43 research outputs found
Electronic states of PrCoO: X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and LDA+U density of states studies
Electronic states of PrCoO are studied using x-ray photoemission
spectroscopy. Pr 3d core level and valence band (VB) were recorded
using Mg K source. The core level spectrum shows that the 3d
level is split into two components of multiplicity 4 and 2, respectively due to
coupling of the spin states of the hole in 3d with Pr 4f holes spin
state. The observed splitting is 4.5 eV. The VB spectrum is interpreted using
density of states (DOS) calculations under LDA and LDA+U. It is noted that LDA
is not sufficient to explain the observed VB spectrum. Inclusion of on-site
Coulomb correlation for Co 3d electrons in LDA+U calculations gives DOS which
is useful in qualitative explanation of the ground state. However, it is
necessary to include interactions between Pr 4f electrons to get better
agreement with experimental VB spectrum. It is seen that the VB consists of Pr
4f, Co 3d and O 2p states. Pr 4f, Co 3d and O 2p bands are highly mixed
indicating strong hybridization of these three states. The band near the Fermi
level has about equal contributions from Pr 4f and O 2p states with somewhat
smaller contribution from Co 3d states. Thus in the Zaanen, Sawatzky, and Allen
scheme PrCoO can be considered as charge transfer insulator. The charge
transfer energy can be obtained using LDA DOS calculations and the
Coulomb-exchange energy U' from LDA+U. The explicit values for PrCoO are
= 3.9 eV and U' = 5.5 eV; the crystal field splitting and 3d bandwidth
of Co ions are also found to be 2.8 and 1.8 eV, respectively.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures; to appear J. Phys.: Condens. Matte
Classical and quantum decay of one dimensional finite wells with oscillating walls
To study the time decay laws (tdl) of quasibounded hamiltonian systems we
have considered two finite potential wells with oscillating walls filled by non
interacting particles. We show that the tdl can be qualitatively different for
different movement of the oscillating wall at classical level according to the
characteristic of trapped periodic orbits. However, the quantum dynamics do not
show such differences.Comment: RevTeX, 15 pages, 14 PostScript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
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DOPING AND BOND LENGTH CONTRIBUTIONS TO Mn K-EDGE SHIFT IN La1-xSrxMnO3 AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH ELECTRICAL TRANSPORT BEHAVIOUR.
The experimental Mn K-edge x-ray absorption spectra of La{sub 1-x}Sr{sub x}MnO{sub 3}, x = 0 - 0.7 are compared with the band structure calculations using spin polarized density functional theory. It is explicitly shown that there is a correspondence between the inflection point on the absorption edge and the center of gravity of the unoccupied Mn 4p-band. This correspondence has been used to separate the doping and size contributions to edge shift due to variation in number of electrons in valence band and Mn-O bond lengths, respectively when Sr is doped into LaMnO{sub 3}. Such separation is helpful to find the localization behavior of charge carriers and to understand the observed transport properties and type of charge carrier participating in the conduction process in these compounds
Local distortion in LaCoO3 and PrCoO3: EXAFS, XRD and XANES studies
Room temperature Co K-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS),
x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) including pre-edge and x-ray
diffraction (XRD) studies are carried out on LaCoO3 and PrCoO3. The Co-O,
Co-La/Pr and Co-Co bond lengths are obtained from EXAFS analysis and compared
with those obtained from XRD. The EXAFS analysis of data indicates that CoO6
octahedron is distorted in both LaCoO3 and PrCoO3. Such distortion is expected
in orthorhombic PrCoO3 but not in rhombohedral LaCoO3. This distortion in CoO6
octahedron is attributed to Jahn-Teller active Co3+ ion in intermediate spin
state in these compounds. Higher shell studies reveal that Debye-Waller (DW)
factors of Co-Pr and Co-Co bonds in PrCoO3 are more in comparison to Co-La and
Co-Co bonds in LaCoO3 indicating that these bonds are structurally more
disordered in PrCoO3. The comparison of Co-Co bond lengths and corresponding DW
factors indicates that the structural disorder plays an important role in
deciding the insulating properties of these compounds. XANES studies have shown
changes in the intensities and positions of different near edge features.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. To appear in J. Phys.: Condens. Matte
Regionalized tissue fluidization is required for epithelial gap closure during insect gastrulation
