Kombinierte Lebenslauf-Erfolgsrechnung und Ökobilanzierung: Umweltschutz, Ressourcenschonung, Produktentwicklung

Die Optimierung des Produktnutzens über den gesamten Lebenslauf gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Wirtschaftlich erfolgreiche Lösungen sollen dabei gleichzeitig umweltgerecht sein. Dieser Beitrag erläutert die Dynergien einer kombinierten Durchführung von Lebenslauf-Erfolgsrechnung und Produkt-Ökobilanzierung im Rahmen der Produktentwicklung. Der kurze Beitrag soll zeigen, daß die gemeinsame Betrachtung einer Lebenszyklus-Kostenrechnung und einer Produkt-Ökobilanzierung für die Planung eines optimierten Produktlebenslaufes hilfreich sein kann. Das angezogene Schrifttum möge diese Ausführungen, die zunehmende Bedeutung haben, erweitern (Anwendungen aus der Sicht des Herausgebers). The optimization of the product's use throughout the entire life cycle is one of the essential challenge for the product development today. Economically successful solutions should be environmentally sound at the same time. The paper discusses the synergies of a combined performance of the Life Cycle Management Accounting and Life Cycle Assessment within the product development

Similar yet different: co-analysis of the genetic diversity and structure of an invasive nematode parasite and its invasive mammalian host

Animal parasitic nematodes can cause serious diseases and their emergence in new areas can be an issue of major concern for biodiversity conservation and human health. Their ability to adapt to new environments and hosts is likely to be affected by their degree of genetic diversity, with gene flow between distinct populations counteracting genetic drift and increasing effective population size. The raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis), a gastrointestinal parasite of the raccoon (Procyon lotor), has increased its global geographic range after being translocated with its host. The raccoon has been introduced multiple times to Germany, but not all its populations are infected with the parasite. While fewer introduced individuals may have led to reduced diversity in the parasite, admixture between different founder populations may have counteracted genetic drift and bottlenecks. Here, we analyse the population genetic structure of the roundworm and its raccoon host at the intersection of distinct raccoon populations infected with B. procyonis. We found evidence for two parasite clusters resulting from independent introductions. Both clusters exhibited an extremely low genetic diversity, suggesting small founding populations subjected to inbreeding and genetic drift with no, or very limited, genetic influx from population admixture. Comparison of the population genetic structures of both host and parasite suggested that the parasite spread to an uninfected raccoon founder population. On the other hand, an almost perfect match between cluster boundaries also suggested that the population genetic structure of B. procyonis has remained stable since its introduction, mirroring that of its raccoon host