291 research outputs found
FACTORIAL, TYPICAL AND REGIONAL ASPECTS OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS OF THE NATIONAL TOURIST PRODUCT
The issue of the competitiveness of the touristic product has been considered. The structure of the most popular international index for competitiveness in the travel and tourism sphere, publishing by the World Economic Forum, has been analyzed. The main types of tourism have been highlighted, affecting the structure and dynamics of the tourist flow. The importance of the regional aspect in evaluating the international competitiveness of the national tourist product has been determined. The experience of creating a tourist cluster in Northern Caucasus has been analyzed. Also a form of stimulation to the domestic and inbound tourism has been considered as special economic zones of tourist-recreational type. It has been concluded, that the tourist clusters and special economic zones of tourist-recreational type promote increasing of the competitiveness of the regions and of the national tourist product as a whole
Functional Potential of Multilingual Text in Urban Space: a Linguistic-Semiotic Perspective
This article analyzes the functional potential of multilingual texts within urban spaces from a linguistic-semiotic perspective. The study uses a sample of 1590 multilingual texts, consisting of photographs of graffiti objects found in four cities in Southern Russia: Nalchik, the Novorossiysk agglomeration (Novorossiysk and Myskhako), Pyatigorsk, and Rostov-on-Don. The methods used include continuous sampling of multilingual texts, content analysis of their verbal elements, semiotic analysis of their graphic elements, comparative and contrastive methods, and quantitative data processing techniques. The phenomenon of graffiti is analyzed from linguistic and linguo-semiotic perspectives, with a distinction made between graffiti and street art. The authors describe the ontology of graffiti in the urban environment through a series of important dichotomies: visibility / invisibility, performance / risk / art, and sanction/unsanction. The functions of graffiti are also examined in detail, including their integrative-identifying function, self-presentation function, protest function, subversive function, and advertising / propaganda function. The study concludes that multilingual texts, represented in the form of graffiti within urban spaces, have significant functional potential
The problems of system introduction of dual education: em-ployer's position
Π‘ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΌ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Ρ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ.This article is devoted to the problems and contradictions, which are connected with the introduction of dual education in the system of the professional education. The author considers ways and features of introduction of the praktiko-focused training from the employer's position
Model of the influence of the speed of communication and ambient temperature on the electric power consumption of an electric bus
The development of the electric bus fleet, observed in the world and, in particular, in the Russian Federation, leads to the emergence of new scientific and practical problems that need to be addressed. So, at present, when electric buses are put into operation, in practice, problems arise with the choice of a rational urban regular route and the organization of charging infrastructure on it. To solve this problem, you need to know the power consumption of an electric bus, which depends on the operating conditions. This article analyzes scientific research in the field of modeling electricity consumption by an electric bus. Such an analysis and study of the experience of operating an electric bus in Tyumen made it possible to single out the factors on which electricity consumption depends. In the course of the study, a hypothesis was formulated: the factors characterizing the operating conditions on the route can be taken into account by one indicator Β«speed of communicationΒ». At the same time, until now, no direct influence of the ambient temperature on the power consumption of an electric bus has been revealed. Therefore, the aim of the study is to study the effect of traffic speed and ambient temperature on the electricity consumption of an electric bus on a regular urban route. To achieve this goal, a passive experiment was carried out, during which data was obtained on the functioning of electric buses, the technical parameters of the charging stations and the ambient temperature. To test the hypothesis, the initial amount of experimental information was processed using statistical data processing methods. It was found that a decrease in the speed of communication causes an increase in the consumption of electricity by an electric bus. During the analysis of the influence of the ambient air temperature on the considered output parameter, it was revealed that when it deviates from the value equal to + 4 Β°C, an increase in the consumption of electricity by the electric bus is observed. As a result, the established regularities of the influence of the speed of communication and the ambient air temperature on the electricity consumption of an electric bus and their mathematical models will become the basis for further research for the development of a methodology for rationing electricity consumption by an electric bus on a regular city route
The role and principles of tourist zoning in Bulgaria
The article describes the experience with tourist zoning in Bulgaria - main principles and goals of the tourism zoning into separate tourist regions. The tourist regions and their main indicators have been analyzed. The Concept was approved in 2015 and plays a key role in the development of the Bulgarian tourist product on the international market and the popularization of the country as an all-year round tourist destination. Currently the tourist zoning occupied the entire territory of the country and consists of nine regions: Danube Region, Balkan Mountains Region, Rose Valley Region, Thracian Region, Rhodope Region, Rila-Pirin Region, Sofia Region, Northern Seaside Region, Southern Seaside Region. Each of the above regions has its own specialization and uniqueness, which allows for a more effective regional marketing and makes each region more recognizable. The article summarizes the system of management of the regions and the governmentβs support in the creation of organizations which participate in the management of the tourist regions. A comparative analysis of the tourist zoning has been made in comparison with other EU countries like Ireland, Croatia, and Romania. The result of the analysis shows that the other countries also have regions with disproportionate allocation of territory and level of development of tourist development. As a conclusion, a well-developed tourist zoning is an effective instrument for the development of the tourism potential and the diversification of the tourist product taking into account the needs of the international markets. The tourist zoning experience can be used by Russia in the development of a marketing plan for the international market for tourist services
