Effect of Secondary Flows on Heat Transfer of a Gas Turbine Blade

This study presents experimental and numerical investigation for three-dimensional heat transfer characteristics in a turbine blade. An experimental setup was installed with a turbine cascade of five-blade channels. Blade heat transfer measurements were performed for the middle channel under uniform heat flux boundary conditions. Heat was supplied to the blades using twenty-nine electric heating strips cemented vertically on the outer surface of the blades. Distributions of heat transfer coefficient were obtained at three levels through blade height by measuring surface temperature distribution using thermocouples. To understand heat transfer characteristics, surface static pressure distributions on blade surface were also measured. Numerical investigation was performed as well to extend the investigation to locations other than those measured experimentally. Three-dimensional nonisothermal, turbulent flow was obtained by solving Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations and energy equation. The shear stress transport model was employed to represent turbulent flow. It was found through this study that secondary flow generated by flow deflection increases heat transfer coefficient on the blade suction surface. Separation lines with high heat transfer coefficients were predicted numerically with good agreement with the experimental measurements

Designing and Implementing of Electronic Health Record System in Ksa using Sql & Asp.Net

Electronic health record (EHR) rapid progress for reporting electronic data storage that employs uniform data standards will enable health care organizations to respond more quickly to federal state, and private reporting requirements, including those that support patient safety and disease surveillance. An examination of many hospitals that recently implemented in King Saudi Arabia (KSA). A little of electronic health record (EHR) system finds that clinical and administrative leaders built EHR adoption into their strategic plans to integrate, inpatient and outpatient care system and a provide  continuum of coordinated services. Using Relational Data Base Management Systems (RDBMS) with eXtend Marker Language (XML) Systems and ASP.NET as web based system. Successful implementation depended on: strong leadership, full involvement of clinical staff in design and implementation, mandatory staff training, and strict adherence to timeline and budget. The EHR systems facilitate patient safety and quality development through; use of checklists, alerts, and predictive tools embedded clinical guidelines that promote standardized, evidence-based practices electronic prescribing and test-ordering that reduces errors and redundancy and discrete data fields that foster use of performance dashboards and compliance reports. The proposed system will be developed using ASP.NET as a technology of web based system. In this paper; most of the services, enjoyed on the Web are provided by web database applications and using .net technology. Such as, Web-based email, online shopping, forums and bulletin boards, corporate web sites, and sports and news portals are all database-driven. The main goals in this work, building a modern web site of electronic health record system in KSA hospitals. Keywords: XML, RDBMS, EHR , EMR, EPR, GIS, PH

Development Of Health Care Systems in Subareas of KSA Using GIS Concept

The present study was directed to show how Geographical Information Systems (GIS) can be used to support health planning and demanding on a micro-scale and explore the possibilities of using GIS for health care services in hospitals in Saudi Arabia subareas. The first part of this work explained the issues that affect a local health care planning and monitoring of catchment area and facilities management. Each one of these issues was covered using several GIS functions including network analysis and spatial data analysis. The second part defined GIS and its possible application in the health care field. In this section, the relevant GIS functions have also been explained. In response, alternative sources were used, such as Google Earth, printed maps and information gathered on the ground by GPS. The third part discussed the creation and implementation of GIS application models, which was made for a local health care center in Makah AlMokaramah region and Taif city in Saudi Arabia. All the produced models can be applied in any private or public hospital in Makkahh region and Taif city. They can be used to build a spatial decision making support system for hospitals in Taif region and serves five local health services neighborhoods named as Tarabah, AlKhurma, Rania, Zulam and Al-Moya. The most important results of this research were the determination of geographic locations of healthcare institutions, identifying ways and distances to reach the nearest access roads to these institutions. As well as being able to extract administrative regions on a large number of population, hospitals, health centers, number of beds, number of doctors and number of nurses. One of the recommendations of this research the need of using GIS and GPS (Global Positional System) to determine the locations of health institutions on a number of sites

Kinetic and DFT Studies on the Mechanism of C−S Bond Formation by Alkyne Addition to the [Mo3S4(H2O)9]4+ Cluster

