24,475 research outputs found
The algebra of rewriting for presentations of inverse monoids
We describe a formalism, using groupoids, for the study of rewriting for
presentations of inverse monoids, that is based on the Squier complex
construction for monoid presentations. We introduce the class of pseudoregular
groupoids, an example of which now arises as the fundamental groupoid of our
version of the Squier complex. A further key ingredient is the factorisation of
the presentation map from a free inverse monoid as the composition of an
idempotent pure map and an idempotent separating map. The relation module of a
presentation is then defined as the abelianised kernel of this idempotent
separating map. We then use the properties of idempotent separating maps to
derive a free presentation of the relation module. The construction of its
kernel - the module of identities - uses further facts about pseudoregular
groupoids.Comment: 22 page
Modelling alternative strategies for delivering hepatitis B vaccine in prisons : the impact on the vaccination coverage of the injecting drug user population
Since 2001 hepatitis B vaccination has been offered to prisoners on reception into prisons in
England and Wales. However, short campaigns of vaccinating the entire population of individual
prisons have achieved high vaccination coverage for limited periods, suggesting that short
campaigns may be a preferable way of vaccinating prisoners. A model is used that describes the
flow of prisoners through prisons stratified by injecting status to compare a range of vaccination
scenarios that describe vaccination on prison reception or via regular short campaigns. Model
results suggest that vaccinating on prison reception can capture a greater proportion of the
injecting drug user (IDU) population than the comparable campaign scenarios (63% vs. 55 . 6%
respectively). Vaccination on prison reception is also more efficient at capturing IDUs for
vaccination than vaccination via a campaign, although vaccination via campaigns may have a
role with some infections for overall control
Parafermionic phases with symmetry-breaking and topological order
Parafermions are the simplest generalizations of Majorana fermions that
realize topological order. We propose a less restrictive notion of topological
order in 1D open chains, which generalizes the seminal work by Fendley [J.
Stat. Mech., P11020 (2012)]. The first essential property is that the
groundstates are mutually indistinguishable by local, symmetric probes, and the
second is a generalized notion of zero edge modes which cyclically permute the
groundstates. These two properties are shown to be topologically robust, and
applicable to a wider family of topologically-ordered Hamiltonians than has
been previously considered. An an application of these edge modes, we formulate
a new notion of twisted boundary conditions on a closed chain, which guarantees
that the closed-chain groundstate is topological, i.e., it originates from the
topological manifold of degenerate states on the open chain. Finally, we
generalize these ideas to describe symmetry-breaking phases with a
parafermionic order parameter. These exotic phases are condensates of
parafermion multiplets, which generalizes Cooper pairing in superconductors.
The stability of these condensates are investigated on both open and closed
chains.Comment: 27 pages, 9 figure
Theoretical characterization of a model of aragonite crystal orientation in red abalone nacre
Nacre, commonly known as mother-of-pearl, is a remarkable biomineral that in
red abalone consists of layers of 400-nm thick aragonite crystalline tablets
confined by organic matrix sheets, with the crystal axes of the
aragonite tablets oriented to within 12 degrees from the normal to the
layer planes. Recent experiments demonstrate that this orientational order
develops over a distance of tens of layers from the prismatic boundary at which
nacre formation begins.
Our previous simulations of a model in which the order develops because of
differential tablet growth rates (oriented tablets growing faster than
misoriented ones) yield patterns of tablets that agree qualitatively and
quantitatively with the experimental measurements. This paper presents an
analytical treatment of this model, focusing on how the dynamical development
and eventual degree of order depend on model parameters. Dynamical equations
for the probability distributions governing tablet orientations are introduced
whose form can be determined from symmetry considerations and for which
substantial analytic progress can be made. Numerical simulations are performed
to relate the parameters used in the analytic theory to those in the
microscopic growth model. The analytic theory demonstrates that the dynamical
mechanism is able to achieve a much higher degree of order than naive estimates
would indicate.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figure
Level density of a Fermi gas and integer partitions: a Gumbel-like finite-size correction
We investigate the many-body level density of gas of non-interacting
fermions. We determine its behavior as a function of the temperature and the
number of particles. As the temperature increases, and beyond the usual
Sommerfeld expansion that describes the degenerate gas behavior, corrections
due to a finite number of particles lead to Gumbel-like contributions. We
discuss connections with the partition problem in number theory, extreme value
statistics as well as differences with respect to the Bose gas.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure, one figure added, accepted for publication in
Phys. Rev.
Influence, originality and similarity in directed acyclic graphs
We introduce a framework for network analysis based on random walks on
directed acyclic graphs where the probability of passing through a given node
is the key ingredient. We illustrate its use in evaluating the mutual influence
of nodes and discovering seminal papers in a citation network. We further
introduce a new similarity metric and test it in a simple personalized
recommendation process. This metric's performance is comparable to that of
classical similarity metrics, thus further supporting the validity of our
framework.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure
Test of nuclear level density inputs for Hauser-Feshbach model calculations
The energy spectra of neutrons, protons, and alpha-particles have been
measured from the d+59Co and 3He+58Fe reactions leading to the same compound
nucleus, 61$Ni. The experimental cross sections have been compared to
Hauser-Feshbach model calculations using different input level density models.
None of them have been found to agree with experiment. It manifests the serious
problem with available level density parameterizations especially those based
on neutron resonance spacings and density of discrete levels. New level
densities and corresponding Fermi-gas parameters have been obtained for
reaction product nuclei such as 60Ni,60Co, and 57Fe
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