Optical and luminescent properties of ceria nanoparticles produced by gas phase method

The study on luminescent and optical properties of ceria nanoparticles allow one to indirectly assess the defectiveness of the material crystal lattice. The decomposition of the luminescence spectrum in the Gaussian bands shows the presence of Ce3+ ions in the CeO2 crystal lattice, as well as optical active centers, probably associated with oxygen vacancies. These characteristics permit us to estimate the relative amount of Ce3+ ions in the crystal lattice and could be considered as an important prerequisite for the use of nanoparticles as redox agents in industry and medicine. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Russian Science Foundation, RSF: 18-72-00041The work was supported by Russian Science Foundation project № 18-72-00041

Proton Conductivity of La2 (Hf2−x Lax )O7−x/2 “Stuffed” Pyrochlores

The design of new oxygen-and proton-conducting materials is of paramount importance for their possible utilization in solid oxide fuel cells. In the present work, La2 (Hf2–x Lax )O7–x/2 (x = 0, 0.1) ceramics were prepared using ball milling of oxide mixtures (La2 O3 and HfO2 ) followed by high-temperature annealing at 1600◦ C for 10 h in air. La2 Hf2 O7 ceramics exhibit an ordered pyrochlore-type structure, whereas La2 (Hf1.9 La0.1)O6.95 has a defect pyrochlore structure type with oxygen vacancies at the 48f positions. The oxygen ion and proton conductivity of La2 (Hf1.9 La0.1 )O6.95 “stuffed” pyrochlore ceramics was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (two-probe AC) and four-probe DC measurements in a dry and a wet atmosphere (air and nitrogen). The use of two distinct conductivity measurement techniques ensured, for the first time, the collection of reliable data on the proton conductivity of the La2 (Hf1.9 La0.1)O6.95 “stuffed” hafnate pyrochlore. La2 Hf2 O7 was found to be a dielectric in the range 400–900◦ C, whereas the La2 (Hf1.9 La0.1 )O6.95 “stuffed” pyrochlore had both oxygen ion and proton conductivities in this temperature range. The proton conductivity level was found to be equal to ~8 × 10−5 S/cm at 700◦ C. Clearly, the proton conductivity of the La2 (Hf1.9 La0.1 )O6.95 “stuffed” hafnate pyrochlore is mainly due to the hydration of oxygen vacancies at 48f positions. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland

Gd2O3, SiO2-Gd2O3 and SiO2-MnO2 nanoparticles as potential MRI contrast agents

Gd2O3, SiO2-Gd2O3 and SiO2-MnO2 nanoparticles were produced by the method of pulsed electron evaporation of oxide targets with condensation of the vapors in a vacuum. These materials are considered as probable contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Gd2O3 nanoparticles exhibit a rather high r1 and r2 relaxivities. These results point to the potential of using nanocrystals for MRI diagnosis. The mesoporous nanostructures SiO2-Gd2O3 and SiO2-MnO2 could be considered as multimodal theranostic agents. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd

Определение фоновых изотопных отношений биодоступного стронция для рудника бронзового века новотемирский

To assess the mobility and provenance of ancient populations, it is necessary to compare their 87Sr/86Sr isotopic ratios with the local bioavailable strontium baseline (background), characteristic of each specific location or potential provenance region of an individual or artifact. Its definition requires a comprehensive approach to the analysis of heterogeneous samples («proxies») characterizing the ecosystem of the archaeological site under study, the identification of the most suitable proxies, as well as the unification and standardization of the sampling and analytic protocols. A pilot study is presented devoted the definition of the local range of bioavailable strontium by the example of the Novotemirskiy Bronze Age mine (Southern Urals). 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios were determined in surface and underground water, bedrock (serpentinite), clay from the mine wall, and steppe polecat’s bone, as well as in grass and a bivalve shell from the lake. The lowest range of strontium isotope ratios relative to each other is characteristic of surface and groundwater, shell and grass, which allows them to be used to determine the combined baseline of bioavailable strontium. Multi-proxy (surface and underground water, grass and a bivalve shell) local bioavailable strontium baseline for the Novotemirskiy ancient mine (Southern Urals) is 0,7096 ± 0,0003 (2σ, n = 5). © 2021 Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Archaeology. All rights reserved.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РНФ, проект No 20-18-00402 «Миграции человеческих коллективов и индивидуальная мобильность в рамках мультидисциплинарного анализа археологической информации (бронзовый век Южного Урала)», в ЮУрГУ (НИУ) (Д. В. Киселева – геохимическая интерпретация, П. С. Анкушева – археологическая документация и аналитика; Т. Г. Окунева, А. В. Касьянова – измерения проб и стандартных образцов; Е. С. Шагалов, М. Н. Анкушев – отбор проб и геологическая характеристика)

What do we know today about the fat profile of breast milk and modern artificial infant formulas?

