568 research outputs found
Secondary electron emission yield in the limit of low electron energy
Secondary electron emission (SEE) from solids plays an important role in many
areas of science and technology.1 In recent years, there has been renewed
interest in the experimental and theoretical studies of SEE. A recent study
proposed that the reflectivity of very low energy electrons from solid surface
approaches unity in the limit of zero electron energy2,3,4, If this was indeed
the case, this effect would have profound implications on the formation of
electron clouds in particle accelerators,2-4 plasma measurements with
electrostatic Langmuir probes, and operation of Hall plasma thrusters for
spacecraft propulsion5,6. It appears that, the proposed high electron
reflectivity at low electron energies contradicts to numerous previous
experimental studies of the secondary electron emission7. The goal of this note
is to discuss possible causes of these contradictions.Comment: 3 pages, contribution to the Joint INFN-CERN-EuCARD-AccNet Workshop
on Electron-Cloud Effects: ECLOUD'12; 5-9 Jun 2012, La Biodola, Isola d'Elba,
Ital
Orbital stability of solutions to the problem on capillary-gravity waves in two-fluid layer
Going back to N. E. Kochin [1] problem about capillary-gravity waves on interface of
two-fluid flow is considered as bifurcation problem with spectral parameters
Magnetic field and unstable accretion during AM Herculis low states
A study of AM Her low states in September 1990 and 1991 and June-July 1997 is
reported from a coordinated campaign with observations obtained at the
Haute-Provence observatory, at the 6-m telescope of the Special Astrophysical
Observatory and at the 2.6m and 1.25m telescopes of the Crimean observatory.
Spectra obtained at different dates when the source was in low states at a
comparable V magnitude, show the presence of strong Zeeman absorption features
and marked changes in emission lines with a day-to-day reappearance of the HeII
(4686\AA) emission lines in 1991. Despite this variability, the magnetic field
inferred from the fitting of the absorption spectrum with Zeeman hydrogen
splitting, is remarkably constant with a best value of (12.50.5)MG.
Detailed analysis of the UBVRI light curves shows the presence of repetitive
moderate amplitude ( 0.3-0.5 mag) flares predominantly red in colour.
These flares are attributed to small accretion events and are compared to the
large ( 2 mag.) blue flare reported by Shakhovskoy et al. (1993). We
suggest that the general flaring activity observed during the low states is
generated by accretion events. The different characteristics of the flares
(colour and polarization) are the results of different shock geometries
depending on the net mass accretion flux.Comment: accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics (Main Journal), 10 pages, 6
Figures, Late
Complete Parallax and Proper Motion Solutions For Halo Binary-Lens Microlensing Events
A major problem in the interpretation of microlensing events is that the only
measured quantity, the Einstein time scale t_E, is a degenerate combination of
the three quantities one would like to know, the mass, distance, and speed of
the lens. This degeneracy can be partly broken by measuring either a "parallax"
or a "proper motion" and completely broken by measuring both. Proper motions
can easily be measured for caustic-crossing binary-lens events. Here we examine
the possibility (first discussed by Hardy & Walker) that one could also measure
a parallax for some of these events by comparing the light curves of the
caustic crossing as seen from two observatories on Earth. We derive analytic
expressions for the signal-to-noise ratio of the parallax measurement in terms
of the characteristics of the source and the geometry of the event. For
Galactic halo binary lenses seen toward the LMC, the light curve is delayed
from one continent to another by a seemingly minuscule 15 seconds (compared to
t_E ~ 40 days). However, this is sufficient to cause a difference in
magnification of order 10%. To actually extract complete parallax information
(as opposed to merely detecting the effect) requires observations from three
non-collinear observatories. Parallaxes cannot be measured for binary lenses in
the LMC but they can be measured for Galactic halo binary lenses seen toward
M31. Robust measurements are possible for disk binary lenses seen toward the
Galactic bulge, but are difficult for bulge binary lenses.Comment: Revised to take account of important work by Hardy & Walker (1995
Two-particle correlations in azimuthal angle and pseudorapidity in inelastic p + p interactions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron
Factorization and Lie point symmetries of general Lienard-type equation in the complex plane
We present a variational approach to a general Lienard-type equation in order
to linearize it and, as an example, the Van der Pol oscillator is discussed.
The new equation which is almost linear is factorized. The point symmetries of
the deformed equation are also discussed and the two-dimensional Lie algebraic
generators are obtained
Stellar models of evolved secondaries in CVs
In this paper we study the impact of chemically evolved secondaries on CV
evolution. We find that when evolved secondaries are included a spread in the
secondary mass-orbital period plane comparable to that seen in the data is
produced for either the saturated prescription for magnetic braking or the
unsaturated model commonly used for CVs. We argue that in order to explain this
spread a considerable fraction of all CVs should have evolved stars as the
secondaries. The evolved stars become fully convective at lower orbital
periods. Therefore, even if there was an abrupt decrease in magnetic braking
for fully convective stars (contrary to open cluster data) it would not be
expected to produce a sharp break in the period distribution for CVs. We also
explore recent proposed revisions to the angular momentum loss rate for single
stars, and find that only modest increases over the saturated prescription are
consistent with the overall observed spindown pattern. We compare predictions
of our models with diagnostics of the mass accretion rate in WDs and find
results intermediate between the saturated and the older braking prescription.
Taken together these suggest that the angular momentum loss rate may be higher
in CV secondaries than in single stars of the same rotation period, but is
still significantly lower than in the traditional model. Alternative
explanations for the CV period gap are discussed.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figures. Submitted to Ap
Generation of coherent terahertz pulses in Ruby at room temperature
We have shown that a coherently driven solid state medium can potentially
produce strong controllable short pulses of THz radiation. The high efficiency
of the technique is based on excitation of maximal THz coherence by applying
resonant optical pulses to the medium. The excited coherence in the medium is
connected to macroscopic polarization coupled to THz radiation. We have
performed detailed simulations by solving the coupled density matrix and
Maxwell equations. By using a simple -type energy scheme for ruby, we have
demonstrated that the energy of generated THz pulses ranges from hundreds of
pico-Joules to nano-Joules at room temperature and micro-Joules at liquid
helium temperature, with pulse durations from picoseconds to tens of
nanoseconds. We have also suggested a coherent ruby source that lases on two
optical wavelengths and simultaneously generates THz radiation. We discussed
also possibilities of extension of the technique to different solid-state
materials
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