, anterior gastrojejunostomy, sub total gastrectomy and anterior gastrojejunostomy with jejunojeunostomy (Billroth II), ileostomy closure, colostomy closure, and hemicolectomy. Of 100 patients, 50 patients were hand-sewn group and the other 50 patients were in the stapler group which was grouped randomly by using lot. Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients electively undergoing for bowel resection & anastomosis. 2. patients underwent diversion procedure in emergency situation, now requiring for stoma closure. 3. nutritionaly well-nourished patients those who hb%->10 gms, serum albumin -> 3 gms . Exclusion Criteria: 1. patients with indication of surgery other than mentioned in inclusion criteria. 2. associated surgeries & extended surgeries. 3. all emergency surgeries requiring bowel resection & anastomosis. 4. severe anemia & malnourished patients those were hb% - < 10 gms, serum albumin - < 3 gms. 5. advanced stage of malignancy in case of ca. stomach 7ca. rectum. CONCLUSION: Our study shows statistically significant reduction in operating time in staplers group compared with hand-sewn group. Other post operative parameters statistically not much significant. Also staplers has an advantage of approaching a difficult areas in hand-sewn group. Other advantages are for moribound patient it is time saving. The main disadvantage is cost and needs expertise in this procedure

Analysis on knowledge level of recommended plant protection technologies in areca nut (Areca catechu) cultivation in Salem district of Tamil Nadu

Areca nut (Areca catechu) is one of the important cash crops in India. India ranks first in terms of area and production of areca nut and accounts of 54.07 per cent of its world production. The harvesting of nuts commence on the Tamil month of ‘Thai’ (Mid-January to Mid-February) and spread over six months in carrying out the post-harvest practices and marketing of nuts. This study was purposively conducted in Salem district 2018-2019 and occupies first position in area (2,421 hectares) of areca nut in Tamil Nadu. The Peddanackenpalyam, Valapddy, Gengavalli and Attur blocks were selected based on the 87.28 per cent of the area under areca nut in this district with a sample size of 120 areca nut farmers selected by using a proportionate random sampling technique. Most of the respondents (80.00 per cent) had knowledge level of medium to high level of knowledge on the recommended plant protection technologies in areca nut cultivation. It was mainly due to the medium to the high level of information seeking behaviour and social participation. The study revealed that the areca nut growers differed widely in their social characteristics. Most of the respondents had a medium to a high level of knowledge on recommended technologies in areca nut cultivation. This finding stressed the importance of formulating different extension strategies for different audiences by the change agency system.

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of salt stress callus of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.)

Ethanolic and methanolic salt stress callus extracts of Solanum melongena L. were tested for in vitro antimicrobial and free radical scavenging assayssuch as DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS+(2,2\u27Azinobis (3-ethyl benzo-thizoline-6-sulfonic acid) . In both the extracts the zone of inhibition is higher in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureusand Streptococcus pyogenesat 90 µl concentration against the control. The antifungal activity of these extracts also the zone of inhibition is higher at 90 µl concentration against the control. The DPPH activity of different concentration of solvent extracts (1 mg/ml to 5 mg/ml) along with standard ascorbic acid among the five different concentration (50 µg/ml to 250 µg/ml) of extracts tested, the higher percentage of inhibition was observed in 250 µg/ml of methanol extract followed by ethanolic extract against the standard ascorbic acid. In ABTS+ activity the absorbance was increased with the increasing concentrations of both methanolic and ethanolic callus extracts

Effect of Non Genetic Factors on Absolute Growth Rate in Short Term Selection for Different Ages in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica)

Abstract Meat type Japanese quail were subjected to three different methods of individual phenotypic selection viz., high two week body weight (SWL), four week body weight (FWL) and high four week body weight coupled with low relative body weight gain between 4-6 weeks of age (LWL) and a control (COL) without adopting any selection for three generations. The effects of lines, generations, sexes and hatches were significant (P&lt; 0.01) on absolute growth rate (AGW) of birds at all the ages were studied barring the influence of sex on body weight at hatch. The least square means of AGW during first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth week of age were 26.38±0. 00±0.33, 37.15±0.57, 38.46±0.62, 29.71±0.62, 17.46 ± 0.54 and 13.11±0.50 g in males and 26.61±0.0.32, 38.43± 0.56, 41.06± 0.60, 34.16±0.61, 25.10±0.53 and 23.63±0.49 g in females, respectively. The AGW of females was found to be significantly (P&lt; 0.05) higher than that of males at all the ages studied

