Digital Privacy

We study the incentives of a digital business to collect and protect users’ data. The users' data the business collects improve the service it provides to consumers, but they may also be accessed, at a cost, by strategic third parties in a way that harms users, imposing endogenous users' privacy costs. We characterize how the revenue model of the business shapes its optimal data strategy: collection and protection of users' data. A business with a more 'data-driven' revenue model will collect more users' data and provide more data protection than a similar business that is more 'usage-driven'. Consequently, if users have small direct benefit from data collection, then more usage-driven businesses generate larger consumer surplus than their more data-driven counterparts (the reverse holds if users have large direct benefit from data collection). Relative to the socially desired data strategy, the business may over- or under-collect users' data and may over- or under-protect it. Restoring efficiency requires a two-pronged regulatory policy, covering both data collection and data protection; one such policy combines a minimal data protection requirement with a tax proportional to the amount of collected data. We finally show that existing regulation in the US, which focuses only on data protection, may even harm consumer surplus and overall welfare

GENERATION OF BLOOD THROMBIN IN PATIENTS WITH CANCER OF PANCREATOBILIARY ZONE COMPLICATED WITH OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE

Obstructive jaundice is one of the most frequent complications of cancer of pancreatobiliary zone that starts the developments of hemorrhagic complications. This group of patients has decrease of coagulation potential that is expressed in changes of process of thrombin generation even before the operative treatment. The article presents the results of the research of indices of process of thrombin generation by Calibrated. Automated. Thrombogram. method in 57 patients with cancer of pancreatobiliary zone complicated with obstructive jaundice before the operative treatment

Morphological determinants for the local hemostatic effect of exogenous fibrin monomer in its systemic administration after injury with inhibition of platelet aggregation in the experiment

Background. In our previously published studies, we demonstrated a high hemostatic activity of a low dose of exogenous fibrin monomer during its systemic administration in a model of dosed liver injury with preliminary inhibition of platelet aggregation. However, the analysis of platelet involvement in the mechanisms of local fibrin formation has not been analyzed. The aim of the study. To conduct a comparative analysis of the cellular composition of venous and wound blood, as well as blood in the wound vessels to assess the contribution of platelets to the hemostatic effect of exogenously administered fibrin monomers in dosed liver injury under conditions of pharmacologically determined thrombocytopathy. Methods. In a model of dosed liver injury in rabbits after inhibition of platelet aggregation by  acetylsalicylic acid in combination with clopidogrel, the effect of the administration of fibrin monomer was evaluated in comparison with the use of tranexamic acid. We studied the number of platelets in venous and wound blood smears, as well as in the contents of wound vessels. Results. It has been established that with the systemic administration of exogenous fibrin monomer, the number of platelets in wound blood smears decreases by 17.2 % in comparison with free circulating venous blood. Platelets in wound blood form aggregates and are in an activated state. In the wound vessels, the number of these cells was maximum (150 per lower field) compared with the number of platelets in the placebo and tranexamic acid groups (55 and 84 per lower field, respectively). Also in the wound blood, erythrocytes with altered forms (echinocytes, schistocytes, stomatocytes and ovalocytes) were found. Conclusion. Systemic administration of exogenous fibrin monomer affects the redistribution of platelets between the systemic circulation, wound vessels and wound blood, determining its hemostatic effect and local wound fibrin formation in dosed liver injury. The presence of receptor-mediated platelets recruitment due to fibrin monomer in the wound vessels with the  participation of damaged erythrocytes is assumed

Platelet microvesicles and their role in providing hemostatic capacity (literature review)

In recent years the role of microvesicles in endocrine system transmission, in providing cellular connectivity, in transportation of proteins and nucleic acids from one cell to another, in angiogenesis regulation, in inflammatory reactions and in dissemination of tumors is actively studied. This article reviews the mechanisms of microvesicle formation, the structure of microvesicles and their potential value as biomarkers. Among all essential reactions involving microvesicles one thing especially stands out: their direct participation in providing hemostatic reactions for bleeding control in case of a solution of continuity in blood vessels due to different reasons. Platelet microvesicles play an important role in this process, and it has been proved by several experimental and clinical studies. In this review we evaluate prospects for clinical use of one of modern blood components – cryoprecipitate – as the source of platelet microvesicles

Effect of blood plasma cryoprecipitate on microflora growth taking into consideration possibilities for its use

