Gérmen integral de milho extra gordo em dieta para vacas em lactação.

Objetivou-se investigar os efeitos do gérmen integral de milho extra gordo (GIMEX) sobre o consumo e digestiblidade dos nutrientes, balanço e eficiência de utilização de nitrogênio (N), metabólitos sanguíneos, produção de proteína microbiana, produção e composição do leite, perfil de ácidos graxos (AG) da gordura do leite de vacas em lactação. Dez vacas da raça Holandês com 90 ± 10 dias de lactação e produção de 24,2 ± 3,5 kg de leite/dia foram distribuídas em tratamentos dietéticos que consistiram de níveis crescentes de GIMEX (0; 4; 8; 12 e 16%) com base na matéria seca (MS) em um delineamento Quadrado Latino 5 x 5 replicado com períodos de 21 dias. Todas as dietas continham proporções semelhantes de palma forrageira (Opuntia stricta [Haw]. Haw), cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L) e concentrado (34:32:34, respectivamente), mas o fubá de milho foi gradualmente substituído (0; 25; 50; 75 e 100%) pelo GIMEX no concentrado. Com exceção do consumo de EE, que aumentou linearmente, os consumos de todos os nutrientes decresceram linearmente com a inclusão de GIMEX. A digestibilidade da MS, MO e FDN reduziu, enquanto a do EE aumentou linearmente com a inclusão do GIMEX. A inclusão do GIMEX diminuiu o consumo de N e a excreção diária de N na urina e nas fezes, enquanto a eficiência de utilização do N aumentou linearmente. A excreção máxima de N foi estimada em 130 g/dia com 7,15% de inclusão do GIMEX. A produção de leite variou de forma quadrática, com maior produção de leite estimada em 25,4 kg/dia com 7,6% de inclusão do GIMEX. Por outro lado, a produção de leite corrigida para gordura (PLC) reduziu linearmente com a inclusão do GIMEX. A concentração de gordura e sólidos totais diminuíram linearmente, enquanto as concentrações de proteína e lactose do leite não foram alteradas com a inclusão GIMEX. Os níveis de colesterol sérico aumentaram linearmente (756 a 1,480 mg/L) com a inclusão de GIMEX. Com exceção dos isômeros trans-16:1, as proporções de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta e média na gordura do leite diminuíram de forma linear, ou apresentaram comportamento quadrático com a inclusão do GIMEX, enquanto o oposto foi observado para os isômeros 18:0 e de 18:1/18:2, incluindo aqueles com ligações duplas conjugadas. Ocorreu uma mudança de trans-11 para trans-10 (aumento linear) com a inclusão do GIMEX, resultando em um comportamento quadrático nas concentrações de trans-11 18:1 (máximo de 2,51g/100g de AG total, estimado com 9,17% de GIMEX) e cis-9, trans-11 CLA (máximo de 1,31g/100g de AG total, estimado com 8,88% de GIMEX) e aumento linear em trans-10 18:1, trans-10, cis-12 CLA e trans-9, cis-11 CLA. O GIMEX pode ser considerado como uma alternativa aos óleos vegetais em programas de alimentação destinados à produção de leite enriquecido com CLA. No entanto, a inclusão do GIMEX em dietas a base de palma forrageira (34%) e cana-de-açucar (32%) reduz o teor de gordura do leite de vacas, e isso pode trazer prejuízos financeiros para o produtor de leite.Orientador(a) Prof. Dr. Marcelo de Andrade Ferreira. Co orientadores: Dr. Marco Antonio Sundfeld Da Gama (Pesquisador Embrapa); Dr. Sebastião Inocêncio Guido

On alpha stable distribution of wind driven water surface wave slope

We propose a new formulation of the probability distribution function of wind driven water surface slope with an $\alpha$-stable distribution probability. The mathematical formulation of the probability distribution function is given under an integral formulation. Application to represent the probability of time slope data from laboratory experiments is carried out with satisfactory results. We compare also the $\alpha$-stable model of the water surface slopes with the Gram-Charlier development and the non-Gaussian model of Liu et al\cite{Liu}. Discussions and conclusions are conducted on the basis of the data fit results and the model analysis comparison.Comment: final version of the manuscript: 25 page

