Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Studies of Mn (II) , Fe (II) , Co(II) , Ni(II), Cu (II) and Cd(II) Mixed- Ligand Complexes Containing Amino Acid ( L-Valine) And (1,10- phenanthroline)

A new six mixed Ligand complexes of some transition metal ions Mn (II) , Fe (II) , Co(II) , Ni(II), Cu(II)and non transition metal ion Cd(II)) with L-valine (Val H ) as a primary Ligand and 1,10-phenanthroline(phen) as a secondary Ligands have been prepared. All the prepared complexes have been characterized bymolar conductance, magnetic susceptibility infrared ,electronic spectral and AAA . The complexes with theformulas [M(Val)2(phen)] , M= Mn (II) , Fe (II) , Co(II) , Ni(II), Cu (II) ,and Cd(II) , L- Val H=(C5H11NO2) ,(C12H8N2) =(phen)Key words: Amino Acid,( L-valine), 1,10-Phenanthroline, mixed ligand complexes, Antibacterial activities,spectral studie

Load Frequency Control for Hydropower Plants using PID Controller

Many development republics began to get rid of conventional energy and towards to use renewable energy like hydropower system, solar cells and wind turbines as soon as possible. Load Frequency Control (LFC) problem is coming to be the main topics for mentioning schemes due to not corresponding between main power system inputs such as change load demand and change in speed turbine settings. This paper illustrates a selftuning control of hydropower system that suggested and confirmed under Automatic Generation Control (AGC) in power scheme. The suggested power system involves one single area. The suggested self-tuning control system is employed in performing the automatic generation control for load frequency control request and compared it with conventional control structure. The power system dynamic modeling has regularly built in several essential parameters which have a significant influence According to frequency limitation. The main problem with all controllers is an exaggerated reaction to minor errors, producing the system to oscillate. The output response results for hydropower system obviously proved the benefit of using maximum load demand by tuning PID controller. Whereas, tuning PID controller has got properly more rapid output response and minimal overshoot

Load Frequency Control for Hydropower Plants using PID Controller

Many development republics began to get rid of conventional energy and towards to use renewable energy like hydropower system, solar cells and wind turbines as soon as possible. Load Frequency Control (LFC) problem is coming to be the main topics for mentioning schemes due to not corresponding between main power system inputs such as change load demand and change in speed turbine settings. This paper illustrates a selftuning control of hydropower system that suggested and confirmed under Automatic Generation Control (AGC) in power scheme. The suggested power system involves one single area. The suggested self-tuning control system is employed in performing the automatic generation control for load frequency control request and compared it with conventional control structure. The power system dynamic modeling has regularly built in several essential parameters which have a significant influence According to frequency limitation. The main problem with all controllers is an exaggerated reaction to minor errors, producing the system to oscillate. The output response results for hydropower system obviously proved the benefit of using maximum load demand by tuning PID controller. Whereas, tuning PID controller has got properly more rapid output response and minimal overshoot

Optimum Power Production of Small Hydropower Plant (SHP) Using Firefly Algorithm (FA) in Himreen Lake Dam (HLD), Eastern Iraq

In developing countries, the amount of electrical power production is lower than the request of power or load. Therefore, sustaining the stability of optimum power production system becomes a problem. Sometimes, the development of the correct quantity of load demand is necessary in order to keep the system of power production steady. Thus, the addition of Kaplan turbine into Small Hydropower Plant (SHP) is verified to explore its applicability. This study focuses on the improvement of optimization model by applying particle swarm optimization and firefly algorithm methods in order to get a stable power production utility at its maximum level. Furthermore, it investigates on the minimization of utility loss in power production from the hydropower system, which is done by optimizing the variables of operation control in the hydropower plant at Lake Himreen - Diyala Dam. The variables mentioned are net turbine head, rate of water flow and power production which had been gathered in the data during a research throughout a 10-year period. Moreover, this study investigates the uncertainties of input and output operation of small hydropower plant, the designing of the entire 3570 experiments, and the data collected from the observation on the performance of the nonlinear plant model. The results obtained from these two methods, namely Firefly Algorithm (FA) and Particle Swarm Optimization, (PSO) are compared. The inferences for general comparisons are created through several behavior indicators. The behavior indicators illustrate that FA’s performance is better than PSO’s performance, in some fields. At the end, the results show the strength of FA, as well as its efficiency and superiority

