40 research outputs found
Buoyancy driven bubbly flows: role of meso-scale structures on the relative motion between phases in bubble columns operated in the heterogeneous regime
The hydrodynamics of bubble columns in the heterogeneous regime is
investigated from experiments with bubbles at large particle Reynolds numbers
and without coalescence. The void fraction field at small scales,
analyzed with Vorono\"i tessellations, corresponds to a Random Poisson Process
(RPP) in homogeneous conditions but it significantly differs from a RPP in the
heterogeneous regime. The distance to a RPP allows identifying meso-scale
structures, namely clusters, void regions and intermediate regions. A series of
arguments demonstrate that the bubble motion is driven by the dynamics of these
structures. Notably, bubbles in clusters (respectively in intermediate regions)
are moving up faster, up to 3.5 (respectively 2) times the terminal velocity,
than bubbles in void regions those absolute velocity equals the mean liquid
velocity. Besides, the mean unconditional relative velocity of bubbles is
recovered from mean relative velocities conditional to meso-scale structures,
weighted by the proportion of bubbles in each structure. Assuming
buoyancy-inertia equilibrium for each structure, the relative velocity is
related with the characteristic size and concentration of meso-scale
structures. By taking the latter quantities values at large gas superficial
velocities, a cartoon of the internal flow structure is proposed. Arguments are
put forward to help understanding why the relative velocity scales as
(with the column's diameter and gravity's
acceleration). The proposed cartoon seems consistent with a fast-track
mechanism that, for the moderate Rouse numbers studied, leads to liquid
velocity fluctuations proportional to the relative velocity. The potential
impact of coalescence on the above analysis is also commented.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2203.0741
Markov property of Lagrangian turbulence
Based on direct numerical simulations with point-like inertial particles
transported by homogeneous and isotropic turbulent flows, we present evidence
for the existence of Markov property in Lagrangian turbulence. We show that the
Markov property is valid for a finite step size larger than a Stokes
number-dependent Einstein-Markov memory length. This enables the description of
multi-scale statistics of Lagrangian particles by Fokker-Planck equations,
which can be embedded in an interdisciplinary approach linking the statistical
description of turbulence with fluctuation theorems of non-equilibrium
stochastic thermodynamics and fluctuation theorems, and local flow structures.Comment: submitted to PRL, 5 pages, 4 figure
CDK/GSK-3 inhibitors as therapeutic agents for parenchymal renal diseases.
Drug discovery to lessen the burden of chronic renal failure and end-stage renal disease remains a principle goal of translational research in nephrology. In this review, we provide an overview of the current development of small molecule cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)/glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitors as therapeutic agents for parenchymal renal diseases. The emergence of this drug family has resulted from the recognition that CDKs and GSK-3s play critical roles in the progression and regression of many kidney diseases. CDK/GSK-3 inhibitors suppress pathogenic proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation, and promote regeneration of injured tissue. Preclinical efficacy has now been demonstrated in mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, crescentic glomerulonephritis, collapsing glomerulopathy, proliferative lupus nephritis, polycystic kidney diseases, diabetic nephropathy, and several forms of acute kidney injury. Novel biomarkers of therapy are aiding the process of drug development. This review will highlight these advancements in renal therapeutics