Studies on mosquitoes breeding in rock pools on inselbergs around Zaria, northern Nigeria

Background & objectives: Rainwater often collects in depressions on rocks to form pools that are ideal breeding sites of mosquito vectors of diseases. Knowledge on the existence of disease vectors in these remote and relatively inaccessible locations could improve epidemiologic understanding and control capabilities. This study identifies mosquito species, their relative abundance and physicochemical characteristics of breeding microhabitats in rock pools on four inselbergs in northern Nigeria.Methods: Soup ladle dipper was used to obtain representative samples of larval mosquitoes breeding in 141 rock pools on four inselbergs. Physicochemical parameters (depth, electrical conductivity, pH, surface area, temperature and total dissolved solids) of the pools were determined. Larvae were preserved in 70% alcohol and identified microscopically to species using taxonomic keys. Statistical correlation analysis and ANOVA were used to test the associations between physicochemical parameters and mosquito abundance, and for differences amongst inselbergs. Results: Of 2991 larvae, five species of mosquito distributed in three genera (Anopheles, Aedes and Culex) including Ae. vittatus (92.88%), An. ardensis (0.13%), An. distinctus (1.67%), An. wilsoni (0.13%) and Cx. ingrami (5.18%) bred in the rock pools, Up to five species occurred per pool in various conspecific and heterogeneric combinations. Except for Ae. vittatus, the physicochemical parameters of the pools correlate significantly with species abundance. Conclusion: Ae. vittatus, a potential vector of yellow fever in Nigeria breeds profusely in rock pools on inselbergs around Zaria. For comprehensive vector implication and control, rock pools should be amongst the habitats of focus in yellow fever epidemiology

Pengaruh tradisi dan nilai budaya "siri" dalam pembinaan perilaku berwawasan lingkungan (studi kasus di Kecamatan Ponre Kabupaten Bone Sulawesi Selatan) = The Influence of Tradition and The Cultural Value "Sine" in ...

The purpose of this study is to find out awareness condition and behavior o the community towards environment based on the Environmental Management Act 1982, and ecological principle and factors, especially the tradition and cultural values influence towards awareness, behavior, and law that play an important role in shaping the behavior with environmental vision. The research was done in Ponre District, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Province with 300 respondents and intensive observation of the cases under study. Besides the structured interview with the respondents, free interview with the figures, a study about authentic manu- script (LONTARA) and he local regulation dealing with the environment were also done. Data were analysed using correlation and regression statistical analysis. Results of observation and qualitative data were analysed descriptively, with emphasis on what was studied as the real facts. Results showed that : (1) the regulation on environmental issued by the local goverment was quantitatively sufficient, including the physical environment aspect as the core of the problem. But the human component and their need such as the enviromental cost for the local people was ignored(2) the shaping of behavior with environmental vision troug, ht legal approach was sufficient. Behavior and awareness of the community for environment was relatively good compared to the past, but the resultswas not yet satisfactory because of cultural value, tradition, religion, economic condition, level of education and other sociocultural factors(3) the effort of developing alternative values and behavior in this area using local tradition and values was effective and efficient. The value especially the STRI is still a guidance whether to receive or reject an idea or behavior. SIRI is still firmly uphold by the people of this area(4) from the ecological point of view, Ponre District is the core of the Bone Regency ecosystem. The population in the last 35 years tends to decline. Key word: tradition, cultural value, environment

Persepsi Masyarakat terhadap Rencana Pemekaran Kabupaten Bone Selatan

This study aims to determine how the public perception of late kabupateb Bone pemekar south. In general, community leaders know the plan establishmen-Tukan Bone District; Community leaders is very great hopes to its efforts to establish the district of Bone South, due to the formation of new districts in the future, will create employment opportunities were great, they also expect the government to get closer to the people, pay more attention to their fate, the service can be enjoyed with easy, free of corruption, equitable growth, the potential of the area can be managed properly and a decent future for their offspring would be wide open; High public approval rate, can not be separated from the ladder-pan / understanding of the benefits of a granting autonomy to the region.Keywords: South Bone Splitting District, Autonomous Rights, Local GovernmentPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana persepsi masyarakat terhadap pemekaran kabupateb Bone selatan. Pada umumnya tokoh masyarakat mengetahui rencana pembentukan Kabupaten Bone; Tokoh masyarakat sangat menaruh harapan besar terhadap upaya pembentukan daerah Kabupaten Bone Selatan, karena dengan terbentuknya kabupaten baru ini kelak, akan menciptakan peluang lapangan pekerjaan yang besar, mereka juga berharap agar pemerintah lebih mendekatkan diri kepada masyarakat, lebih memperhatikan nasib mereka, pelayanan dapat dinikmati dengan mudah, bebas KKN, pembangunan yang merata, potensi daerah dapat dikelola dengan baik dan masa depan yang layak bagi keturunan mereka akan terbuka lebar; Tingkat persetujuan masyarakat yang tinggi, tidak terlepas dari tanggapan/pemahaman akan manfaat sebuah pemberian hak otonomi kepada sebuah daerah

Peranan Mulsa Dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Cabai Melalui Modifikasi Kondisi Fisik Di Dalam Tanah