The article presents a modern view of the fat acid profile of breast milk (BM) and modern artificial formulas. Milk fat of BM is the main source of energy for baby. Triglycerides, which are represented by fat globules of milk form the basis of the fat component of BM. BM is also characterized by the optimal content and ratio of fatty acids. It contains essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), such as linoleic and α-linolenic acids with derivatives. PUFAs are included in the milk composition, providing both short-term and long-term effects on infant development. The article presents the results of studies showing the role of fish oil supplements in the diet of pregnant and lactating women, which led to a significant increase of docosahexaenoic acid content in the milk. It is proved that PUFAs are involved in the formation of the brain, neuroretina in infants, participate in immunological processes. Palmitic acid is the most common saturated fat in the BM. If palmitic acid, located in Sn-1 and Sn-3 position, is included in the infant feeding, it affects the formation of insoluble calcium soaps and the formation of a stiffer stool. These properties of β-palmitate are taken into account when developing new approaches to creating formlulas for feeding children, bringing their fat composition closer to the composition of GM. The unique patented DigestX® component, which is part of Kabrita® Gold’s goat milk mixes, is designed to bring the fat component of the blends closer to the unique structure of BM fat. It is shown that mixtures with a high content of β-palmitate provide various metabolic functions, and affect the formation of the infant immunity, the composition of its intestinal microbiota. The formulas with β-palmitate play an important role in forming the bone matrix of the child

SKIN CARE IN YOUNG CHILDREN: INNOVATIVE APPROACHES

The article presents modern data on the ontogenesis of the skin, the formation of all its elements and structures during prenatal development and postnatal period. The modern ideas about the features of the structure of the skin in the newborn and infant are highlighted in detail. Particular attention is paid to the protective mechanisms of the skin, providing a mechanical barrier, and factors of innate immunity, lipids, as well as skin microbiome. Much attention is paid to the importance of the dampening for the skin of the fetus and newborn, as well as the processes of adaptation of the skin of the newborn to the extrauterine environment. The modern recommendations for skin care, based on data of the features of the development, structure and functioning of the skin of the newborn and infant are presented