Morphology of the ratβs brain in four vessels model of ischemic stroke after administration of carbamylated darbepoetin
The aim was the study of the cerebroprotective effect of carbamylated darbepoetin in a four-vessel model of rat brain ischemia-reperfusion. A massive preconditioning cerebroprotective effect of carbamylated darbepoetin in the fourth group of animals and massive ischemic changes of the hippocampal and cortical neurons in the third group were revealed. These were manifested by karyopyknosis, karyorrhexis, and violation of stratification of CA1-CA3 layers of the hippocampu
Galectin-9 influences the Tim-3 molecule expression in natural killer different subpopulations
Galectin-9 is a b-galactoside binding lectin with expressed immunoregulatory activity. During pregnancy galectin-9 is produced by trophoblast cells and regulates the function of natural killer (NK) cells at the maternal-fetal interface via binding to Tim-3 (T-cell Ig and mucin domain-containing protein 3) molecules. Natural killer (NK) lymphocytes belong to the innate lymphoid cells, which have a cytotoxic effect on target cells and are capable of producing a large number of regulatory factors (cytokines, chemokines). Decidual NK have a tolerant phenotype and play a leading role in the regulation of invasive trophoblast growth and provide peripheral immune tolerance in the area of uteroplacental contact. Peripheral NK cells express Tim-3 molecules. Galectin-9 concentration is increased in peripheral blood during physiologic pregnancy. At pregnancy phenotype and functions of peripheral NK cells are changed to maintain the maternalβfetal immune tolerance. Peripheral NK cells migrate to the maternal-fetal interface and are transformed into a decidual NK-like phenotype cells. Galectin-9 concentration is decreased in women with aΒ complicatedΒ pregnancy and miscarriage. However the galectin-9 effects on different NK cell subpopulations of peripheral blood are not investigated. Therefore, we studied the galectin-9 influence on phenotype transformation and Tim-3 expression of NK cells isolated from peripheral blood of healthy non-pregnant fertile women. CD56+NK cells were obtained by immunomagnetic separation and cultivated in vitro during 72 hours with cytokines (IL-2 and IL-15). Galectin-9 (5 ng/mL) and anti-Tim-3 (10 mg) antibodies were added to the NK cultures. Galectin-9 concentration is corresponded to its level during first trimester of physiologic pregnancy. The number of regulatory NK (CD16-CD56bright), cytotoxic NK (CD16+CD56dim/-) cells and Tim-3 expression on different NK subpopulations were assessed by flow cytometry. It was found that Tim-3 was expressed on all subpopulations of peripheral blood NK cells (CD16-CD56brightNK, CD16+CD56dimNK, CD16+CD56-NK). Incubation with galectin-9 increased the expression of Tim-3 on regulatory CD16-CD56brightNK cells and did not change on cytotoxic CD16+CD56dim/-NK cells. Galectin-9 reduced the percentage of cytotoxic CD16+CD56dimNK in culture, but did not influence the number of regulatory CD16-CD56bright NK and cytotoxic CD16+CD56-NK cells. Thus, galectin-9 regulates Tim-3 molecule expression and NK cell subpopulation distributions in vitro culture
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Influence of Magnetic Field on Properties of Cement Compound on the Base of Boron-Containing LRW
At present boron-containing LRW cementation is an actual objective. At traditional cementing the grout on the base of boron containing LRW does not only harden, but also even does not stiffen. To obtain a cement compound with satisfactory regulated properties, a number of additives, for example, alkali (to correct pH), hydroxide or calcium salts, alkali metal hydrosilicates are applied, which complicates technology and requires LRW chemical continuous composition control
Π’ΠΠ₯ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ Π€ΠΠ£Π Β«Π ΠΎΡΠ ΠΠΒ» Π Π ΠΠΠΠΠ₯ Π‘ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠ’Π ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ€Π ΠΠ‘Π’Π Π£ΠΠ’Π£Π Π« ΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ, ΠΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ― Π Π₯Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠ― Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠ’Π₯ΠΠΠΠ
This article describes promising technological solutions for the processing, storage and transportation of radioactive waste (RW) implemented by a leading Russian enterprise specializing in the field of radioactive waste management. Federal State Unitary Enterprise "RosRAO" performs nationallevel tasks to ensure nuclear, radiation and environmental safety in the treatment of all types of radioactive waste. To date, FSUE "RosRAO" has a number of ready-made solutions aimed at saving resources while maintaining the radiation and environmental safety by reducing logistics costs due to using large containers for transportation and storage; maximum recycling of waste at the site of its formation or interim storage with the help of mobile systems; creation and operation of easily erected facilities for temporary storage of solid radioactive waste before transferring it for conditioning or disposal. In recent years, we completed a number of major projects focused on improving the radioecological situation on the territory of Russia. The Regional Centre for conditioning and long-term storage of radioactive waste, largest in Russia, was put into operation in Sayda Guba in Murmansk region. Works for state needs were performed to bring radiationhazardous objects to a safe state and to reclaim territories of the Russian Federation subjects exposed to radiation as a result of past activities in the Trans-Baikal and Stavropol territories, Kirov, Moscow, Ivanovo and Orenburg regions.ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅, Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (Π ΠΠ), Π²Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌ Π² Π Π€ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π ΠΠ. Π€ΠΠ£Π Β«Π ΠΎΡΠ ΠΠΒ» Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π ΠΠ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π€ΠΠ£Π Β«Π ΠΎΡΠ ΠΠΒ» ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΅ΠΊ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π½Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΉΠ½Π΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ; ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π ΠΠ Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²; ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π΄ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π·Π°Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ ΡΡΠ΄ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ: Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π² ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠΉ Π² Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π ΠΠ Π² Π‘Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π° ΠΡΠ±Π΅ ΠΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ, Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½ΡΠΆΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π Π€, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π‘ΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΠ°Π±Π°ΠΉΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡ
, ΠΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΡΠ΅Π½Π±ΡΡΠ³ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡΡ
ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ½Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°. Π§Π°ΡΡΡ II: Π’Π΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
The main trends in the field of improving thermal spraying processes for ceramic coatings formation is, along with enhancement of coating properties, also the reducing the energy consumption for the process. In this regard, one of the important directions for improving these technologies with plasma is the development of their new versions, using the principle of adding inexpensive fuel-oxidizing mixtures based on hydrocarbons (natural gas, liquefied gas) with air. This type of plasma-fuel type of spraying will be promising for application at the present time, first of all, in order to obtain refractory functional coatings. For this purpose, the opportunity for upgrading an industrial unit/system for plasma spraying of powder materials with arc plasma torch of 25β40 kW power was investigated with the use of experimental variant of a fuel gas-vortex intensifier. Herewith the thermal engineering assessment for possible parameters of the generated high-temperature flow from the torch with this intensifier was carried out to compare these with established thermodynamic characteristics on the applicability range of this system for optimization of the oxide and carbide coating spraying process (using the examples of Al2O3, Cr3C2 and other powders); and gas dynamic and heat transfer calculations of the intensifier operating regimes in this model unit was also performed. New regimes, which were analyzed in our research as the simulants of Al2O3 spraying, have the advantage over the N2-plasma regimes from the point of view of such kinetic parameter of powder processing as ability of heating factor of hot gas medium. Taking into account the calculated data, the experimental system was developed based on the standard spraying unit UPU-3D with a fuel intensifier of the selected design and the preliminary testing of its operation was carried out at the power of 30Β±2 kW under the following combination of gases in the torch: nitrogen and mixture of liquefied petroleum gas with air. This system has shown the stable operation in certain range of parameters and, according to the zonal calorimetrical measurement and photo-registration of jets, it provides 30β35 % more energy emission from torch generated jet (with attached fuel vortex chamber) in atmospheric conditions, in a comparison with the torch regime with pure N2-plasma with the same power on the arc of plasma heater. Use of the system creates an opportunity to spray carbide powders as well as oxide ones at improved intensity of coating producing in a comparison with standard regimes of commercial spraying units with N2 or Ar plasmas.Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΌ Π² ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ, Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ², ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Ρ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠΉ β ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΈΡ
Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ³Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π΄ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π° 25β40 ΠΊΠΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎ-Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Π° ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ½Π° Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ (Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Al2O3, Cr3C2 ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ β ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Al2O3, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π°Π΄ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² β ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ (ability of heating factor, AHF) Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ. Π‘ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π° Π±Π°Π·Π΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π£ΠΠ£-3Π Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ 30 Β±2 ΠΊΠΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²: Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠΆΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π°Π·Π° (ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠ°Π½-Π±ΡΡΠ°Π½Π°) Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ. Π‘ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»Π° ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΉ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ½Π° Ρ ΡΠΎΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΡΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π½Π° 30β35 % ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Ρ Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄ΡΠ³Π΅. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΊ Π½Π° Π°Π·ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π°ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅
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