The necessity of use of cryoprecipitate (CP) in clinic as a basis of biocomposite for creation of interstitial barrier to prevent the spread of retroperitoneal abscesses in necrotizing pancreatitis. The research of the influence of CP on the growth of microorganisms with three types of cultures (E. coli, Acinetobacter, E. faeccalis) was realized. Incubation of bacteriological environment (51 series) was carried out under standard conditions in the presence of CP, antibiotics and retroperitoneal adipose tissue with a visual assessment in vitro and by the change of the densitometric density of environments on the MicroScan Turbidity Meter (Siemens) unit. As it was stated, the presence of CP in pure form in bacteriological environment as well together with an antibiotic or adipose tissue does not affect the growth of investigated microflora and in combination with the antibiotic inhibits it suppresses growth. Taking into consideration the indifference of CP to microflora, its use as a drug interstitial barrier to the migration of retroperitoneal phlegmon in necrotizing pancreatitis the activation of abdominal infection is safe

Анализ эффективности тромбопрофилактики у беременных с мезенхимальной дисплазией

the analysis of the effectiveness of thromboprophylaxis among pregnant women with mesenchymal dysplasia was carried out. It was concluded that it reduces the risk of thrombohemorrhagic complications and accordingly the economic costs of medical care.проведен анализ эффективности тромбопрофилактики у беременных с мезенхимальной дисплазией, при использовании которой во время беременности у таких пациенток снижается риск возникновения тромбогеморрагических осложнений и, следовательно, уменьшаются финансовые затраты

Медикаментозная коррекция системы гемостаза при хирургическом лечении геморрагической формы апоплексии яичника

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Анализ связи нарушений гемостаза со степенью выраженности дыхательной недостаточности у пациентов с COVID-19: проспективное наблюдательное исследование

АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ: Несмотря на прогресс в понимании патофизиологии коагулопатии при COVID-19, сведений о связи и об этапности патологических сдвигов в различных звеньях системы гемостаза при развитии острого респираторного дистресс-синдрома (ОРДС) недостаточно. ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: Определить взаимосвязь тяжести дыхательной недостаточности с патологическими сдвигами в системе гемостаза у больных COVID-19. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: В проспективное наблюдательное исследование включено 204 больных с верифицированным диагнозом COVID-19 тяжелого и крайне тяжелого течения заболевания. В зависимости от исхода заболевания выделено две группы: группа с летальным исходом (n = 106) и группа выживших больных (n = 98). Для динамической оценки клинической картины заболевания и исследования показателей системы гемостаза определены временные точки: точка I — 1-е сутки, поступление в отделение реанимации и интенсивной терапии (ОРИТ); точка II — 3–5-е сутки; точка III — 7–10-е сутки с момента поступления в ОРИТ. Для оценки тяжести респираторного дистресс-синдрома рассчитывался респираторный индекс. Статистическую обработку данных проводили с использованием пакета статистического программного обеспечения MedCalc Version 20.110 (MedCalc Software Ltd, Бельгия). РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: При летальном исходе заболевания COVID-19 тяжелого и крайне тяжелого течения у пациентов определено снижение показателя респираторного индекса в 2,15 раза. Наиболее важные параметры системы гемостаза, влияющие на степень тяжести дыхательной недостаточности: рост концентрации фактора Виллебранда (WF) на точке I исследования (21 % вклада и обратная корреляция), увеличение уровня ингибитора активатора плазминогена 1-го типа (PAI-1) на 3–5-е сутки (35 % вклада и прямая корреляция) и активация коагуляционного звена гемостаза на 7–10-е сутки (78 % вклада и прямая корреляция). ВЫВОДЫ: Степень тяжести дыхательной недостаточности у пациентов с подтвержденным диагнозом COVID-19 тяжелого и крайне тяжелого течения поэтапно связана с эндотелиопатией (1-е сутки), угнетением пристеночного фибринолиза (3–5-е сутки) и активацией коагуляционного звена гемостаза к 7–10-м суткам пребывания в ОРИТ

Proceedings of the third French-Ukrainian workshop on the instrumentation developments for HEP

The reports collected in these proceedings have been presented in the third French-Ukrainian workshop on the instrumentation developments for high-energy physics held at LAL, Orsay on October 15-16. The workshop was conducted in the scope of the IDEATE International Associated Laboratory (LIA). Joint developments between French and Ukrainian laboratories and universities as well as new proposals have been discussed. The main topics of the papers presented in the Proceedings are developments for accelerator and beam monitoring, detector developments, joint developments for large-scale high-energy and astroparticle physics projects, medical applications.Comment: 3rd French-Ukrainian workshop on the instrumentation developments for High Energy Physics, October 15-16, 2015, LAL, Orsay, France, 94 page