Translation of Musaev, M. A., A. M. Surkova, Ya. Ya. Elchiev, and F. K. Alieva. 1966. A new species of coccidium of the genus \u3ci\u3eEimeria\u3c/i\u3e from the domestic duck, \u3ci\u3eAnas domestica\u3c/i\u3e [= Novyi vid koktsidii iz roda \u3ci\u3eEimeria\u3c/i\u3e ot domasnie utki, \u3ci\u3eAnas domestica\u3c/i\u3e. \u3ci\u3eIzvest. Akademie Nauk Azerbaid. SSR\u3c/i\u3e, Otdel. Ottisk, Baku, USSR 1966(3): 34-36

Translation number 17, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States, October 13, 1969 (5 pages) Translation of Musaev, M. A., A. M. Surkova, Ya. Ya. Elchiev, and F. K. Alieva. 1966. A new species of coccidium of the genus Eimeria from the domestic duck, Anas domestica [= Novyi vid koktsidii iz roda Eimeria ot domasnie utki, Anas domestica. Izvest. Akademie Nauk Azerbaid. SSR, Otdel. Ottisk, Baku, USSR 1966(3): 34-36 Translation from Russian to English by Frederick K. Plous, Jr., and edited by Norman D. Levine (notated NDL:cml

Renalase – a new instrument in multicomponent heart failure assessment

Heart failure (HF) remains a serious problem in Russian and world health care due to the growing morbidity and mortality from complications of heart failure, despite the development and implementation of programs for the early detection and treatment of heart failure in asymptomatic patients. Currently, a large number of new biological markers have been studied that could serve as a laboratory tool for diagnosing and predicting the course of heart failure, but only brain natriuretic peptides have found application in real clinical practice. Renalase is a recently discovered cytokine that is synthesized by the kidneys and released into the blood. To date, seven subtypes of renalase have been found, each of which plays a different physiological role in the human body. Renalase is usually positioned as a signaling molecule that activates cytoprotective intracellular signals, leading to a decrease in blood pressure and protection of the heart muscle. The concentration of renalase freely circulating in the bloodstream of an adult is approximately 3–5 ng / ml. Currently, the level of renalase is determined by the enzyme immunoassay with a detection range of 3.12 to 200 ng / ml, while the minimum detectable concentration of the marker is less than 1.38 ng / ml. The presence of missense polymorphism of renalase is associated with myocardial dysfunction. Data from animal and human studies have shown that renalase plays a key role in the metabolism of catecholamines and in cardioprotective processes. Studies have shown the contribution of renalase to the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases: ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and aortic stenosis. Moreover, detailed protocols of multicenter prospective studies have demonstrated that functional polymorphism of the renalase gene was associated with myocardial hypertrophy in patients with aortic stenosis, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, unstable angina pectoris and stable forms of coronary artery disease, as well as in patients receiving renal replacement therapy. Based on these data and further studies, renalase has been proposed as a predictive biomarker of ischemia in patients with coronary microvascular dysfunction, as well as a predictor of clinically significant progression of chronic kidney disease in patients with cardiovascular diseases.Our review presents data on the role of renalase in heart failure. Further study of the structure and function of renalase, as well as future clinical studies, will allow determining the diagnostic, prognostic and, possibly, therapeutic significance of this biological marker in HF and other cardiovascular diseases

Программа льготного лекарственного обеспечения больных бронхиальной астмой в Республике Дагестан

The aim of this study was to analyze preferential drug provision (PDP) of asthma patients in Dagestan Republic in 2006. This analysis was performed using a personified database of the preferential drug provision. We studied spectrum of administered antiasthmatic therapy. Results revealed that salmeterol / fluticasone propionate and budesonide / formoterol take the most portion of the PDP cost.Цель данного исследования – анализ терапии больных бронхиальной астмой (БА), получивших дополнительное лекарственное обеспечение (ДЛО), в Республике Дагестан в 2006 г. Проанализированы данные, полученные при изучении рецептурных назначений за 2006 г. в Республике Дагестан по персонифицированной базе данных. Изучена структура потребляемых антиастматических препаратов. Наибольшая доля средств, расходуемых на ДЛО больных БА в Республике Дагестан, приходится на комбинированные базисные препараты

Molecular markers of acute intestinal infections in HIV-infected patients in the Chechen Republic

