Extracellular GABA waves regulate coincidence detection in excitatory circuits

Acknowledgements This study was supported by the Wellcome Trust Principal Fellowship (212251_Z_18_Z), ERC Advanced Grant (323113), and European Commission NEUROTWIN grant (857562) to DAR; University of Edinburgh Chancellor's Fellowship to SS.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Interacting Fermion Systems from Two Dimensional QCD

We consider two dimensional U(N) QCD on the cylinder with a timelike Wilson line in an arbitrary representation. We show that the theory is equivalent to N fermions with internal degrees of freedom which interact among themselves with a generalized Sutherland-type interaction. By evaluating the expectation value of the Wilson line in the original theory we explicitly find the spectrum and degeneracies of these particle systems.Comment: 11 pages, UVA-93-11, CERN-TH-6994/9

Current control in the competence approach

This paper proposes a method of monitoring the knowledge-based test technologies and allows monitoring of formation of partial competencies. The proposed method is illustrated by the example of the course of computer scienceВ работе предлагается методика текущего контроля знаний, основанная на тестовых технологиях и позволяющая осуществлять частичный мониторинг сформированности компетенций. Предлагаемая методика иллюстрируется примером из курса информатик

Thermodynamic basis of intragroup separation of Pr and Nd in the chloride melts employing liquid gallium-tin electrodes

Объектом исследования являются жидкометаллические двухфазные (Ж+ИМС) и гомогенные сплавы празеодима и неодима с эвтектическим расплавом Ga-Sn. Цель работы – определение термодинамических характеристик празеодима и неодима в эвтектических сплавах Ga-Sn в температурном диапазоне 573 1073 К. В отчете проведен анализ литературных данных об активности, коэффициентах активности и растворимости празеодима и неодима, в индивидуальных галлии и олове. Отдельная глава посвящена анализу литературных данных о термодинамических характеристиках празеодима и неодима в сплавах с индием и висмутом, так как в изучаемом температурном интервале эти сплавы могут быть использованы в качестве электродов сравнения.Objects of the study are two-phase and homogeneous liquid alloys of praseodymium and neodymium with Ga-Sn eutectic melt. The purpose of investigation is determination of thermodynamic properties of praseodymium and neodymium in the eutectic Ga-Sn alloys at the temperature range 573 1073 K. The report analyzed the published data on the activity, activity coefficient and solubility of praseodymium and neodymium, in gallium and tin. Separate chapter contains analysis of published data on the thermodynamic characteristics of alloys of praseodymium and neodymium with indium and bismuth because such alloys are suitable as reference electrodes at investigated temperatures.Программа развития УрФУ на 2013 год (п.1.2.2.3

Generalized two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory is a matrix string theory

We consider two-dimensional Yang-Mills theories on arbitrary Riemann surfaces. We introduce a generalized Yang-Mills action, which coincides with the ordinary one on flat surfaces but differs from it in its coupling to two-dimensional gravity. The quantization of this theory in the unitary gauge can be consistently performed taking into account all the topological sectors arising from the gauge-fixing procedure. The resulting theory is naturally interpreted as a Matrix String Theory, that is as a theory of covering maps from a two-dimensional world-sheet to the target Riemann surface.Comment: LaTeX, 10 pages, uses espcrc2.sty. Presented by A. D'adda at the Third Meeting on Constrained Dynamics and Quantum Gravity, Villasimius (Sardinia, Italy) September 13-17, 1999; to appear in the proceeding

Equivalence of Two Dimensional QCD and the c=1c=1 Matrix Model

We consider two dimensional QCD with the spatial dimension compactified to a circle. We show that the states in the theory consist of interacting strings that wind around the circle and derive the Hamiltonian for this theory in the large $N$ limit, complete with interactions. Mapping the winding states into momentum states, we express this Hamiltonian in terms of a continuous field. For a $U(N)$ gauge group with a background source of Wilson loops, we recover the collective field Hamiltonian found by Das and Jevicki for the $c=1$ matrix model, except the spatial coordinate is on a circle. We then proceed to show that two dimensional QCD with a $U(N)$ gauge group can be reduced to a one- dimensional unitary matrix model and is hence equivalent to a theory of $N$ free nonrelativistic fermions on a circle. A similar result is true for the group $SU(N)$, but the fermions must be modded out by the center of mass coordinate.Comment: 15 pages, CERN-TH 6843/93, UVA-HET-93-0

