198 research outputs found
Analysis of the power balance In the cells of a multilevel cascaded H-Bridge converter
Multilevel cascaded H-Bridge converters (CHB)
have been presented as a good solution for high power applications.
In this way, several control and modulation techniques
have been proposed for this power converter topology. In this
paper the steady state power balance in the cells of the single
phase two cell CHB is studied. The capability to be supplied with
active power from the grid or to deliver active power to the grid
in each cell is analyzed according to the dc-link voltages and
the desired ac output voltage value. Limits of the maximum and
minimum input active power for stable operation of the CHB are
addressed. Simulation results are shown to validate the presented
analysis
Feed-forward Space Vector Modulation for Single-Phase Multilevel Cascade Converters with any DC voltage ratio
Modulation techniques for multilevel converters
can create distorted output voltages and currents if the DC link
voltages are unbalanced. This situation can be avoided if the
instantaneous DC voltage error is not taken into account in the
modulation process. This paper proposes a feed-forward space
vector modulation method for a single-phase multilevel cascade
converter. Using this modulation technique, the modulated output
voltage of the power converter always generates the reference
determined by the controller even in worst case voltage unbalance
conditions. In addition the possibility of optimizing the DC
voltage ratio between the H-bridges of the power converter is
introduced. Experimental results from a 5kVA prototype are
presented in order to validate the proposed modulation technique
Measurement of the hyperfine splitting of the 6S level in rubidium
We present a measurement of the hyperfine splitting of the 6S excited
level of rubidium using two photon absorption spectroscopy in a glass cell. The
values we obtain for the magnetic dipole constant A are 239.18(03) MHz and
807.66(08) MHz for Rb and Rb, respectively. The combination of
the magnetic moments of the two isotopes and our measurements show a hyperfine
anomaly in this atomic excited state. The observed hyperfine anomaly difference
has a value of due to the finite distribution of
nuclear magnetization, the Bohr-Weisskopf effect.Comment: 12 pages, 14 figure
Two-Photon Dichroic Atomic Vapor Laser Lock Using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency and Absorption
We demonstrate a technique to lock the frequency of a laser to a transition
between two excited states in Rb vapor in the presence of a weak magnetic
field. We use a ladder configuration from specific hyperfine sublevels of the
5S 1/2, 5P 3/2, and 5D 5/2 levels. This atomic configuration can show
Electromagnetically Induced Transparency and Absorption processes. The error
signal comes from the difference in the transparency or absorption felt by the
two orthogonal polarizations of the probe beam. A simplified model is in good
quantitative agreement with the observed signals for the experimental
parameters. We have used this technique to lock the frequency of the laser up
to 1.5 GHz off atomic resonance.Comment: 6 pages, 8 figures. Last version for publication in J. Opt. Soc. Am.
Precision measurement of the neutron β-decay asymmetry
A new measurement of the neutron β-decay asymmetry A_0 has been carried out by the UCNA Collaboration using polarized ultracold neutrons (UCNs) from the solid deuterium UCN source at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. Improvements in the experiment have led to reductions in both statistical and systematic uncertainties leading to A_0=−0.11954(55)_(stat)(98)_(syst), corresponding to the ratio of axial-vector to vector coupling λ ≡ g_A/g_V = −1.2756(30)
First direct constraints on Fierz interference in free-neutron β decay
Precision measurements of free-neutron β decay have been used to precisely constrain our understanding of the weak interaction. However, the neutron Fierz interference term b_n, which is particularly sensitive to beyond-standard-model tensor currents at the TeV scale, has thus far eluded measurement. Here we report the first direct constraints on this term, finding b_n=0.067±0.005_(stat)^(+0.090)_(−0.061)_(sys), consistent with the standard model. The uncertainty is dominated by absolute energy reconstruction and the linearity of the β spectrometer energy response
Cryogenic magnetic coil and superconducting magnetic shield for neutron electric dipole moment searches
A magnetic coil operated at cryogenic temperatures is used to produce spatial, relative field gradients below 6 ppm/cm, stable for several hours. The apparatus is a prototype of the magnetic components for a neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) search, which will take place at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory using ultra-cold neutrons (UCN). That search requires a uniform magnetic field to mitigate systematic effects and obtain long polarization lifetimes for neutron spin precession measurements. This paper details upgrades to a previously described apparatus [1], particularly the introduction of super-conducting magnetic shielding and the associated cryogenic apparatus. The magnetic gradients observed are sufficiently low for the nEDM search at SNS
A VLBI study of the wind-wind collision region in the massive multiple HD 167971