Searching for chaotic deterministic features in laboratory water surface waves

International audienceThe dynamic evolution of laboratory water surface waves has been studied within the framework of dynamical systems with the aim to identify stochastic or deterministic nonlinear features. Three different regimes are considered: pure wind waves, pure mechanical waves and mixed (wind and mechanical) waves. These three regimes show different dynamics. The results on wind waves do not clearly support the recently proposed idea that a deterministic Stokes-like component dominate the evolution of such waves; they are more appropriately described by a similarity-like approach that includes a random character. Cubic resonant interactions are clearly identified in pure mechanical waves using tricoherence functions. However, detailed aspects of the interactions do not fully agree with existing theoretical models. Finally, a deterministic motion is observed in mixed waves, which therefore are best described by a low dimensional nonlinear deterministic process

YUYOS QUE MATAN

Algunas plantas nativas que crecen en campos donde se crían ovinos, caprinos, bovinos y equinos son reconocidas como plantas tóxicas por los productores ganaderos patagónicos. El consumo de estas plantas por parte del ganado, genera enfermedades con sintomatología nerviosa que muchas veces son mortales. En el presente artículo se muestra información sobre leguminosas y gramíneas tóxicas propias de la regió

Effects of Delayed Cord Clamping on 4-Month Ferritin Levels, Brain Myelin Content, and Neurodevelopment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective To evaluate whether placental transfusion influences brain myelination at 4 months of age. Study design A partially blinded, randomized controlled trial was conducted at a level III maternity hospital in the US. Seventy-three healthy term pregnant women and their singleton fetuses were randomized to either delayed umbilical cord clamping (DCC, \u3e5 minutes) or immediate clamping (ICC, \u3c20 \u3eseconds). At 4 months of age, blood was drawn for ferritin levels. Neurodevelopmental testing (Mullen Scales of Early Learning) was administered, and brain myelin content was measured with magnetic resonance imaging. Correlations between myelin content and ferritin levels and group-wise DCC vs ICC brain myelin content were completed. Results In the DCC and ICC groups, clamping time was 172 ± 188 seconds vs 28 ± 76 seconds (P \u3c .002), respectively; the 48-hour hematocrit was 57.6% vs 53.1% (P \u3c .01). At 4 months, infants with DCC had significantly greater ferritin levels (96.4 vs 65.3 ng/dL, P = .03). There was a positive relationship between ferritin and myelin content. Infants randomized to the DCC group had greater myelin content in the internal capsule and other early maturing brain regions associated with motor, visual, and sensory processing/function. No differences were seen between groups in the Mullen testing. Conclusion At 4 months, infants born at term receiving DCC had greater ferritin levels and increased brain myelin in areas important for early life functional development. Endowment of iron-rich red blood cells obtained through DCC may offer a longitudinal advantage for early white matter development

Group-IV graphene- and graphane-like nanosheets

We performed a first principles investigation on the structural and electronic properties of group-IV (C, SiC, Si, Ge, and Sn) graphene-like sheets in flat and buckled configurations and the respective hydrogenated or fluorinated graphane-like ones. The analysis on the energetics, associated with the formation of those structures, showed that fluorinated graphane-like sheets are very stable, and should be easily synthesized in laboratory. We also studied the changes on the properties of the graphene-like sheets, as result of hydrogenation or fluorination. The interatomic distances in those graphane-like sheets are consistent with the respective crystalline ones, a property that may facilitate integration of those sheets within three-dimensional nanodevices

Ordering folate assays is no longer justified for investigation of anemias, in folic acid fortified countries

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Since 1998, in the countries where there is mandatory fortification of grain products with folic acid, folate deficiency has become very rare. Consequently, we decided to find out whether there is any justification for ordering folate assays for investigation of anemias.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We reviewed serum folate (SF) and red cell folate (RF) data at two teaching hospitals in Canada. At the Health Sciences Centre (HSC) the folate data for the year 2001 were analyzed and the medical records of those with low SF or low RF were reviewed. At St. Boniface General Hospital(SBGH)all folate data between January 1996 and Dec 31,2004 were analyzed and the medical records of all who had low RF between January 1,1999 and December 31,2004 were reviewed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In 2001, at HSC, 11 out of 2154(0.5%)SF were low(<7.0 nmol/L) and 4 out of 560 (0.7%) RF were low (<417 nmol/L). In no subject with low SF or RF could the anemia be attributed to folate deficiency. At SBGH during the 3-year-period of 1999-2001, 19 out of 991(1.9%) had low RF (<225 nmol/L) but in only 2 patients (0.2%) the low RF was in folate deficiency anemia range; but neither of them had anemia.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In countries where there is mandatory fortification of grain products with folic acid, folate deficiency to the degree that could cause anemia is extremely rare. Ordering folate assays for investigation of anemias, in these countries, is waste of time and money. The result of these tests is more likely to mislead the physicians than to provide any useful information.</p