Matrix strings from generalized Yang-Mills theory on arbitrary Riemann surfaces

We quantize pure 2d Yang-Mills theory on an arbitrary Riemann surface in the gauge where the field strength is diagonal. Twisted sectors originate, as in Matrix string theory, from permutations of the eigenvalues around homotopically non-trivial loops. These sectors, that must be discarded in the usual quantization due to divergences occurring when two eigenvalues coincide, can be consistently kept if one modifies the action by introducing a coupling of the field strength to the space-time curvature. This leads to a generalized Yang-Mills theory whose action reduces to the usual one in the limit of zero curvature. After integrating over the non-diagonal components of the gauge fields, the theory becomes a free string theory (sum over unbranched coverings) with a U(1) gauge theory on the world-sheet. This is shown to be equivalent to a lattice theory with a gauge group which is the semi-direct product of S_N and U(1)^N. By using well known results on the statistics of coverings, the partition function on arbitrary Riemann surfaces and the kernel functions on surfaces with boundaries are calculated. Extensions to include branch points and non-abelian groups on the world-sheet are briefly commented upon.Comment: Latex2e, 29 pages, 2 .eps figure

Solid state amorphization in a thin Fe-Si-Mg-O surface film triggered by the reduction of elements from oxides in the temperature range of the α-γ transformation

The study of the processes occurring in the surface layer of the MgO coated commercial alloy Fe-3%Si-0.5%Cu (grain oriented electrical steel) demonstrated that the amorphous phase in the form of a Fe-based solid solution is formed during continuous heating in the 95%N2 + 5%H2 atmosphere. For the purposes of this study, the following methods were used: non-ambient XRD at 20 –1060°C with heating and cooling at a rate of 0.5 dps, layer-by-layer chemical analysis performed by a glow discharge analyzer, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. ThermoCalc software was used to calculate the potential phase equilibrium states. The amorphous phase was formed in the α → γ transformation temperature range, when the heating rates were altered in the surface layer of 1 µm initially consisted of a solid α-Fe-based solution with ~1– 2 wt.% Si with (MgFe)2 SiO4, (MgFe)O, SiO2 oxide inclusions. We suppose that (MgFe)2 SiO4 oxides are partly reduced by H2 to Mg2 Si molecular complexes, which become solid solutions in the temperature range of the metastability of the α-Fe crystal lattice with subsequent amorphization as an alternative to the α → γ transition. The amorphous state is obtained at 920 – 960°C and is retained both at subsequent heating (to 1060°C) and cooling (to 20°С), which is super-stable compared to the established metallic glasses. The composition of the amorphous phase can be described by the formula Fe89.5 Si6 Mg4 Cu0.5. © 2020, Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 20‑08‑00332Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka: 11.1465.2014/K.Acknowledgements. This study was conducted using equipment provided by the Laboratory of Structural Analysis Techniques and Materials and Nanomaterials Properties of CKP Ural Federal University. The study was financially supported by Government Decree No. 211 of the Russian Federation, Contract No. 02. A03.21.0006 and within the framework of the state task issued by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, project No. 11.1465.2014/K. The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 20‑08‑00332

Branched Coverings and Interacting Matrix Strings in Two Dimensions

We construct the lattice gauge theory of the group G_N, the semidirect product of the permutation group S_N with U(1)^N, on an arbitrary Riemann surface. This theory describes the branched coverings of a two-dimensional target surface by strings carrying a U(1) gauge field on the world sheet. These are the non-supersymmetric Matrix Strings that arise in the unitary gauge quantization of a generalized two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory. By classifying the irreducible representations of G_N, we give the most general formulation of the lattice gauge theory of G_N, which includes arbitrary branching points on the world sheet and describes the splitting and joining of strings.Comment: LaTeX2e, 25 pages, 4 figure