Context. Colliding winds in massive binaries are able to accelerate particles
up to relativistic speeds as the result of the interaction between the winds of
the different stellar components. HD 167971 exhibits this phenomenology which
makes it a strong radio source. Aims. We aim at characterizing the morphology
of the radio emission and its dependence on the orbital motion, traced
independently by NIR-interferometry, of the spectroscopic binary and the
tertiary component that conforms HD 167971. Methods. We analyze 2006 and 2016
very long baseline interferometric data at C and X bands. We complement our
analysis with a geometrical model of the wind-wind collision region, and with
an astrometric description of the system. Results. We confirm that the detected
non-thermal radio emission is associated with the wind-wind collision region of
the spectroscopic binary and the tertiary component in HD 167971. The wind-wind
collision region changes orientation in agreement with the orbital motion of
the tertiary around the spectroscopic binary. The total intensity also changes
between the two observing epochs in a way inversely proportional to the
separation between the SB and T, with a negative-steep spectral index typical
of an optically thin synchrotron emission possibly steepened by an inverse
Compton cooling effect. The wind-wind collision bow-shock shape and its
position with respect to the stars indicates that the wind momentum from the
spectroscopic binary is stronger than that of the tertiary. Finally, the
astrometric solution derived for the stellar system and the wind-wind collision
region is consistent with independent Gaia data.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 7 pages, 6
figure
New result for the neutron β-asymmetry parameter A_0 from UCNA
Background: The neutron β-decay asymmetry parameter A_0 defines the angular correlation between the spin of the neutron and the momentum of the emitted electron. Values for A_0 permit an extraction of the ratio of the weak axial-vector to vector coupling constants, λ≡gA/gV, which under assumption of the conserved vector current hypothesis (gV=1) determines gA. Precise values for gA are important as a benchmark for lattice QCD calculations and as a test of the standard model.
Purpose: The UCNA experiment, carried out at the Ultracold Neutron (UCN) source at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center, was the first measurement of any neutron β-decay angular correlation performed with UCN. This article reports the most precise result for A_0 obtained to date from the UCNA experiment, as a result of higher statistics and reduced key systematic uncertainties, including from the neutron polarization and the characterization of the electron detector response.
Methods: UCN produced via the downscattering of moderated spallation neutrons in a solid deuterium crystal were polarized via transport through a 7 T polarizing magnet and a spin flipper, which permitted selection of either spin state. The UCN were then contained within a 3-m long cylindrical decay volume, situated along the central axis of a superconducting 1 T solenoidal spectrometer. With the neutron spins then oriented parallel or anti-parallel to the solenoidal field, an asymmetry in the numbers of emitted decay electrons detected in two electron detector packages located on both ends of the spectrometer permitted an extraction of A_0.
Results: The UCNA experiment reports a new 0.67% precision result for A_0 of A_0=−0.12054(44)_(stat)(68)_(syst), which yields λ=gA/gV=−1.2783(22). Combination with the previous UCNA result and accounting for correlated systematic uncertainties produces A0=−0.12015(34)stat(63)syst and λ=gA/gV=−1.2772(20).
Conclusions: This new result for A0 and gA/gV from the UCNA experiment has provided confirmation of the shift in values for gA/gV that has emerged in the published results from more recent experiments, which are in striking disagreement with the results from older experiments. Individual systematic corrections to the asymmetries in older experiments (published prior to 2002) were >10%, whereas those in the more recent ones (published after 2002) have been of the scale of <2%. The impact of these older results on the global average will be minimized should future measurements of A0 reach the 0.1% level of precision with central values near the most recent results
Search for dark matter decay of the free neutron from the UCNA experiment: n → χ + e^+e^−
It has been proposed recently that a previously unobserved neutron decay branch to a dark matter particle (χ) could account for the discrepancy in the neutron lifetime observed in experiments that use two different measurement techniques. One of the possible final states discussed includes a single χ along with an e^+e^− pair. We use data from the UCNA (Ultracold Neutron Asymmetry) experiment to set limits on this decay channel. Coincident electron-like events are detected with ∼4π acceptance using a pair of detectors that observe a volume of stored Ultracold Neutrons (UCNs). The summed kinetic energy (E_(e^+e^−)) from such events is used to set limits, as a function of the χ mass, on the branching fraction for this decay channel. For χ masses consistent with resolving the neutron lifetime discrepancy, we exclude this as the dominant dark matter decay channel at ≫ 5σlevel for 100 keV 90% confidence level
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