840 research outputs found
EFFECT OF STERCULIA QUADRIFIDA R. BR BARK TO IN VITRO DPPH RADICAL AND GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE ON DIABETIC WISTAR RATS
Objective: The aims of the research were to evaluate the antioxidant effect of Sterculia quadrifida R.Br bark by in vitro 1,1-biphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging method and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity on diabetic Wistar rats model.
Methods: S. quadrifida bark powder was extracted in ethanol 70% by maceration method. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extract was tested by DPPH radical scavenging method. The activity of GPx was evaluated from the liver of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The antioxidant activity was determined by measuring the absorbance using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry method.
Results: The ethanol extract of S. quadrifida bark had a strong DPPH radical scavenging activity, with the IC50 value was 4.86±0.01 ug/ml, besides that the extract also showed significantly activity of GPx (p<0.05) at a dose of 65, 130, and 260 mg/kg bw.
Conclusion: The ethanol extract of S. quadrifida bark had a potent antioxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging and GPx activity
Tender Erythematous and Necrotic Papules in a Young Pregnant Woman
Patient History & Physical: A pregnant 21-year-old African American female (G5P2, 34w2d) presented with one day of painful, red bumps of her upper and lower extremities. Associated symptoms included chills, malaise, headache, photophobia, phonophobia, and edematous arthralgias (left shoulder, left ankle). Personal and family history were negative for thromboembolic phenomena, autoimmune disorders, or coagulopathies. She denied intravenous drug use, new sexual partners, blood transfusions, sick contacts, or recent travel. Physical examination demonstrated sparse, irregularly-distributed, exquisitely tender erythematous to necrotic pinpoint papules and pustules of the abdomen and distal extremities. Vital signs were notable only for mild tachycardia.
Biopsies: Punch biopsies of lesions of the left ankle and left thigh revealed large neutrophilic aggregates surrounding dermal vessels featuring sludging and engorgement within the vessels themselves. This perivascular suppurative dermatitis was suspicious for infection. Tissue culture ultimately indicated presence of Neisseria gonorrhea.
Laboratory Data: Inpatient work-up revealed: elevated ESR (122 mm/hr), elevated CRP (8.8 mg/dL), negative CSF studies (VZV/CMV/EBV/HSV/cryptococcal antigen/bacterial culture), three negative peripheral blood cultures, negative syphilis serologies, normal WBC count, and normal transthoracic echocardiogram. Neisseria gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis rRNA (cervical swabs) were negative 10 days prior to presentation to the hospital. However, following the biopsy and tissue culture results, urine gonococcal and chlamydial rRNA were rechecked and found to be positive.
Diagnosis: Disseminated gonococcal infection (acute arthritis-dermatitis syndrome).
Clinical Course and Treatment: Patient was treated with one week of intravenous ceftriaxone and single-dose oral azithromycin for chlamydial co-infection. At 3-week outpatient follow-up, all symptoms and cutaneous findings had resolved.https://scholarlycommons.henryford.com/merf2020caserpt/1004/thumbnail.jp
Prevention of overweight and obesity in preschool children: an updated review
An increasing number of children are becoming overweight and obese. Overweight and obesity are arbitrarily defined as excess adipose tissue in the body. Although many risk factors for overweight and obesity have been identified for school-age children, less is known for preschool children. Prevention of overweight and obesity in preschool children is an international public health priority given the significant impact of obesity on acute and chronic diseases, general health, development and well-being. This review was performed to study determinants and risk factors for overweight and obesity development in early age, effectiveness of preventive strategies in preschool children and outcome measurements of intervention programme in preschool children
Notes on syphilis vaccine development
The quest for a syphilis vaccine to provide protection from infection or disease began not long after the isolation of the first Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (T. pallidum) strain in 1912. Yet, a practical and effective vaccine formulation continues to elude scientists. Over the last few years, however, efforts toward developing a syphilis vaccine have increased thanks to an improved understanding of the repertoire of T. pallidum outer membrane proteins (OMPs), which are the most likely syphilis vaccine candidates. More has been also learned about the molecular mechanisms behind pathogen persistence and immune evasion. Published vaccine formulations based on a subset of the pathogenâs OMPs have conferred only partial protection upon challenge of immunized laboratory animals, primarily rabbits. Nonetheless, those experiments have improved our approach to the choice of immunization regimens, adjuvants, and vaccine target selection, although significant knowledge gaps remain. Herein, we provide a brief overview on current technologies and approaches employed in syphilis vaccinology, and possible future directions to develop a vaccine that could be pivotal to future syphilis control and elimination initiatives
Soft Microreactors for the Deposition of Conductive Metallic Traces on Planar, Embossed, and Curved Surfaces
Advanced manufacturing strategies have enabled largeâscale, economical, and efficient production of electronic components that are an integral part of various consumer products ranging from simple toys to intricate computing systems; however, the circuitry for these components is (by and large) produced via topâdown lithography and is thus limited to planar surfaces. The present work demonstrates the use of reconfigurable soft microreactors for the patterned deposition of conductive copper traces on flat and embossed twoâdimensional (2D) substrates as well as nonplanar substrates made from different commodity plastics. Using localized, flowâassisted, lowâtemperature, electroless copper deposition, conductive metallic traces are fabricated, which, when combined with various offâtheâshelf electronic components, enabled the production of simple circuits and antennas with unique form factors. This solutionâphase approach to the patterned deposition of functional inorganic materials selectively on different polymeric components will provide relatively simple, inexpensive processing opportunities for the fabrication of 2D/nonplanar devices when compared to complicated manufacturing methods such as laserâdirected structuring. Further, this approach to the patterned metallization of different commodity plastics offers unique design opportunities applicable to the fabrication of planar and nonplanar electronic and interconnect devices, and other freeâform electronics with less structural âbloatâ and weight (by directly coating support elements with circuitry)