Reaction of [Mo3(μ3-S)(μ-S)3] clusters with alkynes usually leads to formation of two C−S bonds between the alkyne and two of the bridging sulfides. The resulting compounds contain a bridging alkenedithiolate ligand, and the metal centers appear to play a passive role despite reactions at those sites being well illustrated for this kind of cluster. A detailed study including kinetic measurements and DFT calculations has been carried out to understand the mechanism of reaction of the [Mo3(μ3-S)(μ-S)3(H2O)9]4+ (1) cluster with two different alkynes, 2-butyne-1,4-diol and acetylenedicarboxylic acid. Stoppedflow experiments indicate that the reaction involves the appearance in a single kinetic step of a band at 855 or 875 nm, depending on the alkyne used, a position typical of clusters with two C−S bonds. The effects of the concentrations of the reagents, the acidity, and the reaction medium on the rate of reaction have been analyzed. DFT and TD-DFT calculations provide information on the nature of the product formed, its electronic spectrum and the energy profile for the reaction. The structure of the transition state indicates that the alkyne approaches the cluster in a lateral way and both C−S bonds are formed simultaneously

Melatonin ameliorates serobiochemical alterations and restores the cardio-nephro diabetic vascular and cellular alterations in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Melatonin possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antidiabetic properties. Diabetes mellitus (DM) induces several physiopathological changes in body organs, which could be observed lately after systemic failure. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the serobiochemical changes and the histopathological picture in the diabetic heart and the kidney early before chronic complications and highlight the association between hyperglycemia, glomerular alterations, and cardiovascular changes. In addition, the role of melatonin in the treatment of cardio-nephro diabetic vascular and cellular adverse changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was also studied. A total of 40 mature Wistar albino rats were distributed into five groups; (1) control untreated rats, (2) diabetic mellitus untreated (DM) rats, in which DM was induced by the injection of streptozotocin (STZ), (3) control melatonin-treated (MLT), (4) melatonin-treated diabetic (DM + MLT) rats, in which melatonin was injected (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 4 weeks, and (5) insulin-treated diabetic (DM + INS) rats. The serum biochemical analysis of diabetic STZ rats showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in the concentrations of blood glucose, total oxidative capacity (TOC), CK-MB, endothelin-1, myoglobin, H-FABP, ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine as compared to control rats. In contrast, there was a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in serum concentration of insulin, total antioxidative capacity (TAC), total nitric oxide (TNO), and total protein level in DM rats vs. the control rats. Significant improvement in the serobiochemical parameters was noticed in both (DM + MLT) and (DM + INS) groups as compared with (DM) rats. The histological examination of the DM group revealed a disorder of myofibers, cardiomyocyte nuclei, and an increase in connective tissue deposits in between cardiac tissues. Severe congestion and dilation of blood capillaries between cardiac muscle fibers were also observed. The nephropathic changes in DM rats revealed various deteriorations in glomeruli and renal tubular cells of the same group. In addition, vascular alterations in the arcuate artery at the corticomedullary junction and interstitial congestion take place. Melatonin administration repaired all these histopathological alterations to near-control levels. The study concluded that melatonin could be an effective therapeutic molecule for restoring serobiochemical and tissue histopathological alterations during diabetes mellitus

Fracture mechanics and mechanical testing laboratory at Inshas report no. 2

The steels used for the construction of nuclear reactor pressure vessels are low alloy ferritic steels. These steels must have good impact properties, i.e., low transition temperature and high upper shelf energy, both before and during being sublect to service conditions; the most important is neutron irradiation. Extensive R&D work has been conducted to make the production of such steels possible. In the present study instrumented impact testing was conducted for three advanced pressure vessel steels in comparison with a conventional pressure vessel steel. The first one of the advanced steels was a 20MnMoNi55 (ASTM A533-B C1.2) weld produced in Germany (GW). The second was an ASTM A508 CI.3 forging produced in France (FF). The third was an ASTM A533-B CI.1 plate produced in Japan (JP). The conventional steel was an ASTM A533-B CI.1 plate (HSST 03 plate) produced in USA (HSST) and it represents steels used in most nuclear reactor pressure vessels currently in operation. Both microstructure and fracture surface were examined using optical and SEM techniques. In general, the advanced steels showed much better impact properties (lower ductile-brittle transition temperature and higher upper shelf energy) than the conventional steel. The ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTI) at 41 J(T41J) was -73, -57 and -44·C for the GW, FF and JP steels, respectively, [...

