12,404 research outputs found
Gamma-ray emission associated with Cluster-scale AGN Outbursts
Recent observations have revealed the existence of enormously energetic
~10^61 erg AGN outbursts in three relatively distant galaxy clusters. These
outbursts have produced bubbles in the intra-cluster medium, apparently
supported by pressure from relativistic particles and/or magnetic fields. Here
we argue that if > GeV particles are responsible then these particles are very
likely protons and nuclei, rather than electrons, and that the gamma-ray
emission from these objects, arising from the interactions of these hadrons in
the intra-cluster medium, may be marginally detectable with instruments such as
GLAST and HESS.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted by MNRA
Lost in translation: a multi-level case study of the metamorphosis of meanings and action in public sector organisational innovation
This paper explores the early implementation of an organisational innovation in the UK National Health Service (NHS) - Treatment Centres (TCs) - designed to dramatically reduce waiting lists for elective care. The paper draws on case studies of eight TCs (each at varying stages of their development) and aims to explore how meanings about TCs are created and evolve, and how these meanings impact upon the development of the organisational innovation. Research on organisational meanings needs to take greater account of the fact that modern organisations like the NHS are complex multi-level phenomena, comprising layers of interlacing networks. To understand the pace, direction and impact of organisational innovation and change we need to study the interconnections between meanings across different organisational levels. The data presented in this paper show how the apparently simple, relatively unformed, concept of a TC framed by central government, is translated and transmuted by subsequent layers in the health service administration, and by players in local health economies and, ultimately in the TCs themselves, picking up new rationales, meanings, and significance as it goes. The developmental histories of TCs reveal a range of significant re-workings of macro policy with the result that there is considerable diversity and variation between local TC schemes. The picture is of important disconnections between meanings, that in many ways mirror Weickâs (1976) âloosely coupled systemsâ. The emergent meanings and the direction of micro-level development of TCs appear more strongly determined by interactions within the local TC environment, notably between what we identify as groups of âidealistsâ, âpragmatistsâ, âopportunistsâ and âscepticsâ than by the framing (Goffman 1974) provided by macro and meso organisational levels. While this illustrates the limitations of top down and policy-driven attempts at change, and highlights the crucial importance of the front-line local âmicro-systemsâ (Donaldson & Mohr, 2000) in the overall scheme of implementing organisational innovations, the space or headroom provided by frames at the macro and meso levels can enable local change, albeit at variable speed and with uncertain outcomes
Effect of excited states and applied magnetic fields on the measured hole mobility in an organic semiconductor
Copyright 2010 by the American Physical Society. Article is available at
Sub-Kolmogorov-Scale Fluctuations in Fluid Turbulence
We relate the intermittent fluctuations of velocity gradients in turbulence
to a whole range of local dissipation scales generalizing the picture of a
single mean dissipation length. The statistical distribution of these local
dissipation scales as a function of Reynolds number is determined in numerical
simulations of forced homogeneous isotropic turbulence with a spectral
resolution never applied before which exceeds the standard one by at least a
factor of eight. The core of the scale distribution agrees well with a
theoretical prediction. Increasing Reynolds number causes the generation of
ever finer local dissipation scales. This is in line with a less steep decay of
the large-wavenumber energy spectra in the dissipation range. The energy
spectrum for the highest accessible Taylor microscale Reynolds number
R_lambda=107 does not show a bottleneck.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures (Figs. 1 and 3 in reduced quality
The general form of supersymmetric solutions of N=(1,0) U(1) and SU(2) gauged supergravities in six dimensions
We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for a supersymmetric field
configuration in the N=(1,0) U(1) or SU(2) gauged supergravities in six
dimensions, and impose the field equations on this general ansatz. It is found
that any supersymmetric solution is associated to an structure. The structure is characterized by a null Killing
vector which induces a natural 2+4 split of the six dimensional spacetime. A
suitable combination of the field equations implies that the scalar curvature
of the four dimensional Riemannian part, referred to as the base, obeys a
second order differential equation. Bosonic fluxes introduce torsion terms that
deform the structure away from a covariantly
constant one. The most general structure can be classified in terms of its
intrinsic torsion. For a large class of solutions the gauge field strengths
admit a simple geometrical interpretation: in the U(1) theory the base is
K\"{a}hler, and the gauge field strength is the Ricci form; in the SU(2)
theory, the gauge field strengths are identified with the curvatures of the
left hand spin bundle of the base. We employ our general ansatz to construct
new supersymmetric solutions; we show that the U(1) theory admits a symmetric
Cahen-Wallach solution together with a compactifying pp-wave. The
SU(2) theory admits a black string, whose near horizon limit is . We also obtain the Yang-Mills analogue of the Salam-Sezgin solution of
the U(1) theory, namely , where the is supported by a
sphaleron. Finally we obtain the additional constraints implied by enhanced
supersymmetry, and discuss Penrose limits in the theories.Comment: 1+29 pages, late
MONEY ILLUSION, GORMAN AND LAU
Any demand equation satisfying Lauâs (1982) Fundamental Theorem of Exact Aggregation and 0° homogeneity in prices and income will have a Gorman (1981) functional form for each income term. This property does not depend on symmetry or adding up. The implications of this result are illustrated by an extensive example.Demand, exact aggregation, functional form, homogeneity
Entanglement distribution by an arbitrarily inept delivery service
We consider the scenario where a company C manufactures in bulk pure
entangled pairs of particles, each pair intended for a distinct pair of distant
customers. Unfortunately, its delivery service is inept - the probability that
any given customer pair receives its intended particles is S, and the customers
cannot detect whether an error has occurred. Remarkably, no matter how small S
is, it is still possible for C to distribute entanglement by starting with
non-maximally entangled pairs. We determine the maximum entanglement
distributable for a given S, and also determine the ability of the parties to
perform nonlocal tasks with the qubits they receive.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. v2 includes minor change
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