1,708 research outputs found
Interpretation of contradictory images by means of systems of linear inequalities
We consider the problem of interpretation of three-dimensional images from their flat projections up to the set of visible faces. For projections of convex polyhedra, we present an interpretation algorithm based on maximal feasible subsystems of a certain infeasible system of linear inequalities modeling the visibility requirement for faces. A number of model examples are given; in particular, the algorithm is applied to the interpretation of the Necker cube. Β© 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd
ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ’ Π’Π ΠΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ’ΠΠ Π ΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠΠΠ
Platelets play an important role in initiating atherothrombosis, i.e. the formation of blood clots inside a blood vessel at areas of atherosclerotic vascular injury. The functional (prothrombotic) activity of platelets significantly varies both in healthy individuals and in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The increased platelet production and turnover may be one of the reasons for promoting platelet activity. Stimulating thrombocytopoiesis results in large and reticular (with an increased amount of RNA) "young" platelets in the bloodstream. These platelets contain more adhesive receptors, more secretory granules and have an increased aggregation capacity. The review provides data indicating that large and reticular platelets are not only markers, but also predictors of atherothrombotic events, and primarily of acute coronary syndrome. An increase in such platelet count in patients receiving antiplatelet drugs is associated with a decrease in effectiveness of their antiplatelet action. It is assumed that the appearance of large and reticular platelets in the blood of patients with atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis may be a consequence of an increase in the thrombopoietic activity of megakaryocytes in these pathological conditions.Π’ΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·Π° β ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ². Π€ΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ (ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ) Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Ρ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΡ, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ·Π° Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ (Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ Π ΠΠ) Β«ΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅Β» ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ» ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅, ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°. Π£Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ, Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π³ΡΠ΅Π³Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Ρ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π³Π°ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ
Finite groups isospectral to simple groups
The spectrum of a finite group is the set of element orders of this group.
The main goal of this paper is to survey results concerning recognition of
finite simple groups by spectrum, in particular, to list all finite simple
groups for which the recognition problem is solved
Diagnostics of thrombocytopenias
Laboratory methods used for the diagnostics of thrombocytopenias are reviewed. Differential diagnosis is usually carried out between immune and hypoproductive forms of thrombocytopenia. Immune thrombocytopenias are caused by appearance in blood of antiplatelet abtibodies and accelerated destruction of platelets sensibilized by those antibodies, and hypoproductive thrombocytopenias - by impaired platelet production in the bone marrow. Main directions of the laboratory diagnostics of thrombocytopenias - analysis of auto - and alloautoantibodies and evaluation of platelet production and turnover in the blood stream. The following methods are used for the investigation of antiplatelet antibodies: 1) measurement of platelet associated immunoglobulins; 2) determination of circulating antibodies reacting with platelets; 3) determination of antibodies using antigen specific methods - by their reactivity with isolated platelet antigens (glycoproteins). Efficacy of platelet production could be assessed by measuring in blood the amount of βyoungβ (reticulated) platelets. One more method for the evaluation of platelet production as well as the rate of platelet turnover - measurement of plasma soluble glycocalicin, glycoprotein Ib fragment shed from the surface of platelets upon their destruction in spleen and liver. In patients with immune thrombocytopenia autoantibodies are evaluated in all cases, the percentage of reticulated platelets is significantly increased and the amount of plasma glycocalicin is within the normal range or increased. In patients with hypoproductive thrombocytopenia autoantibodies are not detected or detected at low level, the percentage of reticulated platelets is within the normal range or slightly increased and the amount of plasma glycocalicin is lowered. Diagnostics of hapten forms of immune thromocytopenias (heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and others) and of alloimmune thrombocytopenias (neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia in particular) are considered in the separate sections of this review
ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ Π« β ΠΠΠΠ«Π Π€ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ Π‘Π£ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ ΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠΠ£ΠΠ―ΠΠ’ΠΠ
A ptamers are a new class of oligonucleotide compounds capable of specific binding to various molecular targets and inhibiting their activity. Aptamers are selected from a library of randomly syn-thesized oligonucleotides (from 20 to 60 nucleotides long) based on their ability to bind to the target molecule. In the future, such primary aptamers can be chemically modified to optimize their structure and increase stability. Aptamers are considered to be chemical (oligonucleotide) analogues of monoclonal antibodies: their specificity is similar to that of antibodies, and they have high affinity to their targets. Aptamers are widely used to create pharmacological medicines. As pharmacological substances, they have a number of benefits over antibodies and other protein molecules. Aptamers are practically non-immunogenic, chemically synthesized without the use of biological producers, and their antidotes can easily be created using complementary sequences. The review highlights reports devoted to the development of new anticoagulant aptamer-based medications. The most detailed studies, both preclinical and clinical (various phases of clinical trials), were performed in relation to the study of aptamers against vWF, factor IX and thrombin.Β Β ΠΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΈΠ· Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² (Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΎΡ 20 Π΄ΠΎ 60 Π½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²) ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉ-ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ. Π Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ (ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ) Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π», Ρ. ΠΊ. ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π° (Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ) ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΌ. ΠΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½Ρ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. Π ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ°Π³ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ (Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π· ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ), Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ² ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠΈΠ»Π»Π΅Π±ΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°, ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° IX ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°.Β