Fracture mechanics and mechanical testing laboratory at Inchass

The laboratory, which is part of the Department of Metallurgy, is concerned with the evaluation of the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of steels in general, as well as other structural materials. Concern is directed towards those materials of interest in nuclear and other industrial applications. The laboratory was established within the framework of the Bilateral Agreement between Germany and Egypt. The laboratory space, with the basic facilities, was prepared by AEA, while the equipment is exclusively donated by Germany, through the International Bureau of KFA Jülich. Plans for establishing this laboratory were initiated in the early eighties. Such a laboratory was considered, and still is an important and essential activity in nuclear materials research. However, for Egypt it was a prerequisite to her nuclear power programme to have qualified personnel in the area of pressure vessel steel fracture characteristics before, during and after irradiation, in addition to acquiring the test facilities. These test facilities could be utilized for cold (pre-irradiation testing) whereas hot cell testing could, later, be a part of a material testing reactor. Although Egypt is not at present concerned with the production of pressure vessel steels, however acquiring the expertise in this area, including qualified personnel aware of the PVS performance and acceptance codes and standards is of outmost importance. Plans started with the simultaneous request from IAEA to help finance the establishment of a PVS laboratory at lnchass together with training research engineers in this area. This project was forwarded to IAEA for technical assistance under the title "Mechanical Testing of Pressure Vessel Steels". The equipment proposed consisted mainly of: - an instrumented impact machine, - a universal testing machine, - an electromagnetic resonance machine for precracking of impact and compact tension (CT) specimens. At the same time a research and development programme was going on between the Dept. of Metallurgy, AEA and KFA, in the area of "The Fracture Behaviour of Pressel Vessel Steels". The research was conducted at KFA and several publications were made and are given in Section 12 of this report. [...

Effect of Gamma-Rays on the Growth and Penicillin Production of Penicillium chrysogenum

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses (25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 Gy) of gamma radiation on spore germination in Penicillium chrysogenum and on the production and efficacy of penicillin in this fungus. A dose of 200 Gy of gamma radiation increased spore germination by 70.2% after 20 hours of incubation compared to control cultures. It was also found that penicillin yield increased by 95.2% at this dose of gamma radiation. The efficacy of penicillin was remarkably enhanced, resulting in a 99.6% reduction in the total count of Staphylococcus aureus treated with penicillin from irradiated P. chrysogenum compared with that of S. aureus treated with commercially available and purified penicillin from nonirradiated fungi. The results obtained highlighted the potential of this technology for production of penicillin

Comparison ofArbitrarily Primed PCR, Antibiotic Resistance and Plasmid Profiling for Differentiating Salmonella enteritidis Isolated from Fish

A total of 28 isolates of Salmonella enteritidis isolated from Tilapia (Tilapia mossambica) were investigated through arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) fingerprinting using three primers, plasmid profiling and their antibiotic resistance patterns. All 28 isolates carried at least one plasmid ranging in size from 1.4 to 38 megadalton that enabled the S. enteritidis to be grouped into nine plasmid profiles. Isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid (21.1%), penicillin (39.3%) and streptomycin (71.4%), and were susceptible to carbenicillin, cephalothin,kanamycin, rifampicin and tetracycline. Seventeen isolates (60.7%) were resistant to a single antibiotic and eleven (39.3%) were resistant to two antibiotics; thus separating the isolates into six antibiotic resistance patterns. The AP-PCR results showed that the collection of isolates were genetically very heterogenous. AP-PCR enabled us to differentiate the isolates into 28 AP-PCR types. Analysis derived from these data in combination (AP-PCR, plasmid profiling and antibiotic resistance patterns) showed that all 28 isolates were distinct and were grouped into 28 individual groups. Our results demonstrate that AP-PCR fingerprinting method is more sensitive than plasmid profiling and antibiotic resistance patterns with respect to the individualization of the isolates used in this study