Rancangan Model Unit Pelayana Terpadu Satu Atap Bidang Perlindungan Sosial Bagi Kelompok Miskin (suatu Studi di Kecamatan Kedamean, Gresik)

Latar belakang masalah dari penelitian ini antara lain besarnya jumlah penduduk miskin di kecamatan Kedamean Gresik yaitu sejumlah 24.710 orang atau 41,57 persen), kemudian banyak program yang di berbagai sektor berjalan tanpa adanya integrasi dan sinergi, banyak program yang tumpang tindih dan terfragmentasi (terpecah), adapun tujuan penelitian yaitu Mengkaji pelaksanaan program perlindungan sosial bagi kelompok miskin di Kedamean dan Menganalisa efektifitas pelaksanaannya, Mengidentifikasi faktor internal dan eksternal yang memberikan pengaruh pada rancangan model unit pelayanan terpadu satu atap bidang sosial bagi kelompok miskin dan merancang modelnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus, data dicari melalui wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Selanjutnya diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat) dan teori Pemberdayaan oleh Edi Suharto, dengan menggunakan purposive sampling dalam menentukan informan. Berbagai program perlindungan sosial telah dilaksanakan oleh pemerintah dalam rangka menanggulangi kemiskinan di kecamatan Kedamean, meskipun demikian terdapat kesenjangan sosial dimana cakupan program sosial tidak sebanding dengan besarnya kelompok miskin di Kedamean. Berdasarkan analisa efektifitas, program perlindungan sosial yang berjalan di Kedamean, bersifat lintas sektoral dan terdapat ketidakefektifan (sasaran program belum merata; pelaksanaan program sektoral dan parsial, salah sasaran dalam pelaksanaan program dan pelaksanaan program yang tidak komprehensif). Desain pelayanan satu atap yang terintegrasi, didesain untuk mengembangkan potensi dan memperkuat kapasitas kelompok masyarakat miskin. Adapun komponen dari “Unit Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Atap” ini antara lain Pusat Basis Data Terpadu (termasuk identifikasi dan analisis penerima target bantuan sosial), Pusat Koordinasi dan Pelayanan Kelompok Miskin, Sistem Pendukung, Monitoring dan Evaluasi dan fungsi Pemberdayaan berbasis Kapasitas maupun Teknik

Manyama Braya in Banjar Angansari, Bali in Foucault’s Genealogy Perspective

Religious conflict in Indonesia has been escalated since the fall of Suharto from the presidency in 1998. However, there is still a harmonious life among different religious such as in Banjar Angansari, a small village in Bali, which inhabited by Moslem and Hindus. This phenomenon caused by their local wisdom called “manyama braya”which means "good neighborliness". Local wisdom in this research means local values that inherited by the local community which become guidelines to live together. There are lots of studies about manyama braya, nevertheless no one study about the history of this local wisdom in a particular area, such as Banjar Angansari, yet. Banjar Angansari is a traditional society that embraced Hinduism and Islam. This study aimed to explore the history of manyama braya in Banjar Angansari and its function for the harmony of society. This study is qualitative research using Foulcault’s’s genealogy approach. We collected the data trough deep observation in people’s life in Banjar Angansari. We also collected the data from documents, such as ancient inscription, and interviewed numerous local people including the Moslems as well as the Hindus. There are several results of this study. Firstly, the manyama braya has been existed in Banjar Angansari long before they embraced Hinduism and Islam. The Sukawana Inscription (882 AD) proved that there was a harmonious live between Hindus and those who believed in Shiva Budha, long before Islam religion started to come in this region in 1982. Therefore, there’s a continuity of history because Banjar Angansari’s people can preserve the harmonious live between different religions up to now. Secondly, there is a discontinuity of history of Banjar Angansari. The discontinuity due to the difference of religious ideology across the time from animism and dynamism, Hinduism, and Islam. Therefore, it is hoped that this research can be seen as an attempt to reconstruct Foucault’s genealogy especially about the discontinuity in history

Bimodality In Interim Reports: An Analysts' View

Cumulative abnormal residuals (cars) show how markets adjust to published information. Theoretically, cars are assumed to display unit normal behavior.  Despite its merits, car has proved to be a somewhat imprecise measure of market response to published information.  In practice, cars exhibit considerable deviation from theoretical unit normal behavior. Three disparities between theory and practice can be pinpointed.  These are car: (1) location, (2) shape, and (3) stability.  In our previous work we have demonstrated that cars are often bimodally distributed.  This finding shows one reason why it takes semistrong efficient markets some time to digest new information. Cars, for the time period during which markets analyze the new value determining data, are usually bimodally distributed. One mode of the distribution represents the impact of good news. The other peak is caused by bad news.  The valley, between the two peaks, indicates the influence of neutral news.  This paper analyzes the interim reports, which constitute the data for our previous related studies. This research identifies the type of new information that creates bimodal cars

Clinico-radiological criteria versus GeneXpert for diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis

Background: Diagnosing tuberculosis in children remains a challenge especially in low-income countries. The aim of this study was to assess the performance of the scoring system combined to chest x-ray images compared to GeneXpert for diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis.Methods: A retrospective diagnostic accuracy study was carried out on hospitalized children aged 0 to 14 years old, tuberculosis suspect in the pediatric department of the Tsaralalana mother child university hospital center from August 2018 to June 2020.Results: Fifty-one medical files were retained. The mean age was 4±2 years old with a sex ratio of 1.55. The reason for consultation was dominated by respiratory signs (56.9%). The GeneXpert was positive in 58.9% of cases. The chest X-ray images were pathological in all cases, dominated by images of condensation or infiltration (72.5%). WHO score was positive (≥7) in 72.5% of cases. The clinico-radiological criteria had a sensitivity of 13.3-63.3%, a specificity of 61.9-95.2%, positive predictive values of 1.5-6.9% and negative predictive values of 98.8-99.3%.Conclusion: Clinico-radiological criteria could be useful in individual diagnosis of pediatric tuberculosis