Many animal embryos pull and close an epithelial sheet around the ellipsoidal egg surface during a gastrulation process known as epiboly. The ovoidal geometry dictates that the epithelial sheet first expands and subsequently compacts. Moreover, the spreading epithelium is mechanically stressed and this stress needs to be released. Here we show that during extraembryonic tissue (serosa) epiboly in the insect Tribolium castaneum, the non-proliferative serosa becomes regionalized into a solid-like dorsal region with larger non-rearranging cells, and a more fluid-like ventral region surrounding the leading edge with smaller cells undergoing intercalations. Our results suggest that a heterogeneous actomyosin cable contributes to the fluidization of the leading edge by driving sequential eviction and intercalation of individual cells away from the serosa margin. Since this developmental solution utilized during epiboly resembles the mechanism of wound healing, we propose actomyosin cable-driven local tissue fluidization as a conserved morphogenetic module for closure of epithelial gaps
A study of transition metal K-edge x-ray absorption spectra of LaBO3 (B=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni), La2CuO4 and SrMnO3 using partial density of states
The transition metal K-edge x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES)
studies have been carried on LaBO3 (B=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni), La2CuO4 and SrMnO3
compounds. The theoretical spectra have been calculated using transition metal
(TM) 4p density of states (DOS) obtained from full-potential LMTO density
functional theory. The exchange-correlation functional used in this calculation
is taken under local density approximation (LDA). The comparison of
experimental spectra with the calculated ones indicates that single-particle
transitions under LDA are sufficient to generate all the observed XANES
including those which have earlier been attributed to many-body shake-up
transitions and core-hole potentials. The present study reveals that all the
experimentally observed features are mainly due to distribution in TM 4p DOS
influenced by hybridization with other orbitals. Specifically, for LaMnO3, the
feature earlier attributed to shake-up process is seen to arise from
hybridization of Mn 4p with La 6p and O 2p orbitals; in La2CuO4 the features
attributed to core hole potential correspond to hybridization of Cu 4p with La
6p, La 5d and O 2p orbitals. To see the effect of inhomogeneous electronic
charge distribution and on-site Coulomb and exchange interaction (U) on the
XANES of these compounds generalized-gradient approximation and U corrections
are incorporated in the calculations. These corrections do not generate any new
features in the spectra but affect the detailed intensity and positions of some
of the features.Comment: 23 pages, 8 figures. To appear in J. Phys.: Condens. Matte
Genotype and functional correlates of disease phenotype in deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2)
BACKGROUND
Deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2 (DADA2) is a syndrome with pleiotropic manifestations including vasculitis and hematologic compromise. A systematic definition of the relationship between ADA2 mutations and clinical phenotype remains unavailable.
OBJECTIVE
We tested whether the impact of ADA2 mutations on enzyme function correlates with clinical presentation.
METHODS
DADA2 patients with severe hematologic manifestations were compared with vasculitis-predominant patients. Enzymatic activity was assessed using expression constructs reflecting all 53 missense, nonsense, insertion and deletion genotypes from 152 patients across the DADA2 spectrum.
RESULTS
We identified DADA2 patients presenting with pure red cell aplasia (PRCA, n = 5) or bone marrow failure syndrome (BMF, n = 10). Most patients did not exhibit features of vasculitis. Recurrent infection, hepatosplenomegaly and gingivitis were common in patients with BMF, of whom half died from infection. Unlike DADA2 patients with vasculitis, patients with PRCA and BMF proved largely refractory to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. ADA2 variants associated with vasculitis predominantly reflected missense mutations with at least 3% residual enzymatic activity. By contrast, PRCA and BMF were associated with missense mutations with minimal residual enzyme activity, nonsense variants, and insertions / deletions resulting in complete loss of function.
CONCLUSION
Functional interrogation of ADA2 mutations reveals an association of subtotal function loss with vasculitis, typically responsive to TNF blockade, whereas more extensive loss is observed in hematologic disease which may be refractory to treatment. These findings establish a genotype-phenotype spectrum in DADA2