Domination parameters and diameter of Abelian Cayley graphs

Using the domination parameters of Cayley graphs constructed out of $\mathbb{Z}_{p}\times \mathbb{Z}_{m}$, where $m\in\{p^{\alpha}, p^{\alpha}q^{\beta}, p^{\alpha}q^{\beta}r^{\gamma}\},$ in this paper we are discussing about the total and connected domination number and diameter of these Cayley graphs

Effect of Solid Volume Fraction on Forced Convective Flow of Nanofluid through Direct Absorption Solar Collector

The present work numerically investigates the heat transfer performance and entropy generation of forced convection through a direct absorption solar collector. The working fluid is Cu-water nanofluid. The simulations focus specifically on the effect of solid volume fraction of nanoparticle on the mean Nusselt number, total entropy generation, Bejan number and collector efficiency. Also Isotherms, heat function and entropy generation are presented for various solid volume fraction. The governing partial differential equations are solved using penalty finite element method with Galerkins weighted residual technique. The results show that the mean Nusselt number and mean entropy generation increases as the volume fraction of Cu nanoparticles increases. The results presented in this study provide a useful source of reference for enhancing the force convection heat transfer performance while simultaneously reducing the entropy generation

Pregnancy influences the selection of appropriate reference genes in mouse tissue: Determination of appropriate reference genes for quantitative reverse transcription PCR studies in tissues from the female mouse reproductive axis.

Selecting stably expressed reference genes which are not affected by physiological or pathophysiological conditions is crucial for reliable quantification in gene expression studies. This study examined the expression stability of a panel of twelve reference genes in tissues from the female mouse reproductive axis and the uterus. Gene expression studies were carried out using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). cDNA was synthesised from RNA extracted from hypothalami, pituitaries, ovaries and uteri of female mice at ages representing weaning, puberty and adulthood as well as pregnancy (13 ± 1 days post-coitus) (n = a minimum of 3 at each age and at pregnancy). The reference genes examined included 18 s, Actb, Atp5b, B2m, Canx, Cyc1, Eif4a2, Gapdh, Rpl13a, Sdha, Ubc and Ywhaz. The RT-qPCR raw data were imported into the qBASE+ software to analyse the expression stability using GeNorm. These data were also subsequently analysed using other software packages (Delta CT, Normfinder, BestKeeper). A comprehensive ranking was conducted considering all stability rankings generated from the different software analyses. B2m and Eif4a2 deviated from the acceptable range for amplification efficiency and therefore were excluded from the further analyses. The stability of the reference genes is influenced by the software used for the analysis with BestKeeper providing markedly different results than the other analyses. GeNorm analysis of tissues taken at different ages but not including pregnant animals, indicated that the expression of the reference genes is tissue specific with the most stable genes being: in the hypothalamus, Canx and Actb; in the pituitary, Sdha and Cyc1; in the ovary, 18s, Sdha and Ubc; and in the uterus, Ywhaz, Cyc1, Atp5b, 18s and Rpl13a. The optimal number of reference genes to be used was determined to be 2 in the first three tissues while in the uterus, the V-score generated by the GeNorm analysis was higher than 0.15 suggesting that 3 or more genes should be used for normalisation. Inclusion of tissues from pregnant mice changed the reference genes identified as being the most stable: Ubc and Sdha were the most stable genes in the hypothalamus, pituitary and the ovary. The addition of pregnant tissue had no effect on the stability of the genes in uterus (Ywhaz, Cyc1, Atp5b, 18s and Rpl13a). Identification of these stable reference genes will be of use to those interested in studying female fertility and researchers should be alert to the effects of pregnancy on reference gene stability. This study also signifies the importance of re-examining reference gene stability if the experimental conditions are changed, as shown with the introduction of pregnancy as a new factor in this research. [Abstract copyright: Crown Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Prandtl Number Effect on Assisted Convective Heat Transfer through a Solar Collector

Numerical study of the influence of Prandtl number on forced convective heat transfer through a riser pipe of a flat plate solar collector is done. The working fluid is Al2O3/water nanofluid. By Finite Element Method the governing partial differential equations are solved. The effect of the Prandtl number on the temperature and velocity field has been depicted. Comprehensive average Nusselt number, average bulk temperature, mean velocity, mid-height temperature inside the pipe, mean output temperature and collector efficiency are presented for the governing parameter mentioned above. Nu increases by 16% with the variation of Pr from 4.6 to 6.6 using nanofluid. Due to rising Pr heat transfer rate increases but collector efficiency devalues

A FEAST for women and men: Genderizing a feed-assessment tool

Peer Revie

The prospective observational study to evaluate the role of uterine artery doppler velocimetry indices for third trimester fetal surveillance in predicting the adverse perinatal outcomes.

To study the association between abnormal uterine artery doppler parameters in the third trimester and adverse perinatal outcomes in high risk as well as low risk pregnancies. • To estimate prognostic value of uterine artery score in predicting and preventing adverse perinatal outcomes. • To study the importance of fetal middle cerebral artery / uterine artery pulsatility index ratio in prediction of preterm labour • To understand the importance of including the uterine artery doppler velocimetry along with umbilical and middle cerebral artery dopplers in third trimester fetal surveillance to get optimal perinatal outcomes. • To compare the predictive values of uterine artery scores, blood flow classes and placental score. MATERIALS & METHODS This study was carried out in patients attending the antenatal outpatient department at The Institute of Social Obstetrics, Government Kasturba Gandhi Hospital, Madras Medical College, Chennai during the academic year 2014-2015. The study was done in 120 patients including the 60 high risk patients and the 60 low risk patients. • Group A is a high risk group which is comprised of singleton pregnancies beyond 27 weeks with risk factors like Pre ecclampsia, Small for gestational age, Previous bad obstetric history with recurrent fetal losses and perinatal deaths, Chronic hypentension, Diabetes mellitus, Post-dated pregnancy, Preterm labour and autoimmune diseases. • Group b low risk patients who are singleton pregnancies beyond 27 weeks of gestation without any documented risk factors, to serve as control. • Doppler parameters will be recorded from the uterine artery. • Blood flow classes based on umbilical artery PI, middle cerebral artery/uterine artery pulsatility index ratio, middle cerebral/umbilical ratio, uterine artery scores and the placental score are recorded. • The patients enrolled in the study will be followed up till delivery of the baby. Serial doppler evaluations will be done in the study population depending on the expected level of complications. The doppler parameters which are recorded during the study preceding the delivery will be considered for the statistical analysis. • The mode of delivery, operative delivery for the fetal distress, the gestational age at the delivery, the birth weight, apgar scores at 5 minutes, NICU admissions and perinatal mortality if any will be recorded. RESULTS: The mean uterine artery pulsatility index was the single best indicator of adverse perinatal outcomes, with optimal cutoff for ODFD being 1.07. Uterine artery score of 1 had 70.7%sensitivity and 96.7% specificity for operative delivery for fetal distress. All the scores related to uterine and umbilical artery are more in high risk group, reflecting elevated impedance in the uteroplacental circulation. CONCLUSION: The current study found that uterine artery doppler indices may be included along with umbilical and middle cerebral artery doppler indices to improve fetal surveillance .It helps to predict adverse perinatal outcomes, optimises monitoring and in preventing complications. Scoring system comprising the doppler indices is better than the independent ratios in the third trimester fetal surveillance