Introduction. Diarrheal syndrome is the most characteristic symptom of HIV infection, which occurs in 70% of patients and is often fatal. The severity of diarrheal syndrome, irrespective of immune status, is usually determined by specific microorganisms colonising the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of classical pathogens of acute intestinal infections in diarrheal syndrome in HIV-infected residents of the Chechen Republic (Grozny). Materials and methods. Stool samples (n = 191) of HIV-infected patients with a history of diarrheal syndrome were studied by real-time PCR with two kits of reagents: "AmpliSens OKI screen-FL" for the detection of DNA/RNA of Shigella spp./EIEC, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Adenovirus, Rotavirus, Norovirus and Astrovirus; "AmpliSens Escherichiosis-FL" for the detection of diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) DNA of five pathogroups: EPEC, EHEC, ETEC, EIEC, EAgEC. Results. Genetic markers of the acute intestinal infection pathogens were detected in 20.9% of the examined individuals. In patients aged 0–7 years and 18–24 years, DNA/RNA of the tested pathogens were not detected. DNA of bacterial pathogens accounted for 93.9%, RNA of viral pathogens — 6.1%. The etiological structure of bacterial infections was represented by a significant predominance of DEC (84.8%) compared to 10.9% of Campylobacter spp. and 4.4% of Salmonella spp. The structure of viral infections included 66.7% Rotavirus and 33.3% Norovirus. Genetic markers of Adenovirus and Astrovirus have not been identified. In 77.5% of HIV-infected patients, diarrheal syndrome was caused by one pathogen (mono-infection), but in nine examined patients (22.5%) it had a combined etiology. Conclusion. The etiology of acute intestinal infections in HIV-infected patients of the Chechen Republic includes bacterial and viral pathogens, in every fifth the cause of diarrheal disease was DEC. Due to diarrhea in HIV-infected people being a polyetiological disease, it is necessary to introduce a comprehensive, fast, reliable, and affordable method for identifying a wide range of pathogens that cause secondary infections

Совершенствование методов реабилитации больных бронхиальной астмой на амбулаторном этапе лечения

Investigation of efficacy of various rehabilitation methods in patients with asthma was performed. We observed 165 patients divided into 3 groups. All of them received the basic therapy for asthma. Each group included the study subgroup (40 patients) and the placebo subgroup (15 patients). The 1st study subgroup patients received 250 μg of nebulized ipratropium bromide and 500 μg of phenoterol hydrobromide followed by 22.5 mg of nebulized ambroxol; inhalations of 0.9 % saline solution were as placebo. The 2nd study subgroup patients were treated with acupuncture; and placebo patients received spontaneous pricks of the skin. The 3rd group was treated with willed limitation of deep breathing (WLDB) by K.Buteyko's method and placebo physiotherapy. We noted qualitative changes in clinical course of the disease, significant reduction of drug therapy and improvement in all lung function parameters in the 1st group patients. In the 2nd and the 3rd groups, some patients reported improvement in their health status, reduction in dyspnea and in need in bronchodilators. However, analysis of their peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and lung function parameters did not show statistically significant improvement compared to placebo.Проведено исследование эффективности различных методов реабилитации больных бронхиальной астмой (БА). Обследовано 165 больных БА. Средний возраст больных составил 46,2 ± 3,7 лет. Пациенты были распределены на 3 группы. Первая группа получала небулайзерную терапию с ипратропиума бромидом (250 мкг) и фенотерола гидробромидом (500 мкг), а затем амброксолом в дозе 22,5 мг. Плацебо-ингаляции проводили с использованием 0,9%-ного раствора натрия хлорида. Второй группе были назначены сеансы иглорефлексотерапии, плацебо-контроль осуществляли посредством произвольного укалывания точек. Третья группа занималась волевой ликвидацией глубокого дыхания (ВЛГД) по методу К.П.Бутейко и плацебо-дыхательной гимнастикой. Для больных, прошедших реабилитацию методом небулайзерной терапии, было характерно качественное изменение клинической картины заболевания, значительное сокращение объема терапии и достоверное улучшение всех показателей ФВД. Во 2-й и 3-й группах некоторые пациенты отмечали улучшение общего самочувствия, уменьшение ошущения одышки, некоторое снижение потребности в бронхолитиках. При анализе суточных показателей ПСВ и ФВД статистически достоверное улучшение по сравнение с плацебо не наблюдалось

Web Based Postgraduate Thesis/Dessertation System - A Prototype

With the advancement of information communication technology in Malaysia, education field should take advantage to upgrade their learning and management techniques. Students should be allowed to learn anytime, anywhere and at their own place. However administration and lecture should be able to manage their work more effective and flexible. The web-based system is effective way to learning and managing education works. This report outlines the development of a web-based postgraduate thesis/dissertation management system (WPTS), which aimed to assist thesis/dissertation administration, supervisor and students in the better integration during students doing the thesis/dissertation works. This prototype system base on case study with a group of MSC(IT), administration, lecturer and students who participate in thesis/dissertation management activities. This report also presenting the tests conducted with users, it also contributed some perspective regarding benefits that gain by administration, supervisor and students, and recommends future application of the approach

Prevention of Cardioembolic Complications in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Efficacy and Safety of Left Atrial Appendage Isolation and Oral Anticoagulants