Analysis of spontaneously reported cutaneous adverse drug reactions in a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India
Background: Skin is the most common organ involved in adverse reactions due to drugs. With newer drugs released into market every year, there is changing pattern of the reported cutaneous adverse drug reactions (ADRs). In order to ensure safer use of medicines in patients, there is need for continuous monitoring of ADRs. This is a retrospective study to analyse spontaneously reported cutaneous ADRs.Methods: All the cutaneous ADRs reported between January 2017 and September 2018 were analysed for clinical patterns, suspected medications, causality, severity and preventability.Results: Of the 1035 reports received during the study period, 232 (22.41%) included cutaneous reactions. 113 (48.7%) were male and 119 (51.29%) were female. Maculopapular rash 70 (30.17%), pruritus 31 (13.36%), palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia 30 (12.93%), acne 19 (8.19%), urticaria 16 (6.89%) and fixed drug eruptions (FDE) 13 (5.6%) were the common clinical patterns. Antimicrobial agents followed by anticancer drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), hormones and related drugs, and antiepileptic drugs were the common suspected group of drugs. Causality assessment as done by WHO-UMC scale showed that 3 (1.29%) were certainly related, 174 (75%) were probably related and 55 (23.7%) were possibly related to the suspected medication.Conclusions: Cutaneous ADRs are most frequently reported ADRs in the present study. With newer drugs released into market, there is a need for continuous monitoring of use of drugs to promote safer use of medicines in patients
The role of smoking and body mass index in mortality risk assessment for geriatric hip fracture patients
Background Smoking, obesity, and being below a healthy body weight are known to increase all-cause mortality rates and are considered modifiable risk factors. The purpose of this study is to assess whether adding these risk factors to a validated geriatric inpatient mortality risk tool will improve the predictive capacity for hip fracture patients. We hypothesize that the predictive capacity of the Score for Trauma Triage in the Geriatric and Middle-Aged (STTGMA) tool will improve. Methodology Between October 2014 and August 2021, 2,421 patients \u3e55-years-old treated for hip fractures caused by low-energy mechanisms were analyzed for demographics, injury details, hospital quality measures, and mortality. Smoking status was recorded as a current every-day smoker, former smoker, or never smoker. Smokers (current and former) were compared to non-smokers (never smokers). Body mass index (BMI) was defined as underweight (\u3c18.5 kg/
Hospital Organization and Importance of an Interventional Radiology Inpatient Admitting Service:Italian Single-Center 3-year Experience
In June 2005 a Complex Operating Unit of
Interventional Radiology (COUIR), consisting of an outpatient
visit service, an inpatient admitting service with
four beds, and a day-hospital service with four beds was
installed at our department. Between June 2005 and May
2008, 1772 and 861 well-screened elective patients were
admitted to the inpatient ward of the COUIR and to the
Internal Medicine Unit (IMU) or Surgery Unit (SU) of our
hospital, respectively, and treated with IR procedures. For
elective patients admitted to the COUIRâs inpatient ward,
hospital stays were significantly shorter and differences
between reimbursements and costs were significantly
higher for almost all IR procedures compared to those for
patients admitted to the IMU and SU (Studentâs t-test for
unpaired data, p\0.05). The results of the 3-year activity
show that the activation of a COUIR with an inpatient
admitting service, and the better organization of the patient
pathway that came with it, evidenced more efficient use of
resources, with the possibility for the hospital to save
money and obtain positive margins (differences between
reimbursements and costs). During 3 years of activity, the
inpatient admitting service of our COUIR yielded a positive
difference between reimbursements and effective costs
of âŹ1,009,095.35. The creation of an inpatient IR service
and the admission of well-screened elective patients
allowed short hospitalization times, reduction of waiting
lists, and a positive economic outcome.
Keywords Inpatients Hospitalization Costs
Reimbursement
Prevalence of HIV, Herpes Simplex Virus-2, and Syphilis in male sex partners of pregnant women in Peru
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background:</p> <p>Sexually active heterosexual men may represent an important risk factor for HIV infection and STI transmission to their female partners and unborn children, though little is known about the prevalence of STIs in this population. We sought to determine the prevalence of HIV, herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), and syphilis infection and associated risk behaviors among male sex partners of pregnant women in Peru.</p> <p>Methods:</p> <p>Survey and seroprevalence data were collected from 1,835 male partners of pregnant women in four cities in Peru. Serum was tested for antibodies to HIV, HSV-2, and syphilis.</p> <p>Results:</p> <p>Among the 1,835 male participants, HIV prevalence was 0.8% (95% CI = 0.5â1.4%), HSV-2 16.0% (95% CI = 14.3â17.8%), and syphilis 1.6% (95% CI = 1.0â2.2%). Additionally, 11.0% reported a lifetime history of intercourse with men, and 37.1% with female sex workers. Unprotected intercourse with men during the previous year was reported by 0.9% and with female sex workers by 1.2%.</p> <p>Conclusion:</p> <p>Pregnant women's sex partners reported lifetime sexual contact with core risk groups, had an elevated prevalence of HSV-2, and demonstrated the potential to spread HIV and other STIs to their partners. Though the prevalence of HIV in the population was not significantly higher than observed in other samples of heterosexuals in Peru, the risk of HIV transmission to their female partners may be exacerbated by their increased prevalence of HSV-2 infection. Further study of heterosexual populations is necessary to fully understand the epidemiology of HIV/STIs in Latin America.</p
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