5,804 research outputs found
Small heat-shock proteins: important players in regulating cellular proteostasis
Small heat-shock proteins (sHsps) are a diverse family of intra-cellular molecular chaperone proteins that play a critical role in mitigating and preventing protein aggregation under stress conditions such as elevated temperature, oxidation and infection. In doing so, they assist in the maintenance of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) thereby avoiding the deleterious effects that result from loss of protein function and/or protein aggregation. The chaperone properties of sHsps are therefore employed extensively in many tissues to prevent the development of diseases associated with protein aggregation. Significant progress has been made of late in understanding the structure and chaperone mechanism of sHsps. In this review, we discuss some of these advances, with a focus on mammalian sHsp hetero-oligomerisation, the mechanism by which sHsps act as molecular chaperones to prevent both amorphous and fibrillar protein aggregation, and the role of post-translational modifications in sHsp chaperone function, particularly in the context of disease.SM was supported by a Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Fellowship, HE is supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT110100586) and JC is supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council Project Grant (#1068087)
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A case of porphyria cutanea tarda in the setting of hepatitis C infection and tobacco usage
Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is the most common type of porphyria, presenting in middle-aged patients with a photodistributed vesiculobullous eruption, milia, and scars. Porphyria cutanea tarda occurs in relation to inhibition of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, a key enzyme in the heme biosynthesis pathway. A number of genetic and acquired factors increase susceptibility to PCT by reducing uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase activity. A handful of other vesiculobullous conditions may mimic PCT both clinically and histologically; therefore, both skin biopsy and laboratory evaluation are helpful in confirming the diagnosis. We report a case of PCT in the setting of cigarette usage and untreated hepatitis C infection
The Continuing Conundrum of International Internet Jurisdiction
International law has long been concerned with resolving issues of international jurisdiction; however, the unique circumstances involved in Internet cases have thrown a wrench in the traditional machinary of international jurisdiction law. Domestic courts continue to struggle with the issue, and the international community has dragged its feet on developing a uniform standard for determining international Internet jurisdiction. Further complicating matters, states often have divergent substantive Internet regulations and policies. This Note discusses and analyzes the leading cases and theories on international Internet jurisdiction and concludes that none of the current proposed solutions alone provide a satisfactory solution. Nevertheless, an international resolution on internet jurisdiction that borrows elements from each of these proposals could be successfully established
Nucleation and growth control in protein crystallization
The five topics summarized in this final report are as follows: (1) a technique for the expedient, semi-automated determination of protein solubilities as a function of temperature and application of this technique to proteins other than lysozyme; (2) a small solution cell with adjustable temperature gradients for the growth of proteins at a predetermined location through temperature programming; (3) a microscopy system with image storage and processing capability for high resolution optical studies of temperature controlled protein growth and etching kinetics; (4) growth experiments with lysozyme in thermosyphon flow ; and (5) a mathematical model for the evolution of evaporation/diffusion induced concentration gradients in the hanging drop protein crystallization technique
Wear transitions in a wear coefficient model
The frictional-work wear model has been used popularly for the prediction of wear phenomena such as rail corrugation. The accuracy of such models depends on the value chosen for the empirical wear coefficient in this wear model. Experimental results have widely shown that this wear coefficient is strongly dependent upon the type of wear process involved. The wear coefficient in the frictional-work wear model under two-disc contact and dry friction conditions proposed is a multi-step function of the friction power density corresponding to three types of wear. However, at present there is no clear means of predicting the transitions between wear types. This paper investigates wear transitions between the wear types are predicted using analytical models based on the wear mechanics involved
Leadership and Race: How to Develop and Support Leadership that Contributes to Racial Justice
This report explores the ways in which our current thinking about leadership often contributes to producing and maintaining racialized dynamics, and identifies a set of core competencies associated with racial justice leadership. Recommendations are included for helping leadership programs develop and support leadership that furthers racial justice in organizations, communities, and the broader society
What are the educational needs and experiences of asylum-seeking and refugee children, including those who are unaccompanied, with a particular focus on inclusion? - A literature review
In a context of mass displacement and flows of asylum-seeking and refugee peoples across national borders, the need to respond and attend to the education of asylum-seeking and refugee children is urgent and pressing, though it is not without its challenges. This literature review focuses on the educational experiences of asylum seeking and refugee children, including those who are unaccompanied, with a particular focus on inclusion. It seeks to respond to the following three interconnected questions:
1. What does current educational literature tell us about the educational needs and experiences of asylumseeking
and refugee children as they relate to inclusion?
2. What does current educational literature tell us about the educational needs and experiences of
unaccompanied asylum-seeking and refugee children as they relate to inclusion?
3. What implications and recommendations can be drawn from existing literature?
The review has a particular interest in the needs and experiences of unaccompanied asylum-seeking and refugee children, but recognises that though there is a developing literature specifically on unaccompanied asylum seeking and refugee children (see, for example, Stanley, 2001; Derluyn and Broekaert, 2008; Pastoor, 2015) such needs must be understood and positioned in relation to the wider educational needs and experiences of asylum seeking and refugee children more generally. While other literature reviews on asylum-seeking and refugee children are available (see, for example, Hek, 2005; McBrien, 2005), the present review adds to existing work by:
• including an explicit focus on the educational needs and experiences of asylum-seeking and refugee children who are unaccompanied;
• providing an up-to-date review of literature which analyses and reports the educational needs and experiences of asylum-seeking and refugee children.
The review focuses in particular on post-migration experiences within school settings as they relate to asylum seeking and refugee children’s social inclusion
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