Arthroscopic Coracoclavicular Ligament Reconstruction Using Graft Augmentation and Titanium Implants

Several techniques have been introduced to treat acromioclavicular separation with coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction using graft augmentation. A modified arthroscopic technique for coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction was used based on a previous technique where the supportive device and tendon graft share the clavicular and coracoid drill holes. A notable problem with the previous technique was large protruding suture knots on the washer and clavicle, which could predispose to wound infection. In this modified technique, titanium implants were introduced. The implants hid the suture knot on the clavicle, and less foreign material was needed between the clavicular and coracoid implants.</p

Dynamics of market correlations: Taxonomy and portfolio analysis

The time dependence of the recently introduced minimum spanning tree description of correlations between stocks, called the ``asset tree'' have been studied to reflect the economic taxonomy. The nodes of the tree are identified with stocks and the distance between them is a unique function of the corresponding element of the correlation matrix. By using the concept of a central vertex, chosen as the most strongly connected node of the tree, an important characteristic is defined by the mean occupation layer (MOL). During crashes the strong global correlation in the market manifests itself by a low value of MOL. The tree seems to have a scale free structure where the scaling exponent of the degree distribution is different for `business as usual' and `crash' periods. The basic structure of the tree topology is very robust with respect to time. We also point out that the diversification aspect of portfolio optimization results in the fact that the assets of the classic Markowitz portfolio are always located on the outer leaves of the tree. Technical aspects like the window size dependence of the investigated quantities are also discussed.Comment: 13 pages including 12 figures. Uses REVTe

Th1 Disabled Function in Response to TLR4 Stimulation of Monocyte-Derived DC from Patients Chronically-Infected by Hepatitis C Virus

Background: Lack of protective antibodies and inefficient cytotoxic responses are characteristics of chronic hepatitis C infection. A defect in dendritic cell (DC) function has thus been suspected, but this remains a controversial issue. Methods and Findings: Here we show that monocyte-derived DC (MoDC) from chronically-infected patients can mature in response to TLR1/2, TLR2/6 or TLR3 ligands. In contrast, when stimulated with the TLR4 ligand LPS, MoDC from patients show a profound defect in inducing IFNc secretion by allogeneic T cells. This defect is not due to defective phenotypic maturation or to the presence of HCV-RNA in DC or monocytes but is correlated to reduced IL-12 secretion by DC. Restoration of DC ability to stimulate IFNc secretion can be obtained by blocking MEK activation in DC, indicating that MEK/ ERK pathway is involved in the Th1 defect of MoDC. Monocytes from HCV patients present increased spontaneous secretion of cytokines and chemokines, especially MIP-1b. Addition of MIP-1b on healthy monocytes during differentiation results in DC that have Th1 defect characteristic of MoDC from HCV patients, suggesting that MIP-1b secretion by HCV monocytes participates in the Th1 defect of DC. Conclusions: Our data indicate that monocytes from HCV patients are activated in vivo. This interferes with their differentiation into DC, leading to deficient TLR4 signaling in these cells that are enable to induce a Th1 response. Thi

Innate Immune Function in Placenta and Cord Blood of Hepatitis C – Seropositive Mother-Infant Dyads

Vertical transmission accounts for the majority of pediatric cases of hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection. In contrast to the adult population who develop persistent viremia in ∼80% of cases following exposure, the rate of mother-to-child transmission (2–6%) is strikingly low. Protection from vertical transmission likely requires the coordination of multiple components of the immune system. Placenta and decidua provide a direct connection between mother and infant. We hypothesized that innate immune responses would differ across the three compartments (decidua, placenta and cord blood) and that hepatitis C exposure would modify innate immunity in these tissues. The study was comprised of HCV-infected and healthy control mother and infant pairs from whom cord blood, placenta and decidua were collected with isolation of mononuclear cells. Multiparameter flow cytometry was performed to assess the phenotype, intracellular cytokine production and cytotoxicity of the cells. In keeping with a model where the maternal-fetal interface provides antiviral protection, we found a gradient in proportional frequencies of NKT and γδ-T cells being higher in placenta than cord blood. Cytotoxicity of NK and NKT cells was enhanced in placenta and placental NKT cytotoxicity was further increased by HCV infection. HCV exposure had multiple effects on innate cells including a decrease in activation markers (CD69, TRAIL and NKp44) on NK cells and a decrease in plasmacytoid dendritic cells in both placenta and cord blood of exposed infants. In summary, the placenta represents an active innate immunological organ that provides antiviral protection against HCV transmission in the majority of cases; the increased incidence in preterm labor previously described in HCV-seropositive mothers may be related to enhanced cytotoxicity of NKT cells

Different mechanisms are involved in apoptosis induced by melanoma gangliosides on human monocyte-derived dendritic cells

Tumor escape is linked to multiple mechanisms, notably the liberation, by tumor cells, of soluble factors that inhibit the function of dendritic cells (DC). We have shown that melanoma gangliosides impair DC differentiation and induce their apoptosis. The present study was aimed to give insight into the mechanisms involved. DC apoptosis was independent of the catabolism of gangliosides since lactosylceramide did not induce cell death. Apoptosis induced by GM3 and GD3 gangliosides was not blocked by inhibitors of de novo ceramide biosynthesis, whereas the acid sphingomyelinase inhibitor desipramine only prevented apoptosis induced by GM3. Furthermore, our results suggest that DC apoptosis was triggered via caspase activation, and it was ROS dependent with GD3 ganglioside, suggesting that GM3 and GD3 induced apoptosis through different mechanisms