50,778 research outputs found
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A multi-spacecraft reanalysis of the atmosphere of Mars
We have conducted a nine-Mars Year (MY) consistent reanalysis of the martian atmosphere covering the period MY 24â32 and making use of data from three different spacecraft. Remotely-sensed measurements of temperature, dust opacity, water ice and ozone from NASAâs Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) and Mars Recconaisance Orbiter (MRO) and ESAâs Mars Express (MEx) were assimilated [1] into a single model simulation, sampled two-hourly over the whole period. This forms a large, regular reanalysis dataset that is being made publicly available as an output of the EU UPWARDS project. The same analysis technique, with an improved model and higher resolution will be conducted with ESA Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) data as it becomes available
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Trace gas assimilation of Mars orbiter observations
Ozone, water vapour and argon are minor constituents in the Martian atmosphere, observations of which can be of use in constraining atmospheric dynamical and physical processes. This is especially true in the winter season of each hemisphere, when the bulk of the main constituent in the atmosphere (CO2 ) condenses in the polar regions shifting the balance of atmospheric composition to a more trace gas rich air mass.
Current Mars Global Circulation Models (MGCMs) are able to represent the photochemistry occuring in the atmosphere, with constraints being imposed by comparisons with observations. However, a long term comparison using data assimilation provides a more robust constraint on the model. We aim to provide a technique for trace gas data assimilation for the analysis of observations from current and future satellite missions (such as ExoMars) which observe the spatial and temporal distribution of trace gases on Mars
Measuring access: how accurate are patient-reported waiting times?
Introduction: A national audit of waiting times in Englandâs genitourinary medicine clinics measures patient access. Data are collected by patient questionnaires, which rely upon patientsâ recollection of first contact with health services, often several days previously. The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of patient-reported waiting times.
Methods: Data on true waiting times were collected at the time of patient booking over a three-week period and compared with patient-reported data collected upon clinic attendance. Factors contributing to patient inaccuracy were explored.
Results: Of 341 patients providing initial data, 255 attended; 207 as appointments and 48 âwalk-inâ. The accuracy of patient-reported waiting times overall was 52% (133/255). 85% of patients (216/255) correctly identified themselves as seen within or outside of 48âhours. 17% of patients (17/103) seen within 48âhours reported a longer waiting period, whereas 20% of patients (22/108) reporting waits under 48âhours were seen outside that period. Men were more likely to overestimate their waiting time (10.4% versus 3.1% p<0.02). The sensitivity of patient-completed questionnaires as a tool for assessing waiting times of less than 48âhours was 83.5%. The specificity and positive predictive value were 85.5% and 79.6%, respectively.
Conclusion: The overall accuracy of patient reported waiting times was poor. Although nearly one in six patients misclassified themselves as being seen within or outside of 48âhours, given the under and overreporting rates observed, the overall impact on Health Protection Agency waiting time data is likely to be limited
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First ozone reanalysis on Mars using SPICAM data
To further our understanding of important photochemical processes in the Martian atmosphere, a synthesis can be used to investigate the temporal and spatial agreement between model and observations and determine any possible causes of identified differences. In this study [1], we have assimilated, for the first time, total ozone into a Mars Global Circulation model (GCM) to study the ozone cycle
Symptomatic adrenal insufficiency during inhaled corticosteroid treatment
Symptomatic adrenal insufficiency, presenting
as hypoglycaemia or poor weight
gain, may occur on withdrawal of corticosteroid
treatment but has not previously
been reported during inhaled corticosteroid
treatment. This case series illustrates
the occurence of clinically
significant adrenal insufficiency in asthmatic
children while patients were on
inhaled corticosteroid treatment and the
unexpected modes of presentation. General
practitioners and paediatricians need
to be aware that this unusual but acute
serious complication may occur in patients
treated
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