СПРЕДИ З СИНБІОТИЧНИМИ ВЛАСТИВОСТЯМИ – НОВІ ПРОДУКТИ ОЛІЙНО-ЖИРОВОЇ ГАЛУЗІ

The article describes the main aspects of the creation of balanced emulsion of fatty productsin view a functional purpose the norms physiological requirements of modern man, shows promising developments sweet bifido low fat spreads a functional purpose with synbiotic properties in the ratio of milk and vegetable fats and balanced ratio of 70:30 UFA: MUFA:PUFA and PUFA ω-6: PUFA ω-3. Рroposed introduction in recipes  low fat spreads dry dairy ingredients to ensure high organoleptic parameters, in particular taste or smell, and stabilizing the structure. As probiotic components recommended adapted to milk cultures of bifidobacteria in the composition of bacterial concentrates direct introduction FD DVS Bb-12, Liobac BIFI or Liobac 3BIFIDI after their activation in pre-sterilized milk, enriched with fructose as a bifidogenic factor, as prebiotics – the use of soluble dietary fiber: gum, pectin, inulin. It is also possible enrichment functional purpose spreads  fat-soluble antioxidant vitamins (A, D, E).  В статье рассмотрены основные аспекты создания сбалансированных эмульсионных жировых продуктов функционального назначения с учетом норм физиологических потребностей современного человека, показана перспективность разработки сладкосливочных бифидосодержащиих низкожирных спредов функционального назначения с синбиотическими свойствами и соотношением молочного и растительных жиров 70:30, со сбалансированными соотношениями НЖК:МНЖК:ПНЖК и ПНЖК ω-6:ПНЖК ω-3. Предложено введение в рецептуры низкожирных спредов сухих молочных ингредиентов для обеспечения высоких органолептических показателей, в частности, вкуса и запаха, и стабилизации структуры. В качестве пробиотических компонентов рекомендуется использование адаптированных к молоку культур бифидобактерий в составе бакконцентрата непосредственного введения FD DVS Bb-12, Liobac BIFI или Liobac 3BIFIDI после их предварительной активизации в стерилизованном молоке, обогащенном фруктозой как бифидогенным фактором, в качестве пребиотиков – применение растворимых пищевых волокон: камеди, пектина, инулина. Возможно также обогащения спредов функционального назначения жирорастворимыми витаминами-антиоксидантами (А, D, E).У статті розглянуто основні аспекти створення збалансованих емульсійних жирових продуктів функціонального призначення з урахуванням норм фізіологічних потреб сучасної людини, показано перспективність розробки солодковершкових біфідовмісних низькожирних спредів функціонального призначення з синбіотичними властивостями зі співвідношенням молочного й рослинних жирів 70:30 і збалансованими співвідношеннями НЖК:МНЖК:ПНЖК і ПНЖК ω-6:ПНЖК ω-3. Запропоновано введення до рецептур низькожирних спредів сухих молочних інгредієнтів для забезпечення високих органолептичних показників, зокрема, смаку й запаху, та стабілізації структури. В якості пробіотичних компонентів рекомендовано використання адаптованих до молока культур біфідобактерій у складі бакконцентратів безпосереднього внесення: FD DVS Bb-12, Liobac BIFI або Liobac 3BIFIDI після їх попередньої активізації у стерилізованому молоці, збагаченому фруктозою як біфідогенним фактором, в якості пребіотиків – застосування розчинних харчових волокон: камедів, пектину, інуліну. Можливе також збагачення спредів функціонального призначення жиророзчинними вітамінами-антиоксидантами (А, D, E). &nbsp

PHYSIOLOGY OF TASTE PERCEPTION: THE ROLE OF GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IN THE FORMATION OF TASTE PREFERENCES

Taste perception has a significant impact on the formation of human food preferences. The basics of taste perception of the child are formed under the influence of genetic polymorphism and congenital taste preferences, developing under the influence of a number of environmental factors. A significant impact on the formation of taste hasthe mother’s nutrition during pregnancy, the nature of the child’sfeeding, the baby’s health during the first year of life, as well as national and family traditions of nutrition. The article describes the mechanisms of formation of different taste sensations, summarizes the results of modern research on the genetics of taste receptors, the role of individual environmental factors in the development of food preferences. Special attention is paid to the peculiarities of the child’s nutrition during the first year of life

Taste receptors are our mediators in shaping the taste preferences of a child

The article presents modern data on the main molecular and genetic determinants of shaping the taste preferences. The authors present the structure and mechanism of the functioning of sweet taste receptors, umami taste, acidic and bitter tastes, as well as other molecules and cellular structures influencing the perception of flavors – the gust protein, toll-like receptors. They described the role of structures ensuring perception of taste outside the oral cavity – the cells of the hypothalamus. The article underlines the importance of the genetic polymorphism of these structures and the importance of interaction of genetic factors and environmental factors in shaping the taste preferences and eating behavior of the infant. Particular attention is given to the practical significance of the presented data in the context of introduction of supplemental foods for infants

Goat’s milk-based formulas in the nutrition of early infants: what do we know today?

Goat’s milk-based formulas are becoming more and more widespread in Europe and Russia. The article discusses the latest data on the composition and properties of goat’s milk. The article presents data on the content of functional components in goat’s milk, including lactoferrin and other bioactive peptides, oligosaccharides, nucleotides, polyamines and taurine. The authors assess adapted goat’s milk-based formulas and compare with cow’s milk-based formulas. The research described in  the article demonstrates the positive effect of goat’s milk-based formulas on the physical development of young children. The article presents the study demonstrating the effectiveness of Kabrita® Gold formula in young children with functional gastrointestinal disorders.Conflict of interest: The authors of this article confirmed the absence of any other possible conflict of interest, which should be reported. The article is sponsored by the company Kabrita