Geometric estimation of volcanic eruption column height from GOES-R near-limb imagery-Part 2: Case studies
In a companion paper (HorvΓ‘th et al., 2021), we introduced a new technique to estimate volcanic eruption column height from extremely oblique near-limb geostationary views. The current paper demonstrates and validates the technique in a number of recent eruptions, ranging from ones with weak columnar plumes to subplinian events with massive umbrella clouds and overshooting tops that penetrate the stratosphere. Due to its purely geometric nature, the new method is shown to be unaffected by the limitations of the traditional brightness temperature method, such as height underestimation in subpixel and semitransparent plumes, ambiguous solutions near the tropopause temperature inversion, or the lack of solutions in undercooled plumes. The side view height estimates were in good agreement with plume heights derived from ground-based video and satellite stereo observations, suggesting they can be a useful complement to established techniques
Safety issues of monoclonal antibodies used in rheumatology
Success in practical rheumatology of the latest decade achieved mainly due to monoclonal antibodies (MABs) appearance in routine medical practice. At the same time, the experience of practical application of MABs is limited both by observation period and exposure and their clinical and pharmacological properties do not allow to fully characterizing their safety profile with the data from clinical studies. The use of MABs is associated with the risk of delayed adverse drug reactions (ADRs) β types B (immunoallergic reactions), C (new diseases) and D (delayed teratogenic and oncogenic effects). Determination of risk factors in real medical evidence is especially important. The risk factors of ADRs including serious ADRs were studied based on an analysis of the spontaneous reports database of the Federal Service for Supervision in Healthcare and the data from rheumatologic register of patients receiving MABs β the E.E. Eikhvald Clinic in North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov. It was shown that the factors coming from the patient (gender, age group) do not affect the severity of the risk of occurrence of ADR, including serious ADRs, while the risk factor for monoclonal antibodies can be considered the choice of tocilizumab, which increases the risk of serious ADRs
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ 4 Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the joints, spine, and entheses, which is associated with psoriasis. The pathological process is localized mainly in the tissues of the locomotor system and leads to the development of erosive arthritis, intra-articular osteolysis, and spondyloarthritis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biological agents (BAs), and targeted synthetic drugs (or signaling pathway blockers) are used to treat PsA. The latter group of drugs includes apremilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor. Recent data of controlled studies suggest that apremilast is effective and safe in treating psoriasis and PsA. Prospects for the use of apremilast in PsA are associated with the possibility of giving the drug to patients because of the inefficacy of DMARDs or BAs.Β ΠΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡ (ΠΡΠ) β Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ², Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°, Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ»Ρ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΡΠ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ, Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄Ρ, Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ (ΠΠΠΠ), Π³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΠΈΠ½ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ (ΠΠΠΠ) ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ (ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ³Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ). Π ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ, ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ 4. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π½ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π·Π° ΠΈ ΠΡΠ. ΠΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΡΠ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π½Π΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΠΠΠ.
Use of Thrombodynamics for revealing the participation of platelet, erythrocyte, endothelial, and monocyte microparticles in coagulation activation and propagation
Background and objective: For many pathological states, microparticles are supposed to be one of the causes of hyper-coagulation. Although there are some indirect data about microparticles participation in coagulation activation and propagation, the integral hemostasis test Thrombodynamics allows to measure micropaticles participation in these two coagulation phases directly. Demonstrates microparticles participation in coagulation activation by influence on the appearance of coagulation centres in the plasma volume and the rate of clot growth from the surface with immobilized tissue factor.Methods: Microparticles were obtained from platelets and erythrocytes by stimulation with thrombin receptor-activating peptide (SFLLRN) and calcium ionophore (A23187), respectively, from monocytes, endothelial HUVEC culture and monocytic THP cell culture by stimulation with lipopolysaccharides. Microparticles were counted by flow cytometry and titrated in microparticle-depleted normal plasma in the Thrombodynamics test.Results: Monocyte microparticles induced the appearance of clotting centres through the TF pathway at concentrations approximately 100-fold lower than platelet and erythrocyte microparticles, which activated plasma by the contact pathway. For endothelial microparticles, both activation pathways were essential, and their activity was intermediate. Monocyte microparticles induced plasma clotting by the appearance of hundreds of clots with an extremely slow growth rate, while erythrocyte microparticles induced the appearance of a few clots with a growth rate similar to that from surface covered with high-density tissue factor. Patterns of clotting induced by platelet and endothelial microparticles were intermediate. Platelet, erythrocyte and endothelial microparticles impacts on the rate of clot growth from the surface with tissue factor did not differ significantly within the 0-200-10(3)/ulrange of microparticles concentrations. However, at concentrations greater than 500.10(3)/mu l, erythrocyte microparticles increased the stationary clot growth rate to significantly higher levels than do platelet microparticles or artificial phospholipid vesicles consisting of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine.Conclusion: Microparticles of different origins demonstrated qualitatively different characteristics related to coagulation activation and propagation.</div
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