Aim. To study the outcomes frequency and structure in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) depending on the cardioembolic events preventing method: left atrial appendage (LAA) isolation, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) or warfarin.Material and methods. A prospective observational study included patients with AF and high risk of cardioembolic complications and without contraindications to anticoagulants. Patients who refused long-term oral anticoagulants taking underwent LAA isolation, the rest of the patients received DOACs or warfarin. The observation period was 3 years. Mortality, cardioembolic complications and major bleeding (according to GARFIELD criteria) cumulative incidence was assessed.Results. We included 245 patients: 46 patients were treated with LAA isolation, 100 with warfarin, and 99 with DOACs. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant advantage of LAA occluder in terms of combined endpoint achieving frequency compared to warfarin (hazard ratio [HR] 3.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-9.54; p=0.049), and to DOACs (HR 3.44, 95% CI 1.15-10.29; p=0.027). A similar result was obtained for all-cause mortality (HR 5.24; 95% CI 1.12-24.55; p=0.036 and HR 5.58; 95% CI 1.22-25.49; p=0.027, respectively). There were no significant differences in bleeding rates between the groups.Conclusion. This observational study demonstrates the superiority of LAA isolation as a first-line therapy over DOACs and warfarin in patients with AF and high risk of cardioembolic complications. Randomized trials are required to confirm these observations

Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is a promising biological marker of heart failure

Introduction. Currently, the search and study of new biological markers that can help early diagnosis of heart failure, serve as a laboratory tool for assessing the effectiveness of therapy, be a predictive marker of possible adverse clinical outcomes and a significant criterion for risk stratification is very relevant. While cardiospecific markers, including natriuretic peptides, their precursors, and highly sensitive troponins, are widely used in clinical practice, the need to use other markers does not have sufficient evidence. aspect of a biological marker of heart failure.Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is an enzyme localized on the outer side of cell membranes and involved in the metabolism of glutathione and cysteine. This enzyme is a dimeric glycoprotein (68 kDa), consisting of 2 subunits – a large and a small (46 and 22 kDa). Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase is encoded by a multigene family consisting of at least 7 different genes located on chromosome 22; however, only 1 of these genes is involved in the formation of a functional enzyme. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase was found in all cells except erythrocytes. There is a significant variability in enzyme activity, which is especially high in tissues with a secretory and absorptive function, such as the kidneys, biliary tract, intestines, and epididymis.Purpose of the review is to present an overview of current publications devoted to the study of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in the aspect of a biological marker of heart failure.Materials and methods. The analysis of literature sources (foreign and domestic articles) was carried out in the databases: PubMed, RSCI, MedLine, Google Scholar, Science Direct. The search was performed according to the following keywords: biological markers, heart failure, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, biological markers, heart failure, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase.Results. In addition to its clinical use as a test for liver disease, biliary tract disease, and alcohol abuse, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase is of great interest because of its association with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. In the literature available to us, we found a small number of works devoted to the study of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in patients with heart failure. In the review, we have presented data from experimental and clinical studies indicating a clear link between γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and heart failure. The pathogenetic mechanism of the possible relationship between γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and heart failure is not completely clear. The localization of this enzyme in tissues with a transport function has led to the assumption that it is involved in the transport of amino acids through the γ-glutamyl cycle.Conclusion. Further deeper understanding of the structure and function of the enzyme is needed, as well as future clinical studies to determine the diagnostic, prognostic and possibly therapeutic significance of this biological marker

Cerebral venous thrombosis and ischemic stroke with hormonal contraception

Detailed study of risk factors for the development of acute cerebral disorders blood circulation in young people and a description of the clinical case of cerebral venous thrombosis with the occurrence of ischemic stroke in both hemispheres of the brain in a woman of childbearing age while taking the drug combined oral contraceptives. An analysis of one clinical case, which was carried out on the basis of a thorough and painstaking identification of anamnestic data and interpretation of the results of a comprehensive clinical, laboratory and instrumental examination conducted by different specialists – obstetrician / gynecologist, neurologist and therapist. A clinical case of cerebral venous thrombosis is presented in a 31-year-old patient who developed on the background of hormonal contraception, and then entailed the occurrence of an acute ischemic stroke. In women of childbearing age, an increased risk of stroke as a result of cerebral venous thrombosis is associated with the development of prothrombotic conditions caused by the use of combined oral contraceptive pills. Maintaining patients of fertile age by an obstetrician / gynecologist requires interdisciplinary counseling, as well as the selection of alternative methods of contraception.Цель исследования – подробное исследование факторов риска развития острых нарушений церебрального кровообращения у молодых людей и описание клинического случая церебрального венозного тромбоза с возникновением инфаркта в обоих полушариях головного мозга у женщины детородного возраста на фоне приема лекарственного препарата комбинированных оральных контрацептивов. Приведен анализ клинического случая, который был осуществлен на основании выявления анамнестических данных и интерпретации результатов комплексного клинического, лабораторного и инструментального обследования, проведенного специалистами разного профиля – акушером-гинекологом, неврологом и терапевтом. Представлен клинический случай церебрального венозного тромбоза у пациентки 31 года, который развился на фоне проведения гормональной контрацепции, а затем повлек за собой возникновение острого нарушения мозгового кровообращения по ишемическому типу. У женщин детородного возраста повышенный риск развития инсульта как следствия церебрального венозного тромбоза связан с развитием протромботических состояний, обусловленных приемом препаратов комбинированных оральных контрацептивов. Ведение пациенток фертильного возраста акушером-гинекологом требует междисциплинарного консультирования, а также подбора альтернативных методов контрацепции