Utjecaj zamrzavanja i metoda ambalažiranja na udjel organskih kiselina kozjeg sira tijekom skladištenja

Effects of freezing and packaging methods on organic acid content of goat cheese during 12 weeks of storage were determined. Goat cheese milk curds were divided into two batches; one of the batches was directly processed in to goat cheese while the other was frozen at -18 °C and stored for six months and processed into cheese after being thawed. Cheese samples were packed in three parts and stored at 4 °C refrigerated control sample and at -18 °C for six months frozen experimental samples. Cheese samples were packed in three different packaging methods: aerobic, vacuum or modified atmosphere. Citric, malic, fumaric, acetic, lactic, pyruvic and propionic acids were analyzed using HPLC method after 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th week of storage period. Lactic acid was the main organic acids while pyruvic acid had the lowest content in all cheese samples. Citric and fumaric acid levels of frozen samples increased during storage whereas malic, acetic, pyruvic and propionic acid amounts were decreased compared to the beginning of storage. Packaging methods and freezing process also effected lactic acid levels statistically (p<0.05). Fumaric, acetic and lactic acid concentration of refrigerated samples were increased but citric, malic and propionic acids decreased during storage. Pyruvic acid level did not change significantly. It was determined that organic acid concentrations were effected by freezing process, storage time and packaging methods significantly (p<0.05).U istraživanju je utvrđen utjecaj zamrzavanja i metoda ambalažiranja na udjel organskih kiselina kozjeg sira tijekom 12 tjedana skladištenja. Gruš sira od kozjeg mlijeka bio je podijeljen u dva dijela - kao kontrolni uzorak pohranjen u hladnjaku na 4 °C i kao zamrznuti eksperimentalni uzorak na -18 °C tijekom šest mjeseci. Nakon toga, sirevi su pakirani trima različitim metodama pakiranja: aerobnom, vakuum ili modificiranom atmosferom. Citronska, jabučna, mravlja, octena, mliječna, pirogrožđana i propionska kiselina analizirane su HPLC metodom nakon 1., 3., 6., 9. i 12. tjedna razdoblja čuvanja. Mliječna kiselina bila je najvažnija organska kiselina, dok je pirogrožđana imala najniži udjel u svim uzorcima sira. Tijekom skladištenja došlo je do povećanja udjela citronske i mravlje kiseline smrznutih uzoraka, dok su udjeli jabučne, octene, pirogrožđane i propionske kiseline opadali u odnosu na početak pohrane. Metode pakiranja i proces zamrzavanja također su statistički utjecali na udjel mliječne kiseline (p<0,05). Koncentracije mravlje, octene i mliječne kiseline ohlađenih uzoraka bile su povećane, dok su citronske, jabučne i propionske kiseline opadale tijekom skladištenja. Razina pirogrožđane kiseline nije se značajno promijenila. Utvrđen je statistički značajan utjecaj procesa zamrzavanja, vremena pohrane i metoda pakiranja na koncentracije organskih kiselina (p <0,05)

A comprehensive score reflecting memory-related fMRI activations and deactivations as potential biomarker for neurocognitive aging

Older adults and particularly those at risk for developing dementia typically show a decline in episodic memory performance, which has been associated with altered memory network activity detectable via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). To quantify the degree of these alterations, a score has been developed as a putative imaging biomarker for successful aging in memory for older adults (Functional Activity Deviations during Encoding, FADE; Düzel et al., Hippocampus, 2011; 21: 803–814). Here, we introduce and validate a more comprehensive version of the FADE score, termed FADE-SAME (Similarity of Activations during Memory Encoding), which differs from the original FADE score by considering not only activations but also deactivations in fMRI contrasts of stimulus novelty and successful encoding, and by taking into account the variance of young adults' activations. We computed both scores for novelty and subsequent memory contrasts in a cohort of 217 healthy adults, including 106 young and 111 older participants, as well as a replication cohort of 117 young subjects. We further tested the stability and generalizability of both scores by controlling for different MR scanners and gender, as well as by using different data sets of young adults as reference samples. Both scores showed robust agegroup-related differences for the subsequent memory contrast, and the FADE-SAME score additionally exhibited age-group-related differences for the novelty contrast. Furthermore, both scores correlate with behavioral measures of cognitive aging, namely memory performance. Taken together, our results suggest that single-value scores of memory-related fMRI responses may constitute promising biomarkers for quantifying neurocognitive aging

Machine learning‐based classification of Alzheimer's disease and its at‐risk states using personality traits, anxiety, and depression

Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is often preceded by stages of cognitive impairment, namely subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). While cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are established predictors of AD, other non-invasive candidate predictors include personality traits, anxiety, and depression, among others. These predictors offer non-invasive assessment and exhibit changes during AD development and preclinical stages. Methods In a cross-sectional design, we comparatively evaluated the predictive value of personality traits (Big Five), geriatric anxiety and depression scores, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging activity of the default mode network, apoliprotein E (ApoE) genotype, and CSF biomarkers (tTau, pTau181, Aβ42/40 ratio) in a multi-class support vector machine classification. Participants included 189 healthy controls (HC), 338 individuals with SCD, 132 with amnestic MCI, and 74 with mild AD from the multicenter DZNE-Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study (DELCODE). Results Mean predictive accuracy across all participant groups was highest when utilizing a combination of personality, depression, and anxiety scores. HC were best predicted by a feature set comprised of depression and anxiety scores and participants with AD were best predicted by a feature set containing CSF biomarkers. Classification of participants with SCD or aMCI was near chance level for all assessed feature sets. Conclusion Our results demonstrate predictive value of personality trait and state scores for AD. Importantly, CSF biomarkers, personality, depression, anxiety, and ApoE genotype show complementary value for classification of AD and its at-risk stages

Determinants of duration of unemployment insurance benefits in Turkey

This article is the first empirical study on the duration of unemployment insurance benefits in Turkey. Turkey has adopted an unemployment insurance programme in 2000, and the first payment of the benefit was made in 2002. Thus, it is new and the first programme to partially compensate the income of workers when they are unemployed. The unemployment insurance programme has been criticized for low benefits and strict eligibility requirements. However, the number of people claiming unemployment benefit has been increasing steadily since 2002. This study provides an empirical evaluation on the determinants of duration of unemployment insurance benefits by a hazard modelling approach. We find that age, sex, marital status, significantly affect insurance duration after controlling effects of types of workplace, job types and regions.

Striae gravidarum in primigravid women: prevalence, risk factors, prevention interventions and body image

Objectives: The study was conducted to identify the striae gravidarum (SG) prevalence in primigravid women, the influencing risk factors and the preventive interventions, and also to investigate its effect on body perception. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted on 421 primigravid women who presented to a training and research hospital to have a nonstress test during routine follow-up. The data of the study were collected with the “Data Collection Form”, “Fitzpatrick Skin Type Scale”, “Davey’s Severity Score of Striae Gravidarum” and “Body Image Scale (BIS)”. Results: SG was found to be present in 67% of primigravid women. According to the results of the logistic regression analysis conducted, the presence of social security, sleep duration, BMI in pregnancy, and a history of striae in the mother and/or sister were found to be associated with SG presence (p < 0.05). A very weak positive relationship was found between SG severity in primigravidas and the score obtained from BIS (p < 0.05). The body perception of the pregnant women worsened in the presence of SG and a very weak negative relationship was found between the number of interventions used for prevention and the BIS score (p < 0.05). Conclusion: SG is seen in 7 of 10 women and affects body perception negatively. We recommend providing training and consultancy services both before and during pregnancy on the interventions and lifestyle changes required and topical preparations that can be used to prevent or decrease the severity of SG while taking the risk factors causing the problem into account. © 2019, © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

The Effect of Modified Atmosphere and Vacuum Packaging on the Physicochemical, Microbiological, Sensory and Textural Properties of Crottin de Chavignol Cheese

WOS: 000269367900004In this work, it was aimed to determine the effect of packaging technique on some quality properties of "Crottin de Chavignol" type goat cheese packaged under vacuum (VP) and modified atmosphere (MAP) (%20 CO2 + %80 N-2) during storage at + 4 degrees C and also to compare these two packaging techniques to be able determine the more suitable packaging technique for "Crottin de Chavignol" type goat cheese. Sampling was carried out for physicochemical, microbiological, sensory and textural analyses at 1(st) day, 3(rd), 6(th), 9(th), 12(th) and 15(th) weeks. Control cheeses which were packaged under atmospheric air were unacceptable sensorially at 3(rd) week due to their visible mould growth. Both modified atmosphere and vacuum packaging had favourable effects on physicochemical properties, microbiological properties, color, sensory attributes of Crottin de Chavignol type goat cheese to longer the shelf life of cheese. According to the results of our study, at 15(th) weeks mould growth increased to 2.3 log cfu/g and 3.8 log cfu/g at MAP and NIP cheese samples respectively whereas the mould growth was > 1 log cfu/g at 1.day of storage. And the taste scores of VP cheese samples were below acceptability limit at 15(th) weeks because of formation of oxidized flavour. The packaging type whether MAP or VP didn't significantly affected the pH, dry matter, color and textural properties except hardness, chewiness and gumminess. Hardness, chewiness and gumminess values of VP cheeses were higher than MAP cheese samples