Информационная система учета и анализа закупок ООО «Ярче»

Объектом исследования является документооборот производственных процессов. Целью работы – создание информационной системы учета и анализа закупок ООО "Ярче". В процессе исследования проводились: изучение структуры и документооборота ООО "Ярче", а также специфики работы отдела закупок, теоретический анализ, обзор аналогов, проектирование и разработка информационной системы, анализ проявлений вредных и опасных факторов. В результате исследования разработана информационная система, реализующая следующие функции: учет закупок, оценка надежности поставщиков, планирование закупок, анализ выполнения закупок. Реализовано 4 справочника, 4 документа с печатными формами, 8 отчетов, 1 регистр.The object of the study is the workflow of production processes. The aim of the work is to create an information system for accounting and analysis of purchases of Yarche LLC. In the course of the study, the study of the structure and workflow of Yarche LLC, as well as the specifics of the procurement department, theoretical analysis, review of analogues, design and development of an information system, analysis of the manifestations of harmful and dangerous factors, were conducted. As a result of the study, an information system has been developed that implements the functions: accounting of purchases, assessment of the reliability of suppliers, planning of purchases, analysis of the implementation of purchases. 4 reference books, 4 documents with printed forms, 8 reports, 1 register

Ethylene supports colonization of plant roots by the mutualistic fungus Piriformospora indica

The mutualistic basidiomycete Piriformospora indica colonizes roots of mono- and dicotyledonous plants, and thereby improves plant health and yield. Given the capability of P. indica to colonize a broad range of hosts, it must be anticipated that the fungus has evolved efficient strategies to overcome plant immunity and to establish a proper environment for nutrient acquisition and reproduction. Global gene expression studies in barley identified various ethylene synthesis and signaling components that were differentially regulated in P. indica-colonized roots. Based on these findings we examined the impact of ethylene in the symbiotic association. The data presented here suggest that P. indica induces ethylene synthesis in barley and Arabidopsis roots during colonization. Moreover, impaired ethylene signaling resulted in reduced root colonization, Arabidopsis mutants exhibiting constitutive ethylene signaling, -synthesis or ethylene-related defense were hyper-susceptible to P. indica. Our data suggest that ethylene signaling is required for symbiotic root colonization by P. indica

Enantioselective Phytotoxicity of the Herbicide Imazethapyr on the Response of the Antioxidant System and Starch Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana

Background: The enantiomers of a chiral compound possess different biological activities, and one of the enantiomers usually shows a higher level of toxicity. Therefore, the exploration of the causative mechanism of enantioselective toxicity is regarded as one of primary goals of biological chemistry. Imazethapyr (IM) is an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting chiral herbicide that has been widely used in recent years with racemate. We investigated the enantioselectivity between R- and S-IM to form reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to regulate antioxidant gene transcription and enzyme activity. Results: Dramatic differences between the enantiomers were observed: the enantiomer of R-IM powerfully induced ROS formation, yet drastically reduced antioxidant gene transcription and enzyme activity, which led to an oxidative stress. The mechanism by which IM affects carbohydrate metabolism in chloroplasts has long remained a mystery. Here we report evidence that enantioselectivity also exists in starch metabolism. The enantiomer of R-IM resulted in the accumulation of glucose, maltose and sucrose in the cytoplasm or the chloroplast and disturbed carbohydrates utilization. Conclusion: The study suggests that R-IM more strongly retarded plant growth than S-IM not only by acting on ALS, but also by causing an imbalance in the antioxidant system and the disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism wit

Biochemical response of Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em> (L.) Karst.) towards 14-month exposure to ozone and acid mist: Effects on amino acid, glutathione and polyamine titers.

Two clones of Norway spruce were exposed to elevated ozone levels (100 &mu;g m-3 with episodes of 130-360 &mu;g m-3) in combination with acidic mist (pH 3.0) for two vegetation periods. The plants did not exhibit any visible injury, but levels of several amino acids and polyamines were altered in comparison with control plants (50 &mu;g m-3 ozone, mist of pH 5.6), the changes being pronounced in clone 14. Total free amino acids as well as methionine titers were increased in clone 14. Asparagine was significantly increased in clone 11 and less so in clone 14. Arginine, which comprised more than 50% of the free amino acids in spruce needles, was not changed by the exposure regime applied. Reduced glutathione was significantly increased in all clones/soil/needle age combinations (average increase 50%). Free soluble putrescine was enhanced by 50-200% in clone 14, but remained unchanged in clone 11. Conjugated putrescine was significantly, and conjugated spermidime was slightly, increased in both clones, whereas other polyamines did not respond to the treatment

Genes and Enzymes for In-Planta Phytoremediation of Air, Water and Soil.

Plants harbour highly versatile enzymatic machineries to attack and detoxify pollutants. Similarities to the mammalian detoxification led to the coining of the term green liver&quot; for plant xenobiotic metabolism. Important enzyme classes such as cytochrome P450 monoxygenases, glutathione S-transferases, glycosyltransferases and transporters are involved in both kingdoms. The availability of the first whole plant genome sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana revealed an unforeseen complexity of these enzyme classes. Genetic and biochemical diversity, by far exceeding at least single microorganisms, seems to exist in plants. In agreement with previous investigations at the enzymatic level both terrestrial and aquatic plants possess an enormous potential for phytoremediation of soil, water and air if limitations due to insufficient uptake into plants can be overcome. This is exemplified by the detoxification of herbicides, halogenated phenols and anilines, and formaldehyde by the action of plant enzymes. Two examples are discussed at the biochemical and genetic level. Plants can detoxify airborne formaldehyde by a glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase. Recombinant expression of an Arabidopsis UDP-glucose dependent glucosyltransferase showed activity towards both endogenous and xenobiotic substrates by a single enzyme. Plants frequently do not completely degrade xenobiotics, but rather form conjugated metabolites and &quot;bound&quot; residues. However, these potential contaminants can be easily removed by harvesting. In order to exploit this enormous potential of plants, promising approaches extending their endogenous capacity have been initiated. Transgenic organisms that express heterologous enzymes in order to specifically degrade compounds or to increase the mobility and uptake of recalcitrant xenobiotics are being pursued to make phytoremediation procedures useful in practice.&quot

&szlig;-1,3-glucanase mRNA is locally, but not systemically induced in <em>Nicotiana Tabacum</em> L. cv. BEL W3 after ozone fumigation.

Ozone fumigation of tobacco caused a strong induction of basic &szlig;-1,3-glucanase mRNA. In situ hybridization revealed a uniform labeling of the whole tissue section, except for the necrotic areas. Ozone-treated leaf parts showed an increased transcript accumulation, whereas no transcripts were detectable in non-treated leaf parts. Treatment of a single leaf increased &szlig;-1,3-glucanase mRNA level only in this leaf and not in other leaves. Conversely, protection of a single leaf resulted in transcript accumulation only in the fumigated leaves. These results indicate that ozone-induced &szlig;-1,3-glucanase mRNA accumulation is restricted to the ozone-treated area, and that ozone does not lead to systemic induction of this (PR) protein