Soil is growing media for plant growth. It preserves water and nutrients for plants. The physical changes in soil affect the life of roots and plant performances. The goal of research was to change physical condition in soil through mulching for increasing pepper plant production. Land for pepper cultivation was mulched using rice straws and plastic sheet (PE). Physical condition such as soil suhue and humidity and content of organic matters in the soil were measured or examined. Also, production components such as plant height and stalk diameter were measured as well as fruit production. The result showed that mulching increased significantly soil suhue and humidity as well as content of organic matters in the soil. Mulching increased plat height, diameter of stalk, and fruit production, especially in using rice straws Therefore, mulching have a role in increasing growth and production pepper fruit through modification of physical condition in soil

Perancangan Aplikasi Customer Relationship Management untuk Meningkatkan Pelayanan pada Rumah Sakit St. Carolus

Research aims to create a draft of application based on customer relationship management (CRM) toimprove services on St carolus hospital in terms of criticism-suggestions, to create scheduling events and patient schedule for second time which is still less control. Research used survey, interview the parties concerned, aswell as analyzing the systems running on St Carolus hospital. Results of the research are application design that helps to improve the quality of the hospital service to the patient, application design that helps management in holding the event, and managing the input given by the visitor at ease. In conclusion, the application designhelps manage criticism and suggestions, make events, and intertwine relations with patients after medication or treatment

Social Profile Of The Aged In An Urban Population

Research Problem: What is the socio-demographic profile of urban aged population in Aligarh city. Objectives: i) To describe the socio-demographic profile of the aged population in an urban area, ii) To describe the attitude of these people. Design:Cross-sectional study. Setting : Urban areas of Aligarh city. Participants : 3951 persons aged 60 years and above Study Variables: Socio-demographic characteristics, attitudes. Statistical Analysis : By proportions. Result: 15% of the total  stimated elderly population covering all 10 sectors of Aligarh city was studied. The majority ofthe elderly (72.4%) belonged to 60-70 years age group. Most of them (77.2%) were illiterate, 61.6% belonged to lower socio-economic classes (IV & V), 78.1 % lived in joint families. 39.6% of the aged felt that they were not being given due respect by family members. Nearly half of them had an indifferent or unhappy attitude towards life. Conclusion: The socio-demographic characteristics of the aged are important and must be kept in mind for developing programs to assist them in living as respectful senior citizens

Dynamic Pattern of Interleukin-1beta and -10 in Cerebrospinal Fluid Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

BACKGROUND: Inflammation following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with patient outcome. This study aimed to analyze the dynamics pattern of the pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) following aneurysmal SAH.METHODS: This is a prospective observational study. The CSF was collected prior to surgery, and on the 2nd, 4th and 6th days after surgery. The CSF was then analyzed for IL-1β and -10 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Delayed Ischemic Neurological Deficits (DIND) was determined based on new neurological deficits within the first week after surgery. Data was analysed with T test or Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test to evaluate the pattern of biomarkers between DIND and non-DIND groups.RESULTS: There were 33 patients enrolled in this study, 16 patients (48.48%) who experienced DIND and 17 patients (51.52%) were non-DIND. There were significant increase dynamic levels of IL-10 and -1β in DIND patients (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: Significant increase levels of IL-10 and -1β in CSF after aneurysmal SAH are associated with DIND

Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Activities of Some Nicotinamide – metal Complexes

Some transition metal complexes of nicotinamide have been prepared and characterized using melting point, conductivity measurement, infrared, electronic, HNMR and atomic absorption spectroscopic methods. . The antibacterial and antifungal studies of the metal complexes and the ligand have been evaluated against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus and Bacillus subtilis , Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and penicillum species. It was found that nicotinamide formed stable metal complexes with these metal ions. The analysis of the spectroscopic data shows that nicotinamide act as monodentate, coordinating through the nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring. All the complexes exhibit 4- coordinate geometry. The results of the antimicrobial studies showed that the metal complexes have higher inhibitory activity than the original nicotinamide against the tested bacteria and fungi species.Keywords: Synthesis, Metal complexes, Nicotinamide, Antibacterial, Antifunga

Comparative Evaluation of Medical Thermal Image Enhancement Techniques for Breast Cancer Detection

Thermography is a potential medical imaging modality due to its capability in providing additional physiological information. Medical thermal images obtained from infrared thermography systems incorporate valuable temperature properties and profiles, which could indicate underlying abnormalities. The quality of thermal images is often degraded due to noise, which affects the measurement processes in medical imaging. Contrast stretching and image filtering techniques are normally adopted in medical image enhancement processes. In this study, a comparative evaluation of contrast stretching and image filtering on individual channels of true color thermal images was conducted. Their individual performances were quantitatively measured using mean square error (MSE) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). The results obtained showed that contrast stretching altered the temperature profile of the original image while image filtering appeared to enhance the original image with no changes in its profile. Further measurement of both MSE and PSNR showed that the Wiener filtering method outperformed other filters with an average MSE value of 0.0045 and PSNR value of 78.739 dB. Various segmentation methods applied to both filtered and contrast stretched images proved that the filtering method is preferable for in-depth analysis