Design and fabrication of angular post JIG

An objective of the mass production is to increase the productivity and the accuracy. This is done by reducing the set up cost and manual burnouts. Thus mass production can be acquired by the use of jigs.  For large scale production of unlike materials a lot of time is wasted in start of the device and clamping the device. An experimental approach method is regularly practiced until the axis of the hole is properly line up with the axis of the drill. In such a situation a division of time is being wasted to maintain the accuracy. This paper is mainly composed of design and fabrication of the Angular postjig which cover the absolute design to the described dimensions of the work piece and would make the production process easier

3-Methyl-3,4-dihydro-9H-carbazol-1(2H)-one

In the title mol­ecule, C13H13NO, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the fused pyrrole ring is 2.03 (5)°. The methyl group at the 3-position has an equatorial orientation. The cyclo­hexene ring adopts an envelope conformation. Three C atoms of the cyclo­hexene ring, with their attached H atoms, and all atoms of the methyl group are disordered over two positions, the site-occupancy factors being 0.883 (2) and 0.117 (2). In the crystal structure, mol­ecules are stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. A C—H⋯π inter­action, involving the benzene ring, is also found

2-(2,3,4,9-Tetra­hydro-1H-carbazol-1-ylidene)propane­dinitrile

In the title mol­ecule, C15H11N3, the dihedral angle between the benzene ring and the fused pyrrole ring is 1.07 (5)°. The cyclo­hexene ring adopts an envelope conformation: the dicyano­methyl­ene group at position 1 has a coplanar orientation. An intra­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bond generates an S(7) ring motif. Inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds form an R 2 2(14) ring in the crystal. A C—H⋯π inter­action involving the benzene ring is also found in the structure

1-(1-Hy­droxy-8-methyl-9H-carbazol-2-yl)ethanone

The title compound, C15H13NO2, crystallizes with four independent mol­ecules (A, B, C and D) in the asymmetric unit. The carbazole units are almost planar [maximum deviations = 0.015 (3) for A, 0.024 (3) for B, 0.026 (3) for C and 0.046 (3) Å for D]. In all four mol­ecules, there is an O—H⋯O hydrogen bond involving the hy­droxy substituent and the carbonyl O atom of the adjacent acetyl group, which forms a six-membered ring. In the crystal, the four independent mol­ecules are linked via N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O inter­actions

Comparative analysis of Erk phosphorylation suggests a mixed strategy for measuring phospho-form distributions.

The functional impact of multisite protein phosphorylation can depend on both the numbers and the positions of phosphorylated sites-the global pattern of phosphorylation or 'phospho-form'-giving biological systems profound capabilities for dynamic information processing. A central problem in quantitative systems biology, therefore, is to measure the 'phospho-form distribution': the relative amount of each of the 2(n) phospho-forms of a protein with n-phosphorylation sites. We compared four potential methods-western blots with phospho-specific antibodies, peptide-based liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS; pepMS), protein-based LC/MS (proMS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR)-on differentially phosphorylated samples of the well-studied mitogen-activated protein kinase Erk2, with two phosphorylation sites. The MS methods were quantitatively consistent with each other and with NMR to within 10%, but western blots, while highly sensitive, showed significant discrepancies with MS. NMR also uncovered two additional phosphorylations, for which a combination of pepMS and proMS yielded an estimate of the 16-member phospho-form distribution. This combined MS strategy provides an optimal mixture of accuracy and coverage for quantifying distributions, but positional isomers remain a challenging problem

Cytomorphological and molecular diversity in backcross-derived inbred lines of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

A set of 250 distinct, stable, and uniform backcross-derived inbred lines were developed in sunflower through 5 interspecific cross combinations involving 4 wild diploid annual species (Helianthus argophyllus, H. petiolaris, H. annuus, and H. debilis). The presence of the wild-species genome in these inbred lines was confirmed through higher chromosome associations (tri- and quadrivalents) at diakinesis. Maximum structural rearrangements of chromosomes were observed in lines derived from H. petiolaris. Forty morphologically diverse inbred lines along with 2 controls were subjected to measurements of phenotypic and genetic distance using 118 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers of known map location. A total of 204 alleles were identified and the number of alleles per locus varied between 2 and 5. There were 46 unique alleles and the number of unique alleles was highest in the lines derived from the cross involving H. petiolaris. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.05 to 0.575. The pair-wise comparison values based on genetic dissimilarity estimates computed using molecular marker data varied between 0.143 and 0.486 among the 42 lines. The results indicate that the sunflower gene pool could benefit from introgression of novel alleles from the latent genetic diversity present in the wild species and particularly through exploitation of the diploid annual H. petiolaris