Priority of Kaplan Turbine and Small Hydropower Plants Over Other Resources: An Overview

Many developed countries gradually begin to dispense traditional energy origins plants that built on oil, coal usual gas owing to oil prices increment, fossil fuel cost, thermal pollution, and the crisis of worldwide energy. Large hydropower plants (LHP) and Mini (MHP) are less feasible than a small hydropower plant (SHP). Up to now, the Mechanism of appropriated turbine selection for a specific purpose is undefined obviously. Classification of hydropower schemes generally depends on the capacity of production. An installed plant capacity of up to 25 MW is regarded as an SHP. The capability of the SHP and future production and its economic operating option like run-of-river and clean development mechanism (CDM) making it's desirable. Moreover, in order to achieve dependable and reasonable production. Turbines classification divided according to turbines' net head and flow water rate. In this article, we provide analyzing and surveying on categories of the hydropower plant to show characteristics of each one, different SHP technology, properties for appropriated turbine and evaluate the economic potential of the feasible power plant

Evaluation of the knowledge toward communicable diseases prevention among health workers at In Al-Sadr Medical City in Najaf Governorate\ Iraq

Communicable diseases represent a severe burden on human life, so control and prevention are essential to maintaining the sustainability of life. Health workers are the first line of defense against these diseases. Poor knowledge and wrong attitudes of health workers can negatively affect efforts to combat infection.The study aims to evaluate the knowledge levels among health workers toward communicable diseases. Also, determine the relationship between dependent and independent variables with participants' levels of knowledge. A cross-sectional analytical study in Al-Sadr Medical City, Najaf Governorate, from mid-November 2021 to the end of June 2022. On 384 health workers who were using a randomly collected self-questionnaire, the data was collected and analyzed using a statistical program. The main results indicate that (66.1%) of the participants are females, the majority of the age group (20-26) years, half of them are married and hold a bachelor's degree, (66.4%) have less than five years of experience, and (35.9%) receive a training course, In terms of profession, (27.3)% were nurses. The results show that (57.2%) had good overall knowledge. it was found that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and training sessions, as for other socio-demographic characteristics, there is no significant association with both knowledge.&nbsp

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Malva parviflora Extract and Effect on Ecto-5'- Nucleotidase(5'-NT), ADA and AMPDA Enzymes in Sera of Patients with Arthrosclerosis

The present research included synthesis of silver nanoparticle from(1*10-3,1*10-4 and1*10-5) M aqueous AgNO3 solution through the extract of M.parviflora reducing agent. In the process of synthesizing silver nanoparticles we detected a rapid reduction of silver ions leading to the formation of stable crystalline silver nanoparticles in the solution. The characteristics of silver nanoparticles were studied by using UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy, and atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis. The AFM measurements showed that the average size of silver nanoparticles synthesized using (1*10-3,1*10-4 and1*10-5) M aqueous AgNO3 solution through the extract of M.parviflora were 102 to 114nm. UV-Vis spectra of the aqueous medium containing silver nanoparticles showed a surface peak at 220nm and 445nm for (1*10-3,1*10-4 and1*10-5) M aqueous AgNO3 solution through the extract of M.parviflora. The study of nanoparticles due to the possible application for the development of new technologies such as exhibited inhibitory effects on Ecto-5'- Nucleotidase (5'-NT), ADA and AMPDA enzymes in Sera of control and Patients with Arthrosclerosis. Further studies on other biological activities are required to exploit their full potentia